# अभ्यास (abhyāsa)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/abhyasa

अभ्यास (abhyāsa) is a Sanskrit word meaning reaching to, pervading, the act of adding anything, the first syllable of a reduplicated radical, reduplication, repetition, multiplication. Its 24 recorded definitions are grouped into 10 contexts, among them Comprehensive Definitions (Multiple Senses), Practice, Exercise, Habit, Custom, Etymological or Referential Information.

- **Roots:** 2. अस् (2. as), 1. अश् (1. aś)
- **SLP1:** `aByAsa`  **IAST:** abhyāsa  **Devanagari:** अभ्यास
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhyasa
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/abhyasa/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### Comprehensive Definitions (Multiple Senses) (6 definitions)
- 1. Addition. 2. Repetition or reduplication. 3. Practice, application, use, or habit. 4. Familiarity with. 5. Repeated recitation or study.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 024-3 ] अभ्यास (abhyāsa) abhi‿āsa, m. addition; repetition; reduplication ( gr. ); practice; application; use, habit; familiarity with ( —° ); repeated recitation; study. [ ID=2340 ]
- 1. Repetition or repeated occurrence. 2. Habitual practice. 3. Study. 4. Mental effort to remain in a pure condition. 5. Reduplication in grammar. 6. The first syllable of a reduplicated base. 7. Multiplication. 8. Vicinity.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 054-19 ] अभ्यास (abhyāsa) m. 1. Repetition, repeated occurrence, व्याख्याता व्याख्याता इति पदाभ्यासोऽध्यायपरिसमाप्तिं द्योतयति (vyākhyātā vyākhyātā iti padābhyāso'dhyāyaparisamāptiṃ dyotayati) S.Bh. i.; 2. repeated practice, habit, अमंगलाभ्यासरतिं विचिन्त्य तम् (amaṃgalābhyāsaratiṃ vicintya tam) K.S. v.65; 3. study, वेदाभ्यासो हि पञ्चधा (vedābhyāso hi pañcadhā) Daksha.; 4. the effort of the mind to remain in its unmodified condition of purity (in Yoga phil.), असंशयं माहाबाहो मनो दुर्निग्रहं चलम् । अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ेन तु कौन्तेय वैराग्येण च गृह्यते (asaṃśayaṃ māhābāho mano durnigrahaṃ calam. abhyāsena tu kaunteya vairāgyeṇa ca gṛhyate) Bg. vi.35; 5. reduplication (in gram.); 6. the first syllable of the reduplicated base (in Pāṇini); 7. multiplication (in arith.); 8. neighbourhood, vicinity (also written अभ्याश (abhyāśa) in this sense), मार्गाभ्यासवर्तिनः कस्यापि क्षपणकविहारस्य (mārgābhyāsavartinaḥ kasyāpi kṣapaṇakavihārasya) D.K. [ ID=2795 ]
- 1. Repetition of words. 2. Repeated practice or use. 3. Reading or study.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 0043-b ] अभ्यास (abhyāsa) abhyāsa, i. e. abhi- 2. as + a ( cf. abhyāśa ), m. 1. Repetition, Man. 12, 74. Repetition of words, Vedāntas. in Chr. 216, 8; 9. 2. Repeated practice, Rājat. 5, 164; 439. Use, Yājñ, 3, 68. 3. Reading, Man. 4, 148. Study, Pañc. 220, 4. [ ID=883 ]
- 1. Addition. 2. Repetition or reduplication. 3. Study, reading, exercise, or custom.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 036 ] अभ्यास (abhyāsa) m. addition. repetition; reduplicate ( g. ), study, reading, exercise, custom. [ ID=2480 ]
- 1. Repetition or repeated occurrence. 2. Repeated practice, use, or habit. 3. Study or repeated mental practice. 4. Reading. 5. Constant veneration. 6. In philosophy, the effort of the mind to remain in a pure, unmodified condition. 7. Reduplication or the first syllable of a reduplicated base. 8. The repetition of a word, verse, or stanza. 9. Multiplication or the product of multiplication. 10. Archery.  
  *Goldstücker Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 318-b ] अभ्यास (abhyāsa) I. Tatpur. m. ( - सः (-saḥ) ) 1 Repetition, repeated occurence; e. g. Manu: तेऽभ्यासात्कर्मणां तेषां पापानामल्पबुद्धयः । (.) सं - (te'bhyāsātkarmaṇāṃ teṣāṃ pāpānāmalpabuddhayaḥ. saṃ-) प्राप्नुवन्ति दुःखानि (prāpnuvanti duḥkhāni) &c.; or Kātyāy. Śr. S.: अभिप्लवाभ्यासे - (abhiplavābhyāse-) नाभिपूरणम्; (nābhipūraṇam;) or Kumārila on a Mānava-Kalpa-S.: त्रिरि - (triri-) त्यभ्यासोऽनुवादः; (tyabhyāso'nuvādaḥ;) or the Mit. on Yājnav. (2. 81.): एतच्च (etacca) … अनभ्यासे च द्रष्टव्यम् । (.) लोभादिकारणविशेषपरिज्ञाने (…anabhyāse ca draṣṭavyam. lobhādikāraṇaviśeṣaparijñāne) ' भ्यासे च मनुनोक्तम्; ('bhyāse ca manunoktam;) or the same on Yājn. (3. 255.): अज्ञा - (ajñā-) नतोऽभ्यासे तु वसिष्ठेनोक्तम् । (.) (ktam.) (nato'bhyāse tu vasiṣṭhenoktam.) … ज्ञानतोऽभ्यासे तु शङ्खो - (…jñānato'bhyāse tu śaṅkho-) क्तम् । (.) (ktam.) … अत्यन्ताभ्यासे हरीतोक्तम्; (…atyantābhyāse harītoktam;) or Raghun. Prāya- śchittat. (a quotation): गोघ्नवद्विहितः कल्पश्चान्द्रायणमथापि (goghnavadvihitaḥ kalpaścāndrāyaṇamathāpi) वा । (.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) े तु तयोर्भूयस्ततः शुद्धिमवाप्नुयात्; (vā. abhyāse tu tayorbhūyastataḥ śuddhimavāpnuyāt;) or Jaimini- Sūtras: आग्नेयस्तूक्तहेतुत्वादभ्यासेन प्रतीयेत; (āgneyastūktahetutvādabhyāsena pratīyeta;) or यावज्जीविको (yāvajjīviko) ' भ्यासः कर्मधर्मः; ('bhyāsaḥ karmadharmaḥ;) or अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ो वा विकारात्स्यात् । (.) पशुस्त्वेवं (abhyāso vā vikārātsyāt. paśustvevaṃ) प्रधानं स्यादभ्यासस्य तन्निमित्तत्वात्समासशब्दः स्यात्; (pradhānaṃ syādabhyāsasya tannimittatvātsamāsaśabdaḥ syāt;) or अर्थ - (artha-) वांस्तु नैकत्वादभ्यासः स्यात् (vāṃstu naikatvādabhyāsaḥ syāt) …; (…;) or वेदिप्रोक्षणे मन्त्राभ्यासः (vediprokṣaṇe mantrābhyāsaḥ) कर्मणः पुनःप्रयोगात् (karmaṇaḥ punaḥprayogāt) &c. &c.; or Ved. Sūtr.: आनन्दमयो (ānandamayo) ' भ्यासात्; ('bhyāsāt;) ( Śaṅkara: परमात्मानन्दमयो भवितुमर्हति । (.) कुतः । (.) (paramātmānandamayo bhavitumarhati. kutaḥ.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ात् (abhyāsāt) । (.) परस्मिन्नेव ह्यात्मन्यानन्दशब्दो बहुकृत्वोऽभ्यस्यते (abhyāsāt. parasminneva hyātmanyānandaśabdo bahukṛtvo'bhyasyate) ); or Nyāya-S.: नानुवादपुनरुक्तयोर्विशेषः शब्दाभ्यासोपपत्तेः ॥ (nānuvādapunaruktayorviśeṣaḥ śabdābhyāsopapatteḥ..) शीघ्रतरगमनोपदेशवदभ्यासाद्विशेषः; (śīghrataragamanopadeśavadabhyāsādviśeṣaḥ;) or अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ात् (abhyāsāt) (sound is permanent on account of its frequent occurrence) ॥ अन्यत्वे (.. anyatve) ' प्यभ्यासस्योपचारात्; ('pyabhyāsasyopacārāt;) or Mādh. Jaiminīyany.: … सूक्तं त्रि - (…sūktaṃ tri-) रावर्तनीयम् । (.) तत्र प्रथमावृत्तौ प्रथमाया ऋचस्त्रिरभ्यासः; (rāvartanīyam. tatra prathamāvṛttau prathamāyā ṛcastrirabhyāsaḥ;) or अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ादन्यकर्मत्वं दर्शेष्टौ द्विः प्रयुज्यताम् (abhyāsādanyakarmatvaṃ darśeṣṭau dviḥ prayujyatām) &c. &.; or Mādh. Sarvadarś. (Pāṇinid.): यथा स्वाध्यायः सकृत्पठ्यमानो नाव - (yathā svādhyāyaḥ sakṛtpaṭhyamāno nāva-) धार्यते । (.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ेन तु स्फुटावसायः (dhāryate. abhyāsena tu sphuṭāvasāyaḥ) &c.; or Mādhāva observes in his comm. on the Aitareyabr. at the end of several chap- ters, that the last word is to be repeated to indicate the close of the chapter, e. g. the word भवति (bhavati) at the end of the first Adhyāya is to be repeated: भवति (bhavati) शब्दस्याभ्यासो (bhavatiśabdasyābhyāso) ' ध्यायसमाप्त्यर्थः; ('dhyāyasamāptyarthaḥ;) or at the end of the fifth Adhy. or the first Pañchikā: अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ोऽध्यायसमाप्त्यर्थः, (abhyāso'dhyāyasamāptyarthaḥ,) similarly at the end of the seventh, ninth, tenth &c. &c. Adhyāyas. See also s. v. आकूपार (ākūpāra). 2 Repeated practice, repeated use of a thing, habit; e. g. Pāṇini: मिथ्योपपदात्कृञोऽभ्यासे; (mithyopapadātkṛño'bhyāse;) or Yājnav.: तत्रात्मा हि स्वयं किंचित्कर्म किंचित्स्वभावतः । (.) (tatrātmā hi svayaṃ kiṃcitkarma kiṃcitsvabhāvataḥ.) करोति किंचिदभ्यासाद्धर्माधर्मोभयात्मकम्; (karoti kiṃcidabhyāsāddharmādharmobhayātmakam;) or Mit. on Yājn. (3. 253.): अभ्यास (abhyāsa) े तु सुराया इति वासिष्ठे (abhyāse tu surāyā iti vāsiṣṭhe) &c.; or Medhāt. on Manu: ( व्यसनस्य च मृत्योश्च व्यसनं कष्टमुच्यते ) व्यसनशब्देना - ((vyasanasya ca mṛtyośca vyasanaṃ kaṣṭamucyate) vyasanaśabdenā-) त्यन्ताभ्यासः । (.) एतद्वर्गविषय उच्यते (tyantābhyāsaḥ. etadvargaviṣaya ucyate) (i. e. in the sense of ‘bad habit, vice’); or Nyāya-S. (soul is eternal): प्रेत्याहाराभ्या - (pretyāhārābhyā-) सकृतात्स्तन्याभिलाषात्; (sakṛtātstanyābhilāṣāt;) or (knowledge of the absolute truth increases) समाधिविशेषाभ्यासात् ॥ (samādhiviśeṣābhyāsāt..) … अरण्यगुहापुलिना - (…araṇyaguhāpulinā-) दिषु योगाभ्यासोपदेशात्; (diṣu yogābhyāsopadeśāt;) or Suśruta: आशय्याभ्यासयोगेन (āśayyābhyāsayogena) करोत्याशयसंभवम्; (karotyāśayasaṃbhavam;) or Rājatar.: दर्शनाभ्याससंवृद्धचचूरागः (darśanābhyāsasaṃvṛddhacacūrāgaḥ) क्षमापतिः (kṣamāpatiḥ) (comp. also the inst. s. v. अन्वय (anvaya) p. 151 b, 1. 45); Page319-a+ 56 or Sāhityad. (v. 49): शिक्षाभ्यास (kṣābhyāsa) ादिमात्रेण राघवादेः स्वरू - (śikṣābhyāsādimātreṇa rāghavādeḥ svarū-) पताम् । (.) दर्शयन्नर्तको नैव रसस्यास्वादको भवेत् (patām. darśayannartako naiva rasasyāsvādako bhavet) (where शि - (śi-) क्षाभ्यास (kṣābhyāsa) seems rather to be a Tatpur., than a Dwandwa). 3 Repeated mental practise, study; e. g. Viśvan. on a Nyāya- S. (3. 113. where it is mentioned as one of the twenty- seven means to awaken memory): अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ः संस्कारबाहुल्यम् (abhyāsaḥ saṃskārabāhulyam) ( abhyāsa means the multiplicity of mental impressions) । (.) एतस्य यद्यपि नोद्बोधकत्वं तथापि तादृशे शीघ्रमुद्वोधकसमव - (etasya yadyapi nodbodhakatvaṃ tathāpi tādṛśe śīghramudvodhakasamava-) धानं स्यादित्याशयेन तदुपन्यासः । (.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ो दृढतरसंस्कारः (dhānaṃ syādityāśayena tadupanyāsaḥ. abhyāso dṛḍhatarasaṃskāraḥ) (i. e. it means a mental impression which has become very strong); or Sāṅkhya-Prav.: तत्त्वाभ्यासान्नेति नेतीति त्यागा - (tattvābhyāsānneti netīti tyāgā-) द्विवेकसिद्धिः (dvivekasiddhiḥ) ‘discriminative knowledge becomes accom- plished through the study of the twenty-five principles and the avoiding of what is negatived in scriptural texts with the words: “it is not…it is not…”’; or Sāṅkhyakār.: एवं तत्त्वाभ्यासान्नास्ति न मे नाहमित्यपरिशेषम् । (.) अविपर्यया - (evaṃ tattvābhyāsānnāsti na me nāhamityapariśeṣam. aviparyayā-) द्विशुद्धं केवलमुत्पद्यते ज्ञानम्; (dviśuddhaṃ kevalamutpadyate jñānam;) or Manu: वेदाभ्यासो हि विप्रस्य (vedābhyāso hi viprasya) तपः परमिहोच्यते; (tapaḥ paramihocyate;) or Yājnav.: यथा विधानेन पठन्सामगा - (yathā vidhānena paṭhansāmagā-) यमविच्युतम् । (.) सावधानस्तदभ्यासात्परं ब्रह्माधिगच्छति; (yamavicyutam. sāvadhānastadabhyāsātparaṃ brahmādhigacchati;) or Bhartṛh. Vākyapadīya: अभ्यास (abhyāsa) प्रतिभाहेतुः सर्वः शब्दः परैः (abhyāsapratibhāhetuḥ sarvaḥ śabdaḥ paraiḥ) स्मृतः । (.) (smṛtaḥ.) … अनागमश्च सोऽभ्यासः समयः कैश्चिदिष्यते (…anāgamaśca so'bhyāsaḥ samayaḥ kaiścidiṣyate). 4 Reading; e. g. Ṛgv. Prātiś.: अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ार्थे द्रुतां वृत्तिं प्रयो - (abhyāsārthe drutāṃ vṛttiṃ prayo-) गार्थे तु मध्यमाम् । (.) शिष्याणामुपदेशार्थे कुर्याद्वृत्तिं विलम्बिताम् (gārthe tu madhyamām. śiṣyāṇāmupadeśārthe kuryādvṛttiṃ vilambitām) ‘let the quick way (i. e. quick time) be used at the reading (of sacred texts), the middle in common discourse, the slow in instructing pupils’. 5 Constant veneration; e. g. Mahābh. Anuśāsanap.: अभ्यास (abhyāsa) े नित्यं देवानां सप्तर्षीणां ध्रुवस्य (abhyāse nityaṃ devānāṃ saptarṣīṇāṃ dhruvasya) च । (.) मोक्षणं सर्वकृच्छ्राणां मोचयत्यशुभात्सदा (ca. mokṣaṇaṃ sarvakṛcchrāṇāṃ mocayatyaśubhātsadā). 6 (In Philo- sophy and such passages of non-philosophical works as refer to the philosophical doctrines, this word has been used in the following manner: in the Mīmānsā and Nyāya it is used only in the three first meanings as illustrated by some instances from their Sūtras; in the Vedānta Sūtras equally so, but in the later Vedānta it assumes also the sense) a. inculcation of a truth conveyed in sacred writings by means of repeating the same word or the same passage; it is one of the six characteristics of the श्रवण (śravaṇa) or ascertaining the pur- port of the Vedānta (see the enumeration of the other terms s. v. अपूर्वता (apūrvatā) ): Ved. Sāra: प्रकरणप्रतिपाद्यस्य वस्तुनस्तन्मध्ये (prakaraṇapratipādyasya vastunastanmadhye) पौनःपुन्येन प्रतिपादनमभ्यासः; (paunaḥpunyena pratipādanamabhyāsaḥ;) by such repetitions are meant, according to the Ved. Sāra, e. g. that of the words तत्त्वमसि (tattvamasi) which occur nine times in the sixth Prapāth. of the Chhānd. Upan.; or, acc. to Rāmakṛṣṇat. that of स एष नेति नेति (sa eṣa neti neti) of the Bṛhadār., or of the passage स यश्चायम् (sa yaścāyam) in the Taitt. Up., or of the passages येनाक्षरं पुरुषं वेद सत्यम्, (yenākṣaraṃ puruṣaṃ veda satyam,) तदेतदक्षरं ब्रह्म, तमेवैकं विजानीथ आत्मानम् (tadetadakṣaraṃ brahma, tamevaikaṃ vijānītha ātmānam) (?) in the Muṇḍaka Up., &c. (In the Sāṅkhya Prav. it has also the sense as illustrated before by instances from these Sūtras, but in the Sūtra 6. 29. and the Yoga it means) b. the effort of the mind to remain in its unmodified condition of purity (sattwa) or that condition which is free from the affections of passion (rajas) and sin (tamas): Yoga S. 1. 13.: तत्र स्थितौ (tatra sthitau) यत्नोऽभ्यासः (yatno'bhyāsaḥ) ( Patanjali' s comm.: चित्तस्यावृत्तिकस्य प्रशान्त - (cittasyāvṛttikasya praśānta-) वाहिता स्थितिः (vāhitā sthitiḥ) --comp. 3. 10.-- तदर्थप्रयत्नी वीर्यमुत्साहः । (.) (tadarthaprayatnī vīryamutsāhaḥ.) तत्संपिपादयिषया तत्साधनानुष्ठानमभ्यासः; (tatsaṃpipādayiṣayā tatsādhanānuṣṭhānamabhyāsaḥ;) Vāchaspatim. on these words: चित्तस्यावृत्तिकस्य राजसतामसवृत्तिरहितस्य (cittasyāvṛttikasya rājasatāmasavṛttirahitasya) Page319-b+ 56 प्रशान्तवाहिता विमलता सात्त्विकवृत्तिवाहितैकाग्रता स्थितिः (praśāntavāhitā vimalatā sāttvikavṛttivāhitaikāgratā sthitiḥ) &c.; Bhojad. Rājamārt.: वृत्तिरहितस्य चित्तस्य स्वरूपनिष्ठा - (vṛttirahitasya cittasya svarūpaniṣṭhā-) परिणामः स्थितिः (pariṇāmaḥ sthitiḥ) ); this effort becomes consolidated or firm if it is persevered in during a long time, unremittingly and through the accomplishments (of penance, chastity, wisdom and faith): Yoga S. 1. 14.: स तु दीर्घकालनैरन्तर्यसत्कारासेवितो (sa tu dīrghakālanairantaryasatkārāsevito) दृढभूमिः (dṛḍhabhūmiḥ) ( Patanj.' s comm.: दीर्घकालासेवितः । (.) निरन्तरासे - (dīrghakālāsevitaḥ. nirantarāse-) वितः । (.) तपसा ब्रह्मचर्येण विद्यया श्रद्धया च संपादितः सत्का - (vitaḥ. tapasā brahmacaryeṇa vidyayā śraddhayā ca saṃpāditaḥ satkā-) रवान्दृढभूमिर्भवति (bhavati) । (.) व्युत्थानसंस्कारेण द्रागित्येवानभिभूतवि - (ravāndṛḍhabhūmirbhavati. vyutthānasaṃskāreṇa drāgityevānabhibhūtavi-) षय इत्यर्थः; (ṣaya ityarthaḥ;) according to the Rājamārtaṇḍa ‘through the accomplishment of great respect’: बहुकालं नैरन्तर्येणादरा - (bahukālaṃ nairantaryeṇādarā-) तिशयेन च सेव्यमानो दृढभूमिः (dṛḍhabhūmiḥ) स्थिरो भवति (bhavati) दार्ढ्याय प्र - (tiśayena ca sevyamāno dṛḍhabhūmiḥ sthiro bhavati dārḍhyāya pra-) भवतीत्यर्थः (bhavatītyarthaḥ) ); it is together with वैराग्य (vairāgya) (q. v.) the means to hinder the modifications of the mind which are called प्रमाण, विपर्यय, विकल्प, निद्रा (pramāṇa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrā) and स्मृति (smṛti) qq. vv.; Yoga S. 1. 12.: अभ्यास (abhyāsa) वैराग्य (vairāgya) ाभ्यां तन्निरोधः; (abhyāsavairāgyābhyāṃ tannirodhaḥ;) (comp. also the Sūtra 1. 18.: विरामप्रत्ययाभ्यासपूर्वसंस्कारशेषोऽन्यः (virāmapratyayābhyāsapūrvasaṃskāraśeṣo'nyaḥ) ); the word is used in the stated sense in the S. Prav. Sūtra: ध्यानधार - (dhyānadhāra-) णाभ्यासवैराग्य (vairāgya) ादिभिस्तन्निरोधः (ṇābhyāsavairāgyādibhistannirodhaḥ) ( Vijnānabh.: समाधिद्वारा (samādhidvārā) ध्यानं योगस्य कारणं ध्यानस्य च कारणं धारणा तस्याश्च का - (dhyānaṃ yogasya kāraṇaṃ dhyānasya ca kāraṇaṃ dhāraṇā tasyāśca kā-) रणमभ्यासश्चित्तस्थैर्यसाधनानुष्ठानमभ्यासस्यापि कारणं विषय - (raṇamabhyāsaścittasthairyasādhanānuṣṭhānamabhyāsasyāpi kāraṇaṃ viṣaya-) वैराग्य (vairāgya) म् (vairāgyam) &c.); अभ्यास (abhyāsa) has this technical Yoga-sense also, for instance, in these verses: Bhagavadgītā (6. 35.): असंशयं (asaṃśayaṃ) महाबाहो मनो दुर्निर्ग्रहं चलम् । (.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ेन तु कौन्तेय वैरा - (mahābāho mano durnirgrahaṃ calam. abhyāsena tu kaunteya vairā-) ग्येण च गृह्यते (gyeṇa ca gṛhyate) ( Śaṅkara: अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ो नाम चित्तभूमौ कस्यांचि - (abhyāso nāma cittabhūmau kasyāṃci-) त्समानप्रत्यया वृत्तिः (tsamānapratyayā vṛttiḥ) … गृह्यते निरुध्यत इत्यर्थः; (…gṛhyate nirudhyata ityarthaḥ;) Sadānanda: अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ेन विशुद्धेन वैराग्य (vairāgya) ेण निगृह्यते । (.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ो नाम कस्यां - (abhyāsena viśuddhena vairāgyeṇa nigṛhyate. abhyāso nāma kasyāṃ-) चिच्चित्तभूमौ निरन्तरम् । (.) समानप्रत्यया वृत्तिश्चित्तस्याधिवियो - (ciccittabhūmau nirantaram. samānapratyayā vṛttiścittasyādhiviyo-) गिनः (ginaḥ) ); or (12. 9.) अथ चित्तं समाधातुं न शक्नोषि मयि स्थिरम् । (.) (atha cittaṃ samādhātuṃ na śaknoṣi mayi sthiram.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) योगेन ततो मामिच्छाप्तुं धनञ्जय ॥ (abhyāsayogena tato māmicchāptuṃ dhanañjaya..) ( Śaṅk.: चित्तस्यै - (cittasyai-) कस्मिन्नालम्बने सर्वतः समाहृत्य पुनः पुनः स्थापनमभ्यासः । (.) (kasminnālambane sarvataḥ samāhṛtya punaḥ punaḥ sthāpanamabhyāsaḥ.) तत्पूर्वको योगः समाधानलक्षणस्तेनाभ्यासयोगेन (tatpūrvako yogaḥ samādhānalakṣaṇastenābhyāsayogena) &c.; Sadān.: चेतसः स्थापनं भूयो भूयोऽभ्यासः स उच्यते । (.) तत्पूर्वकसमा - (cetasaḥ sthāpanaṃ bhūyo bhūyo'bhyāsaḥ sa ucyate. tatpūrvakasamā-) धिर्यस्तेन मां प्राप्तुमीश्वरम् (dhiryastena māṃ prāptumīśvaram) ) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ेऽप्यसमर्थोऽसि मत्कर्मपर - (abhyāse'pyasamartho'si matkarmapara-) मो भव । (.) (mo bhava.) … श्रेयो हि ज्ञानमभ्यासाज्ज्ञानाद्ध्यानं विशिष्यते । (.) (…śreyo hi jñānamabhyāsājjñānāddhyānaṃ viśiṣyate.) ध्यानात्कर्मफलत्यागस्त्यागाच्छान्तिरनन्तरम्; (dhyānātkarmaphalatyāgastyāgācchāntiranantaram;) or Mahābh. Śān- tip.: तथैतदन्तरं विद्यात्सत्त्व (sattva) क्षेत्रज्ञयोर्बुधः । (.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ात् (abhyāsāt) स तथा (tathaitadantaraṃ vidyātsattvakṣetrajñayorbudhaḥ. abhyāsātsa tathā) युक्तो न गच्छेत्प्रकृतिं पुनः (yukto na gacchetprakṛtiṃ punaḥ) ( Arjunam.: तथा नैर्मल्येन युक्तो (tathā nairmalyena yukto) यदि तदा न प्रकृतिसङ्गं गच्छेत् (yadi tadā na prakṛtisaṅgaṃ gacchet) which explanation ‘ नैर्मल्येन ’ (‘nairmalyena’) will become intelligible when compared with the definition of the term, as applying to the condition of सत्त्व (sattva) ); comp. also Mādhava' s Sarvadarś.: तत्र मधुमती नामाभ्यासवैराग्य (vairāgya) ा - (tatra madhumatī nāmābhyāsavairāgyā-) दिवशादपास्तरजस्तमोलेशसुखप्रकाशमयसत्त्व (sattva) भावनयानवद्यवै - (divaśādapāstarajastamoleśasukhaprakāśamayasattvabhāvanayānavadyavai-) शारद्यविद्योतनरूप ऋतम्भरप्रज्ञाख्या समाधिसिद्धिः (śāradyavidyotanarūpa ṛtambharaprajñākhyā samādhisiddhiḥ). 7 (In Grammar. ) a. Reduplication (in general); e. g. Nirukta (on the word बब्धाम् (babdhām) ): आदिनाभ्यासेनोपहितेनोपधामादत्ते बभ - (ādinābhyāsenopahitenopadhāmādatte babha-) स्तिरत्तकर्मा (stirattakarmā). b. (In Pāṇini. ) The first syllable of the re- duplicated base; Pāṇ.: पूर्वोऽभ्यासः (pūrvo'bhyāsaḥ). See the explanation s. v. अभ्यस्त (abhyasta) 2. (In this sense, and not in the general sense reduplication, the term is also understood in the Vārttikas and the other commentaries on Pāṇ.; e. g. VI. 1. 12. v. 9; 16. v. 3; 17. v. 1; 30. v. 1; 135. v. 5; VII. 4. 58. v. 1; 67. v. 1; 82. v. 3; VIII. 2. 3. v. 7; 6. v. 11;--or I. 1. 65. paribh. 1; VII. 4. 83. paribh. 1. 2.)-- 8 (In Poetry. ) The repetition of a word or verse in a stanza, or of the stanza itself; e. g. Lāṭyāy. Śr. Sūtr.: अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ो गूर्दस्य (abhyāso gūrdasya) (the stanza Sāmav. Page320-a+ 56 2. 457-459.) । (.) अभ्यास (abhyāsa) ादिरुत्तरेषां त्रयाणाम् (. abhyāsādiruttareṣāṃ trayāṇām) ( Agnisvāmin: द्वि - (dvi-) तीयपादे यन्मध्यमं चतुरक्षरमभ्यस्यते स प्रतिहारः (tīyapāde yanmadhyamaṃ caturakṣaramabhyasyate sa pratihāraḥ) &c.).-- In the late artificial poetry there are four kinds of such repetitions which bear the name अभ्यास (abhyāsa), (abhyāsa,) viz. पादाभ्यास, (pādābhyāsa,) अर्धाभ्यास, सर्वाभ्यास (ardhābhyāsa, sarvābhyāsa) and श्लोकाभ्यास (ślokābhyāsa) qq. vv.; the general name, however, for repetitions of syllables, words or verses is यमक (yamaka) q. v. (where all the names of the subdivisions will be found). 9 (In Arithmetic. ) a. Multiplication; (more usual terms, however, are अभिहति, आहति, गुणन (abhihati, āhati, guṇana) ). b. Pro- duct of multiplication; e. g. (for both meanings) Vījagaṇ.: वज्राभ्यासौ ज्येष्ठलघ्वोस्तदैक्यं ह्रस्वं लघ्वोराहतिश्च प्रकृत्या । (.) क्षुण्णा (vajrābhyāsau jyeṣṭhalaghvostadaikyaṃ hrasvaṃ laghvorāhatiśca prakṛtyā. kṣuṇṇā) ज्येष्ठाभ्यासयुग्ज्येष्ठमूलं तत्राभ्यासः क्षेपयोः क्षेपकः स्यात्; (jyeṣṭhābhyāsayugjyeṣṭhamūlaṃ tatrābhyāsaḥ kṣepayoḥ kṣepakaḥ syāt;) ‘the greatest and least roots are to be reciprocally multiplied crosswise; and the sum of the products to be taken for a least root. The product of the two (original) ‘least’ roots being multiplied by the given coefficient and the product of the ‘greatest’ roots being added thereto, the sum is the corresponding greatest root; and the product of the addi- tives will be the (new) additive’; Colebrooke' s Alg. p. 171. 10 (In military terminology. ) Archery; (as such the word is named in several Koshas: Hem., Trik., Bhūripr.; while Hemach. e. g. sometimes adds the word for bow or arrow which is supplied; thus, nānārth. 3. 730.: आकर्षः पाशके (ākarṣaḥ pāśake) धन्वाभ्यासाङ्गे द्यूत इन्द्रिये; (dhanvābhyāsāṅge dyūta indriye;) or 4. 163.: उपासनमासने । (.) शुश्रू - (upāsanamāsane. śuśrū-) षायां शर (śara) ाभ्यासे (ṣāyāṃ śarābhyāse) &c.; elsewhere it has, with this sense and without the addition of शर (śara) or धनु, (dhanu,) not come under my ob- servation, except, where its elliptical sense may be easily supplied, in the) Dhanurveda: … कुम्भकेन स्थिरं कृत्वा हुंका - (…kumbhakena sthiraṃ kṛtvā huṃkā-) रेण विसर्जयेत् । (.) इत्यभ्यासक्रिया कार्या धन्विना सिद्धिमिच्छता (reṇa visarjayet. ityabhyāsakriyā kāryā dhanvinā siddhimicchatā). [II. Tatpur. 1. m. f. n. ( - सः (-saḥ)- सा - सम् (-saḥ-sā-sam) ) The same as अभ्याश (abhyāśa) which is the more correct form. 2. m. ( - सः (-saḥ) ) 1 Result, consequence; e. g. Chhānd. Up.: स य एतमेवं विद्वानादित्यं ब्रह्मेत्युपास्तेऽभ्यासो ह यदेनं साध - (sa ya etamevaṃ vidvānādityaṃ brahmetyupāste'bhyāso ha yadenaṃ sādha-) वो घोषा आ च गच्छेयुरुप च निम्रेडेरन्निम्रेडेरन् (vo ghoṣā ā ca gaccheyurupa ca nimreḍerannimreḍeran) (ed. Röer p. 232); or आत्मानमन्तत उपसृत्य स्तुवीत कामं ध्यायन्नप्रमत्तो (ātmānamantata upasṛtya stuvīta kāmaṃ dhyāyannapramatto) ' भ्यासो ह यदस्मै स कामः समृध्येत ('bhyāso ha yadasmai sa kāmaḥ samṛdhyeta) &c. (ed. Röer p. 49).-- See अभ्याश (abhyāśa) 3. 2 Neighbourhood, vicinity; e. g. Mahābh. Ādip.: रोरूयमाणस्याभ्यासे भृशं विप्रस्य पाण्डवः (rorūyamāṇasyābhyāse bhṛśaṃ viprasya pāṇḍavaḥ) &c.; or Vanap.: तत्राभ्यासस्थोऽपि कश्चिन्नापश्यत्; (tatrābhyāsastho'pi kaścinnāpaśyat;) or Rāmāy.: अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) त्वरमाणश्च रथाभ्यासं मनीषिणः (tvaramāṇaśca rathābhyāsaṃ manīṣiṇaḥ) &c.; or Daśakum.: अदर्शं (adarśaṃ) च मार्गाभ्यासवर्तिनः कस्यापि क्षपणविहारस्य (ca mārgābhyāsavartinaḥ kasyāpi kṣapaṇavihārasya) &c.--In both meanings the writing अभ्याश (abhyāśa) which occurs, too, in some Mss. of the passages quoted, is more correct. See the remark under the latter word, also as regards the masc. gender of the second meaning.] E. अस् (as) with अभि, (abhi,) kṛt aff. घञ् (ghañ). [ ID=6766 ]
- 1. Repetition, practice, habit, or custom. 2. Study, reciting, or learning by heart. 3. In grammar, reduplication or the first syllable of a reduplicated radical. 4. In poetry, repetition of the last verses of a stanza. 5. Multiplication in arithmetic.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 0072-a ] Abhy-āsa, as, m. repetition; practice, military practice, permanent or repeated exercise, discipline, use, habit, custom; repeated reading, reciting, study; learning by heart; education; practising archery; (in grammar) repeating twice, reduplication; the first syllable of a reduplicated radical; (in poetry) repeti- tion of the last verses of a stanza; (in arithmetic) multiplication: see also under abhy-aś. —Abhyāsa- gata, as, ā, am, approached, gone near (see abhy-āśa above). —Abhyāsa-tā, f. constant practice, use, habit. —Abhyāsa-nimitta, am, n. the cause of the redupli- cation in grammar. —Abhyāsa-parivartin, ī, inī, i, wandering about or near, for abhyāśa°. —Abhyāsa- yoga, as, m. the practice of frequent and repeated meditation on any deity or on abstract spirit, re- peated recollection. —Abhyāsa-vyavāya, as, m. in- terval caused by the reduplication-syllable. [ ID=5174 ]

### Practice, Exercise, Habit, Custom (5 definitions)
- repeated exercise, habit, or custom  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > repeated or permanent exercise, discipline, use, habit, custom [ ID=13347 ]
- military practice  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > military practice, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=13349 ]
- 1. Practice or exercise. 2. Learning by rote. 3. Practising archery. 4. Multiplication. 5. The reduplicate syllable of a verb. 6. Near or proximate.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 058 ] अभ्यास (abhyāsa) m. ( - सः (-saḥ) ) 1 Practice, exercise. 2 Learning by rote. 3 Practising archery. 4 (In arithmetic,) Multiplication. 5 (In grammar,) The reduplicate syllable of a verb. mfn. ( - सः (-saḥ)- सा - सं (-saḥ-sā-saṃ) ) Near, proximate. E. अभि (abhi) before, अस (asa) to go, &c. घञ् (ghañ) aff. [ ID=2734 ]
- 1. Practice, learning by heart, or multiplication. 2. Near.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 045-a ] अभ्या _ स (abhyā_sa) ( सः ) ((saḥ)) 1. m. Practice; learning by heart; multiplication. a. Near. [ ID=2248 ]
- 1. Practice or exercise. 2. Learning by rote. 3. Practicing archery. 4. Multiplication. 5. The reduplicate syllable of a verb. 6. Near or proximate.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 048-a ] अभ्यास (abhyāsa) m. ( - सः (-saḥ) ) 1. Practice, exercise. 2. Learning by rote. 3. Practicing archery. 4. (In arithmetic,) Multiplication. 5. (In grammar,) The reduplicate syllable of a verb. mfn. ( - सः (-saḥ)- सा - सं (-saḥ-sā-saṃ) ) Near, proximate. E. अभि (abhi) before अस (asa) to go, &c. घञ् (ghañ) aff. [ ID=2732 ]

### Etymological or Referential Information (2 definitions)
- See the root aś and as.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 77,3] अभ्य् - (abhy-) आस (abhy-āsa) a See ( अभ्य् - (abhy-) √ 1. अश् (aś) and) 2. अभ्य् - (abhy-) √ 2. अस् (as). [ ID=13473 ]
- See 2 abhyas.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > [Printed book page 0072-c ] अभ्यास (abhyāsa) abhy-āsa. See 2. abhy-as. [ ID=5243 ]

### Grammatical Reduplication and Related Terms (2 definitions)
- the first syllable of a reduplicated radical  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in Gr. ) ‘what is prefixed’, the first syllable of a reduplicated radical, Pāṇini (Author) [ ID=13342 ]
- reduplication  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > reduplication, Nirukta, by Yāska (Title) [ ID=13343 ]

### Philosophical or Religious Practice/Doctrine (2 definitions)
- inculcation of a truth conveyed in sacred writings through repetition of the same word or passage  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in later Vedānta phil. ) inculcation of a truth conveyed in sacred writings by means of repeating the same word or the same passage [ ID=13350 ]
- the effort of the mind to remain in its unmodified condition of purity  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in Yoga phil. ) the effort of the mind to remain in its unmodified condition of purity (sattva). [ ID=13351 ]

### Repetition (2 definitions)
- repetition  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > repetition, Manu-smṛti (Title) xii, 74, &c. [ ID=13344 ]
- repetition of the last verse of a stanza or the last word of a chapter  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in poetry) repetition of the last verse of a stanza [ Nirukta, by Yāska (Title) ] or of the last word of a chapter [ Comm. on Aitareya-brāhmaṇa (Title) ] [ ID=13345 ]

### Study and Learning (2 definitions)
- repeated reading, study  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > [Printed book page 77,1] repeated reading, study [ ID=13348 ]
- study  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > अभ्यास (abhyāsa) [Printed book page 119-b ] abhyāsa, m. study. [ √2as + abhi, q. v. ] [ ID=340 ]

### Act of Adding (General) (1 definition)
- the act of adding anything  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > 2. अभ्य् - आस (abhy-āsa) m. the act of adding anything, Śulba-sūtra (Literary category) [ ID=13341 ]

### Mathematical Multiplication (1 definition)
- multiplication  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in arithm. ) multiplication [ ID=13346 ]

### Proximity, Vicinity, Pervasion (1 definition)
- reaching to, pervading  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 76,3] अभ्य् - आश (abhy-āśa), अस् (as), m. (also written 1. अभ्य् - आस (abhy-āsa) ), reaching to, pervading, Yājñavalkya (Author) iii, 114 [ ID=13324.7 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Goldstücker Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546