# अदिति (aditi)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/aditi

अदिति (aditi) is a Sanskrit word meaning destitution, a devourer or death, free or not tied, boundless, unbroken, or entire, happy, freedom, security. Its 37 recorded definitions are grouped into 11 contexts, among them The Goddess Aditi (Primordial Deity, Mother of Gods, Personified Infinity, Mythology), Destitution or Poverty, Abstract Qualities (Freedom, Boundlessness, Infinity, Wholeness).

- **Roots:** अद् (ad), 4. दा (4. dā), 3. दा (3. dā)
- **Etymology:** E. अ neg. दा to give, and दिति affix, not giving pain; or अ, and दो to cut or break, क्तिच् aff — E. a neg. dā to give, and diti affix, not giving pain; or a, and do to cut or break, ktic aff
- **SLP1:** `aditi`  **IAST:** aditi  **Devanagari:** अदिति
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aditi
- **Declensions:** 72 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/aditi/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### The Goddess Aditi (Primordial Deity, Mother of Gods, Personified Infinity, Mythology) (18 definitions)
- boundlessness, perfection, and the name of an ancient Indian goddess who represents infinite expanse  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > boundlessness, immensity, inexhaustible abundance, unimpaired condition, perfection, creative power, N. of one of the most ancient of the Indian goddesses (‘Infinity’ or the ‘Eternal and Infinite Expanse’, often mentioned in RV., daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Kaśyapa, mother of the Ādityas and of the gods) [ ID=3690 ]
- 1. The earth. 2. The goddess Aditi. 3. Freedom, security, and boundless space. 4. Inexhaustible abundance and perfection. 5. The lunar mansion called Punarvasu. 6. Speech. 7. A cow. 8. Milk.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तिः (tiḥ) f. [ न दातुं शक्तिः (tiḥ) (na dātuṃ śaktiḥ) ] 2 [ दातुं छेत्तुं अयोग्या (dātuṃ chettuṃ ayogyā) ] ( a ) The earth. ( b ) The goddess Aditi, mother of the Ādityas, in mythology represented as the mother of gods; see further on. ( c ) Freedom, security; boundlessness, immensity of space ( opp. to the earth). ( d ) Inexhaustible abundance, perfection. ( e ) The lunar mansion called पुनर्वसु (punarvasu). ( f ) Speech; या प्राणेन (yā prāṇena) संभवत्यदितिर्देवतामयी (saṃbhavatyaditirdevatāmayī) ( शब्दादीनां अदनात् अदितिः (tiḥ) (śabdādīnāṃ adanāt aditiḥ) Śaṅkara ). ( g ) A cow. ( h ) Milk; wife (?)
- Heaven and earth  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ती (tī) ( dual ) Heaven and earth. [ अदिति (aditi) literally means ‘unbounded’, ‘the boundless Heaven,’ or, according to others, ‘the visible infinite, the endless expanse beyond the earth, beyond the clouds, beyond the sky.’ According to Yāska अदिति (aditi) रदीना देवमाता (aditiradīnā devamātā), and the verse beginning with अदिति (aditi) र्द्यौः (aditirdyauḥ) &c. ( pb ) Ṛgveda (Max Müller’s Edition) 1. 89. 16 he interprets by taking अदिति (aditi) to mean अदीन (adīna) i. e. अनुपक्षीण, न ह्येषां (anupakṣīṇa, na hyeṣāṃ) क्षयोस्ति इति (kṣayosti iti). In the Ṛgveda Aditi is frequently implored ‘for blessings on children and cattle, for protection and for forgiveness’. She is called ‘Devamātā’ being strangely enough represented both as mother and daughter of Dakṣa. She had 8 sons; she approached the gods with 7 and cast away the 8th (Mārtaṇḍa, the sun.) In another place Aditi is addressed as ‘supporter of the sky, sustainer of the earth, sovereign of this world, wife of Viṣṇu’, but in the Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa and Purāṇas, Vishṇu is said to be the son of Aditi, one of the several daughters of Dakṣa and given in marriage to Kaśyapa by whom she was mother of Viṣṇu in his dwarf incarnation, and also of Indra, and she is called mother of gods and the gods her sons, ‘aditinandanas’; See Dakṣa and Kaśyapa also]
- 1. Infinite. 2. Infinity. 3. The mother of the gods.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अदिति (aditi) 2. á-diti, a. infinite; f. infinity; N. of the mother of the gods. [ ID=914 ]
- 1. The mother of the gods. 2. The earth. 3. Being entire.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अ (a) दिति (diti) (aditi) [Printed book page 020 ] अ (a) दिति (diti) (aditi) f. ( - ति (-ti).) 1 The daughter of DAKṢA, wife of KAŚYAPA, and mother of the gods. 2 The earth. 3 Being entire. E. अ (a) neg. दा (dā) to give, and दिति (diti) affix, not giving pain; or अ (a), and दो (do) to cut or break, क्तिच् (ktic) aff. [ ID=914 ]
- 1. The mother of the gods. 2. The earth.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 016-b ] अदिति (aditi) ( तिः ) ((tiḥ)) 2. f. The mother of the gods; the earth. [ ID=752 ]
- 1. The mother of the gods. 2. A cow. 3. The earth. 4. Speech.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 013-10 ] अदिति (aditi) f. 1. The mother of gods; 2. a cow; 3. the earth; 4. Speech. [ ID=794 ]
- 1. The mythological mother of the gods. 2. The earth. 3. Wholeness.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अ (a) दिति (diti) (aditi) [Printed book page 017-a ] अ (a) दिति (diti) (aditi) f. ( - तिः (-tiḥ) ) 1. The daughter of DAKSHA, wife of KASYAPA, and mother of the gods. 2. The earth. 3. Being entire. E. अ (a) neg. दा (dā) to give, and दिति (diti) affix, not giving pain; or अ (a), दो (a, do) to cut or break. क्तिच् (ktic) aff. [ ID=912 ]
- 1. A female deity. 2. The mother of the gods.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 0013-b ] अदिति (aditi) a-diti, f. The name of a fe- male deity, Chr. 298, 25 = Rigv. 1, 112, 25; the mother of the gods, Rām. 3, 20, 15. [ ID=231 ]
- 1. Boundless and infinite. 2. Infinity.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > 2 अदिति (aditi) a. boundless, unlimited, infinite; f. infinity, person, as the other of the gods. [ ID=756 ]
- 1. The earth. 2. A cow. 3. Speech. 4. The mother of the gods. 5. Heaven and earth. 6. Death.  
  *Goldstücker Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > [Printed book page 048-a ] अ (a) दिति (diti) (aditi) is in the Vedas often used as an epithet of Indra, the Maruts and Agni, but it becomes personified especially in 2. f. ( - तिः (-tiḥ) ) which in the Vedas means 1 the earth, 2 a cow, 3 speech; but especially 4 Aditi, the first goddess of the intermediate space or air, the mother of the Gods, who at a later period was considered as the daughter of Daksha and wife of Kaśyapa, as the sister of Agastya and as the mother of the twelve Ādityas, of the eight Vasus, eleven Rudras and two Aśvins, besides of the thirty-six Tushitas. --Aditi is in a still later time also an appellative of Durgā. 3. f. du. ( - ती (-tī) ) (In the Vedas.) Heaven and earth. E. अ (a) priv. and दिति (diti). III. m. ( - तिः (-tiḥ) ) A name of Mṛtyu, the god of Death; literally: the eater or devourer. (This meaning of the word occurs only in a commentary of an Upanishad and is rather doubtful.) E. अ (a) द् (ad) (uṇ. aff. ति ? (ti?) ). [ ID=1632 ]
- 1. Without limit or infinite. 2. Infinity, the endless heaven, or the goddess Aditi.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 114-b ] áditi, a. without bond or limit; infinite; as f. infinity, the endless heaven, 79 19; infinity, personified as a goddess, Aditi, 75 8. [apparently a + *diti, acct, 1304a 2 : diti, ‘bond,’ would be a reg. deriv. of √3dā, ‘bind,’ but does not occur as such, although there is a word díti, q. v., of quite different mg and origin.] [ ID=126 ]
- 1. Free, boundless, entire, happy, or pious. 2. Freedom, security, immensity, abundance, perfection, or creative power. 3. Aditi, the mother of the gods. 4. A cow, wife, milk, the earth, or speech.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > अदिति (aditi) 3. a-diti, is, is, i (rt. 4. dā or do, dyati; for 1. a-diti, see above), not tied, free; bound- less; unbroken, entire, unimpaired; happy; pious; ( is ), f. freedom, security, safety; boundlessness, immensity; inexhaustible abundance; unimpaired condition, per- fection; creative power; Aditi, the mother of the Ādityas, or of the gods; a cow; a wife; milk; the earth; speech (as symbols of the above ideas). —Aditī, du., Ved. heaven and earth. —Aditi-ja or aditi- nandana, as, m. a son of Aditi, an Āditya, a divine being. —Aditi-tva, am, n. the condition of Aditi, or of freedom, unbrokenness, &c. [ ID=1018 ]
- Aditi was daughter of Daksha and wife of Kashyapa.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > [Printed book page 1181-a ] 3. a-diti; add — Aditi was daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Kaśyapa. [ ID=54582 ]
- one of the thirteen daughters of Daksha married to Kashyapa and mother of the twelve Adityas  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 013-1 ] Aditi 1, one of the thirteen daughters of Dakṣa, who were married to Kaśyapa; by him she is mother of the twelve Ādityas. § 87 (Aṃśāv.): I, 65, 2520.—§ 88 (do.): 65, 2522.—§ 120 (do.): 66, 2600.—§ 190 (Pāṇḍavotp.): 123, 4795.—§ 253 (Haraṇāhar.): 221, 8040.—§ 270 (Lokapālas.): II, 11, 456 (in the palace of Brahmán).—§ 317 (Arjunā- bhigamanap.): III, 12, 484.—§ 413 (Tīrthayātrāp.): III, 135, 10694 (at the Maināka mountain she in order to have a son “cooked that food,” according to Nīl. “brahmaudanam for the Sādhyas,” quoting Taitt. S. 6. 5. 6. 1, cf. XII, 13218—9, infra ).—§ 515 (Ghoṣayātrāp.): 254, 15264.—§ 524 Page013-b+ 63 (Viṣṇu): 272, 15839 (she bore Viṣṇu after having been pregnant 1000 years).—§ 548 (Āraṇeyap.): 315, 17461.— § 561 (Yānasandhip.): V, 48, 1887 (Naraka Bhauma in Prāgjyotiṣa having robbed her ear-drops set with jewels, they are reconquered by Kṛṣṇa).—§ 564 (Mātalīyop.): 98, 3534; 104, 3689.—§ 565 (Gālavac.): 117, 3971.—§ 608 (Karṇap.): VIII, 68, 3393.—§ 615 u (Skanda): IX, 45, 2515 ( devamātā : present at the anointing of Skanda).—§ 637 (Rājadh.): XII, 43, 1504 ( Adityāḥ saptadhā tvan tu purāṇe garbhatāṃ gataḥ, i.e. Kṛṣṇa; explained by Nīl. to mean, ( a ) two births, viz., the Āditya Viṣṇu and the Dwarf, from Aditi herself, and ( b ) Pṛśnigarbha, the three Rāmas, and Kṛṣṇa, from Pṛśni and other manifestations of Aditi; it, however, seems more probable that here is an allusion to the older conception of seven Ādityas); 47 θ, 1626 ( hiraṇyavarṇaṃ yaṃ garbham Aditir Daityanāśanaṃ ekaṃ dvādaśadhā jajñe, tasmai Sūryāt- mane namaḥ, i.e. Kṛṣṇa).—§ 664 (Mokṣadh.): 207, 7543; 340, 12945, 12955.—§ 717 (Nārāyaṇīya): 343, 13218—19: “Aditi cooked food for the gods, hoping that, having eaten it, they would kill the Asuras; there Budha…said to her, ‘Give me alms’; she, saying that it was only to be eaten by the gods, gave him nothing, wherefore he cursed her, saying that she would have a pain— vyathā —in her womb; in the second birth—as an egg—of Vivasvat, the egg of his mother Aditi was killed” (so B.); therefore Vivasvat Śrāddhadeva became Mārttaṇḍa. Cf. also § 746 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 83, 3904, v. infra.—§ 719 (Ānuśās.): 1, 55 ( Vasavo 'ditiḥ, v. Āditya 4 ).—§ 746 (do.): XIII, 83, 3904 (she is said to have, in the devayuga, when pregnant with Viṣṇu, exercised self- tortures, standing on one foot in order to have a son).—§ 768 (do.): 146, 6752 ( Kaśyapasya ).—Cf. Devamātṛ, Śiva. [ ID=173 ]
- a manifestation of Shiva  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > Aditi 3, the same conceived as a manifestation of Śiva (q.v., 1000 names 2 ). [ ID=175 ]
- 1. A daughter of Daksha and wife of Kashyapa. 2. Mother of Vamana-Hari and the twelve Adityas. 3. A mother goddess and part of Mother Earth.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 1-044 ] Aditi (I) — a daughter of Dakṣa and a wife of Kaśyapa. 1 Mother of Vāmana-Hari and other gods. 2 Was much con- cerned at the evacuation of Amarāvati by gods, and informed her husband of her grief. Kaśyapa consoled her saying that it was all Hari's māyā and everything would be rectified by His aid. Asked to the means of approaching Hari, Kaśyapa taught her the Payovrata. Observed the vrata for twelve days as directed. Hari heard her prayers, promised to be born in her womb to protect her sons, and desired that she should keep it a secret. She soon waited on Kaśyapa and became pregnant with Hari. Then Hari was praised by Brahmā. 3 Birth of the Lord described. 4 Changed before her into a boy-brahmacārin. 5 Worshipped for food and other things, while her sons the Ādityas are prayed to for attainment of heaven. 6 Her desire was fulfilled by Vāmana. Pleased with his anointing, gods sent their praises to Aditi on the exploits of Vāmana. 7 Kṛṣna took back the Kuṇḍalas which had been taken away by Naraka, and Satyabhāmā in her Lord's company bowed to Aditi and handed over the Kuṇḍalas. At this Aditi embraced her daughter-in-law. 8 Prajāpati caused the tejas of the aṇḍam in her garbha, and removing it at the request of gods, made it into two pieces, and finding it weak, placed it on the lap of the Sun- god (Mārtāṇḍa): given to dharma. 9 A part of Mother Earth. 10 A mother goddess. 11 Worshipped in housebuilding. 12 Mother of the 12 Ādityas the former Jayadevas. 13 Known for strength. 14 Page1-045+ 30 [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. IX. 1. 10; VI. 6. 25; Br. II. 33. 17; III. 3. 56, 117; 71. 200; Vi. I. 15. 124; III. 1. 42.] [ Footnote: 2) Bhā. VIII. 13. 6; VI. 6. 38-39; VI. 18. 9; X. 3. 42; M. 172. 5; 178. 20; Vā., 96. 196; 97, 23.] [ Footnote: 3) Bhā. VIII. ch. 16 & 17.] [ Footnote: 4) Bhā. VIII. 18. 1-11; Br. III. 72. 22; 73. 75.] [ Footnote: 5) Bhā. VIII. 18. 12.] [ Footnote: 6) Ib. VIII. 18. 13-19; II. 3. 4; M. 171. 55-8.] [ Footnote: 7) Ib. VIII. 23. 4, 21, 27; M. 244. 9-48; 245. 63; 246. 58.] [ Footnote: 8) Bhā. X. 59. 38; Ib. [65 (v) 6-10]; Vi. V. 29. 11, 35; 30 (whole).] [ Footnote: 9) Br. III. 7. 277-94, 465.] [ Footnote: 10) Br. III. 71. 238; M. 6. 1. 5; 11. 2; 47. 9; 146. 18; 154. 351; 171. 29.] [ Footnote: 11) M. 179. 15.] [ Footnote: 12) M. 253. 27.] [ Footnote: 13) Br. III. 4. 34; Vā. 66. 55; 60. 65.] [ Footnote: 14) Vā. 69. 92. Br. II. 13. 79.] [ ID=325 ]
- born of Daksha and parent of Vivasvan  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 1-045 ] Aditi (II) — born of Dakṣa and son was Vivasvān. Vi. IV. 1. 6. [ ID=326 ]

### Destitution or Poverty (5 definitions)
- destitution  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 18,2] 1. अ - दिति (a-diti) f. having nothing to give, destitution, RV. [ ID=3674 ]
- Inability to give or poverty  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तिः (tiḥ) f. [ न दातुं शक्तिः (tiḥ) (na dātuṃ śaktiḥ) ] 1 Inability to give, poverty
- want, penury  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 009-1 ] अदिति (aditi) 1. á-diti, f. want, penury. [ ID=913 ]
- want, indigence  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 011 ] 1 अदिति (aditi) f. want, indigence. [ ID=755 ]
- destitution  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 0018-b ] 1. a-diti, is, f., Ved. having nothing to give, desti- tution; for 2. aditi, 3. a-diti, see below. [ ID=1007 ]

### Abstract Qualities (Freedom, Boundlessness, Infinity, Wholeness) (4 definitions)
- 1. Free or not tied. 2. Boundless, unbroken, or entire. 3. Happy.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > 3. अ - दिति (a-diti) mfn. (√ 4. दा (dā) or दो (do), द्यति (dyati); for 1. अ - दिति (a-diti) See above), not tied, free, Ṛg-veda (Title) vii, 52, 1, boundless, unbroken, entire, unimpaired, happy, Ṛg-veda (Title); VS. [ ID=3689 ]
- freedom, security  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > अ - दिति (a-diti) f. freedom, security, safety [ ID=3689.1 ]
- Free, boundless, entire, happy, or pious  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अदिति (aditi) [Printed book page 0041-a ] अदिति (aditi) a. [ न दीयते खंड्यते बध्यते (na dīyate khaṃḍyate badhyate) बृहत्त्वात्, दो - क्तिच् (bṛhattvāt, do-ktic) ] Free, not tied; boundless, unlimited, inexhaustible; entire, unbroken; happy, pious (mostly Ved. in all these senses)
- 1. Entireness or being unbroken. 2. Exemption from defect or misery. 3. The full creative power of the Prajapati. 4. Unbroken or unhurt. 5. Free from misery or happy. 6. Pious or holy.  
  *Goldstücker Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > अ (a) दिति (diti) (aditi) [Printed book page 047-b ] अ (a) दिति (diti) (aditi) I. Tatpur. f. ( - तिः (-tiḥ) ) 1 Entireness, the being unbroken or unhurt. 2 Exemption from defect or misery. 3 The full or unbroken creative power of the Prajāpati. E. अ (a) neg. and दिति (diti). II. Bahuvr. I. m. f. ( - तिः (-tiḥ)- तिः (-tiḥ) (-tiḥ-tiḥ) ) 1 Unbroken, unhurt. 2 Free from misery, happy. 3 Pious, holy. As Bahuvr. [ ID=1631 ]

### Devourer or Death (3 definitions)
- a devourer or death  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 18,2] 2. अदिति (aditi) m. (√ अद् (ad) ), devourer i.e. death, BṛĀrUp. [ ID=3688 ]
- Devourer or death  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तिः (tiḥ) [ अत्ति प्राणिजातं; अद् - इतिच् (atti prāṇijātaṃ; ad-itic) ] 1 Devourer i. e. death; यद्यदेवासृजत (yadyadevāsṛjata) तत्तदत्तुमध्रियत, सर्वं वा अत्तीति तददितेरदितित्वं (tattadattumadhriyata, sarvaṃ vā attīti tadaditeradititvaṃ) Bṛ. Ār. Up
- 1. A devourer. 2. Death.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > अदिति (aditi) 2. aditi, is, m. (fr. rt. ad ), Ved. devourer, i. e. death; for 1. a-diti, see above. [ ID=1017 ]

### A Cow or Milk (1 definition)
- A cow or milk.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a cow, milk, RV. [ ID=3691 ]

### Cross-reference / Navigational Entry (1 definition)
- See below.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > for 2. अदिति (aditi), 3. अ - दिति (a-diti) See below. [ ID=3675 ]

### Epithet of a Deity/God (1 definition)
- An epithet of God  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तिः (tiḥ) [ अत्ति प्राणिजातं; अद् - इतिच् (atti prāṇijātaṃ; ad-itic) ] 2 An epithet of God

### Heaven and Earth (Dual Aditī) (1 definition)
- heaven and earth  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > अ - दिति (a-diti) f. du. heaven and earth, Naigh. [ ID=3694 ]

### Sickness Demon / Malevolent Aspect (1 definition)
- identified with a sickness demon  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > [Printed book page 013-2 ] Aditi 2, the same identified with a sickness demon. § 522 ( Manuṣyagrah. ): III, 230, 14482 ( Aditiṃ Revatīṃ prāhur, grahas tasyās tu Raivataḥ|so' pi bālān mahāghoro bādhate vai mahāgrahaḥ ). [ ID=174 ]

### Speech (Vāc) (1 definition)
- speech  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > speech, Naigh. ( cf. Ṛg-veda (Title) viii, 101, 15 ) [ ID=3693 ]

### The Earth (1 definition)
- the earth  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the earth, Naigh. [ ID=3692 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Goldstücker Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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