# आत्मन् (ātman)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/atman

आत्मन् (ātman) is a Sanskrit word meaning the breath, the soul, principle of life and sensation, the individual soul, self, or abstract individual, essence, nature, character, peculiarity, the body, the understanding, intellect, or mind. Its 158 recorded definitions are grouped into 17 contexts, among them Actions, States, or Qualities Primarily Concerning Oneself, Progeny (Son, Daughter, Descendant), Knowledge, Cognition, or Study of Self/Soul/Spirit.

- **Root:** युज् (yuj)
- **Etymology:** E. आङ्, अत to go, मनिन् Unādi aff — E. āṅ, ata to go, manin Unādi aff
- **SLP1:** `Atman`  **IAST:** ātman  **Devanagari:** आत्मन्
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80tman_%28Hinduism%29
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/atman/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### Actions, States, or Qualities Primarily Concerning Oneself (51 definitions)
- 1. Independent. 2. Sentient or existing.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अधीन (adhīna) a. 1 dependent on oneself, independent. 2 sentient. existing. (
- worthy of oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अनुरूप (anurūpa) a. worthy of oneself; Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 1. 18; Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 1. 33
- personal attendance  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अनुगमनं (anugamanaṃ) personal attendance; Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 1. 88
- concealing oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अपहार (apahāra). concealing oneself; कथं वा आत्मापहारं करोति (kathaṃ vā ātmāpahāraṃ karoti) Śakuntalā (Bombay) 1
- an impostor or pretender  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अपहारकः (apahārakaḥ) one who pretends to belong to a higher class than his own, an impostor, a pretender
- self-counselled  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — आदिष्ट (ādiṣṭa) a. self-counselled. (
- a treaty dictated by the party wishing it himself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ष्टः (ṣṭaḥ) ) a treaty dictated by the party wishing it himself; Hitopadeśa (Nirṇaya Sāgara Edition) 4. 121
- dependent on oneself or on one's own mind  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — आश्रय (āśraya) a. dependent on oneself or on his own mind. (
- 1. Self-dependence. 2. Innate idea or abstract knowledge.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — यः (yaḥ) ) 1 self dependence. 2 innate idea, abstract knowledge independent of the thing to be known
- self-possessed or master of self  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ईश्वर (īśvara) a. self-possessed, master of self; आत्मेश्वराणां न हि ज नु (ātmeśvarāṇāṃ na hi ja nu) विघ्नाः समाधिभेदप्रभवो भवंति (vighnāḥ samādhibhedaprabhavo bhavaṃti) Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 3. 40
- self-exaltation or elevation  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — उदयः (udayaḥ) self-exaltation or elevation; Śiśupālavadha 2. 30
- 1. One who lives by his own labor. 2. A day laborer. 3. One who lives by his wife. 4. An actor or public performer.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — उपजीवित् (upajīvit) m. 1 one who lives by his own labour; Manusmṛti 7. 138. 2 a day-labourer. 3 one who lives by his wife ( Kull. on Manusmṛti 8. 362 ). 4 an actor, public performer
- like oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — उपम (upama) a. like oneself. (
- 1. Proud or loving oneself. 2. Loving only Brahma or the Supreme Spirit.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — काम (kāma) a. 1 loving oneself, possessed of selfconceit, proud. 2 loving Brahma or the Supreme spirit only
- one's own business or private affair  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — कार्यं (kāryaṃ) one's own business, private affair
- 1. Done by oneself. 2. Done against one's own self.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — कृत (kṛta) a. 1 self-executed, done by oneself. 2 done against one's own self
- 1. Course of the soul's existence. 2. One's own course.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — गतिः (gatiḥ) f. 1 course of the soul's existence. 2 one's own course. ° गत्या (°gatyā) by one's own act
- selfish, greedy  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ग्राहिन् (grāhin) a. selfish, greedy
- 1. One's own victory. 2. Victory over oneself or self-denial.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — जयः (jayaḥ) 1 one's own victory. 2 victory over oneself, self-denial or abnegation
- self-satisfied  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तुष्टि (tuṣṭi) a. self-satisfied. (
- self-satisfaction  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ष्टिः (ṣṭiḥ) f. ) self. satisfaction
- 1. Self-sacrifice. 2. Suicide.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) 1 self-sacrifice. 2 suicide
- 1. Self-preservation. 2. A bodyguard.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — त्राणं (trāṇaṃ) 1 self-preservation. 2 a bodyguard
- self-sacrifice, resigning oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — दानं (dānaṃ) self-sacrifice, resigning oneself
- being constantly in the heart or greatly endeared  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — निंत्य (niṃtya) a. being constantly in the heart, greatly endeared to oneself
- self-reproach  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — निंदा (niṃdā) self-reproach
- offering oneself as a living sacrifice to the deity  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — निवेदनं (nivedanaṃ) offering oneself (as a living sacrifice to the deity)
- self-illuminated  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — प्रभ (prabha) a. self-illuminated
- self-praise  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — प्रशंसा (praśaṃsā) self-praise
- 1. Self-respecting or respectable. 2. Arrogant or proud.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मानिन् (mānin) a. self respecting, respectable. 2 arrogant, proud
- 1. The plant Indravaruni. 2. Self-protection.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — रक्षा (rakṣā) 1 N. of a plant ( इंद्रवारुणीवृक्ष (iṃdravāruṇīvṛkṣa) ). 2 self-protection
- depending on one's own will  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वश (vaśa) a. depending on one's own will; Manusmṛti 4. 159, 160 ( pb ) (
- 1. Self-control or self-government. 2. Subjection or control over another.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — शः (śaḥ) ) 1 self-control, self-government. 2 one's control, subjection; ° शं नी, ° वशीकृ (°śaṃ nī, °vaśīkṛ) to reduce to subjection, win over
- self-restrained  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वश्य (vaśya) a. having control over self, self-possessed, self-restrained
- sale of oneself or one's own liberty  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — विक्रयः (vikrayaḥ) sale of oneself or one's own liberty; Manusmṛti 11. 60
- self-exaltation  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — विवृद्धिः, - वृद्धिः (vivṛddhiḥ, -vṛddhiḥ) f. self-exaltation
- 1. Mighty, powerful, or strong. 2. Appropriate, suitable, or good for oneself. 3. Existent or sentient.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वीर (vīra) a. 1 mighty, powerful, strong. 2 appropriate, suitable, good for oneself (as diet &c.). 3 existent, sentient. (
- an account of one's own self, or an autobiography  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वृत्तं, - वृत्तांतः (vṛttaṃ, -vṛttāṃtaḥ) account of one's own self, autobiography
- dwelling in soul  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वृत्ति (vṛtti) a. dwelling in Ātman or soul. (
- 1. A state of the heart. 2. One's own state or circumstance. 3. Practising one's own duties or occupation.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — त्तिः (ttiḥ) f. ) 1 state of the heart; Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 5. 76. 2 action as regards oneself, one's own state or circumstance; विस्माययन् (vismāyayan) विस्मितमात्मवृत्तौ (vismitamātmavṛttau) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 2. 33. 3 practising one's own duties or occupation
- self-praise, boasting  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — श्लाघा, - स्तुतिः (ślāghā, -stutiḥ) f. self-praise, boasting, bragging
- self-restraint  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — संयमः (saṃyamaḥ) self-restraint
- dwelling in oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — सद् (sad) a. Ved. dwelling in oneself
- self-sufficient  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — संतुष्ट (saṃtuṣṭa) a. self-sufficient
- worthy of oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — सम (sama) a. worthy of oneself, equal to oneself; Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 3. 13
- 1. Internal or personal doubt. 2. Personal risk or danger.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — संदेहः (saṃdehaḥ) 1 internal or personal doubt. 2 risk of life, personal risk
- 1. self-possessed. 2. talented, intelligent.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — संपन्न (saṃpanna) a. 1 self-possessed. 2 talented, intelligent; Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 18. 18
- self-aggrandizement  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — सिद्धिः (siddhiḥ) f. self-aggrandizement
- self-delighted  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मुख (mukha) a. self-delighted. (
- beneficial to oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — हित (hita) a. beneficial to oneself. (
- one's own good or welfare  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तं (taṃ) ) one's own good or welfare. [ ID=6115 ]

### Progeny (Son, Daughter, Descendant) (16 definitions)
- a son  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a son, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author); [ ID=23472 ]
- A son  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 13 A son; आत्मा वै पुत्रनामासि (ātmā vai putranāmāsi)
- 1. A son. 2. A wife's brother. 3. A jester in dramatic literature.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नः (naḥ) ) 1 a son. 2 a wife's brother. 3 the jester or विदूषक (vidūṣaka) (in dramatic literature)
- 1. A son. 2. Cupid. 3. Sorrow or pain.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वः (vaḥ) ) 1 a son; Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 18. 12. 2 Cupid. 3 sorrow, pain. (
- 1. A daughter. 2. Intellect. 3. A plant, Mashparni.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वा (vā) ) 1 a daughter. 2 intellect. 3 N. of a plant ( माष्पर्णी (māṣparṇī).)
- a son  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मः (maḥ) ) a son
- born  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — जः, - जन्मन् (jaḥ, -janman) m
- 1. A son. 2. Cupid. 3. A descendant.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — जातः, प्रभवः (jātaḥ, prabhavaḥ), संभवः (saṃbhavaḥ) 1 a son; तमात्मजन्मानमजं (tamātmajanmānamajaṃ) चकार (cakāra) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 5. 36 : तत्यामात्मानुरूपायामात्मजन्मसमुत्मुकः (tatyāmātmānurūpāyāmātmajanmasamutmukaḥ) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 1. 33; Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 1; Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 6. 28. 2 Cupid. 3 a descendant
- 1. A daughter. 2. The reasoning faculty or understanding.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — जा (jā) 1 a daughter; वंद्यं युगं (vaṃdyaṃ yugaṃ) चरणयोर्जनकात्मजा (jā) याः (caraṇayorjanakātmajāyāḥ) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 13. 78; cf. नगात्मजा (jā) (nagātmajā) &c. 2 the reasoning faculty, understanding
- 1. A daughter. 2. Talent or understanding.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — भूः (bhūḥ) f. ) 1 a daughter. 2 talent, understanding
- 1. A son. 2. Cupid.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तः (taḥ) ) 1 a son. 2 Cupid. (
- 1. A daughter. 2. Talent.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ता (tā) ) 1 a daughter. 2 talent
- 1. A son. 2. A wife's brother. 3. A jester in dramas.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — रः (raḥ) ) 1 a son. 2 wife's brother. 3 a jester (in dramas)
- origin, birth, or production  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — संभवः (saṃbhavaḥ)
- 1. A son. 2. Cupid, the god of love. 3. An epithet of Brahma, Vishnu, or Shiva. 4. The Supreme Being.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — समुद्भवः (samudbhavaḥ) 1 a son; चकार नाम्ना (cakāra nāmnā) रघुमात्मसंभवं (raghumātmasaṃbhavaṃ) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 3. 21, 11. 57, 17. 8. 2 Cupid, god of love. 3 epithet of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, or Śiva. 4 the Supreme being ( परमात्मन् (paramātman) ). (
- 1. A daughter. 2. Understanding or intellect.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वा (vā) ) 1 a daughter. 2 understanding, intellect

### Knowledge, Cognition, or Study of Self/Soul/Spirit (14 definitions)
- 1. Seeking spiritual knowledge. 2. Delighted in oneself.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — आराम (ārāma) a. 1 striving to get knowledge (as an ascetic or योगिन् (yogin) ), seeking spiritual knowledge; आत्मारामा विहितरतयां (ātmārāmā vihitaratayāṃ) निर्विकल्पे समाधौ (nirvikalpe samādhau) Veṇīsaṃhāra 1. 23. 2 self-pleased, delighted in self; Bhartṛhari’s three Śatakas (the figures 1., 2., 3. after Bh. denoting Śṛṅgāraº, Nītiº, and Vairāgyaº) 3. 93; cf. Bhagavadgītā (Bombay) 5. 24
- Name of a text treating of the supreme spirit  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — उपनिषद् (upaniṣad) f. N. of an उपनिषद् (upaniṣad) which treats of the supreme spirit
- a sage, one who knows himself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ज्ञः, विद् (jñaḥ, vid) m. a sage, one who knows himself
- 1. Self-knowledge. 2. Spiritual knowledge or knowledge of the supreme spirit. 3. True wisdom.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ज्ञानं (jñānaṃ) 1 self-knowledge. 2 spiritual knowledge, knowledge of the soul or the supreme spirit; Manusmṛti 12. 85, 92. 3 true wisdom
- 1. The true nature of the soul or the supreme spirit. 2. The highest thing.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तत्त्वं (tattvaṃ) 1 the true nature of the soul or the supreme spirit. 2 the highest thing. ° ज्ञः (°jñaḥ) a sage versed in the Vedānta doctrines
- 1. Seeing oneself. 2. Spiritual knowledge or true wisdom.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — दर्शनं (darśanaṃ) 1 seeing oneself. 2 spiritual knowledge, true wisdom; Yājñavalkya (Mr. Mandlik’s Edition) 3. 157; cf. Manusmṛti 12. 91
- one who constantly seeks spiritual knowledge  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — निष्ठ (niṣṭha) a. ( pb ) one who constantly seeks for spiritual knowledge
- Name of a work elucidating the Upanishads consisting of 18 chapters  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — पुराणं (purāṇaṃ) N. of a work elucidating the Upaniṣads (consisting of 18 chapters)
- 1. Self-consciousness. 2. The title of an Upanishad.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — प्रबोधः (prabodhaḥ) 1 cognition of the soul; self-consciousness. 2 title of an उपनिषद् (upaniṣad)
- conversation about the supreme spirit  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — प्रवादः (pravādaḥ) conversation about the supreme spirit
- 1. Spiritual knowledge. 2. Knowledge of self.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — बोधः (bodhaḥ) 1 spiritual knowledge. 2 knowledge of self
- 1. Sacrificing for oneself. 2. A learned person who studies the nature of the self and soul to attain eternal bliss, viewing all beings equally.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — याजिन् (yājin) 1 sacrificing for oneself or himself. ( — m. ) a learned man who studies his own nature and that of the soul (of others) to secure eternal felicity, one who looks upon all beings as self; सर्वभूतेषु (sarvabhūteṣu) चात्मानं सर्वभूतानि चात्मनि । समं पश्यन्नात्मयाजी (cātmānaṃ sarvabhūtāni cātmani. samaṃ paśyannātmayājī) स्वाराज्यमधिगछति (svārājyamadhigachati); Manusmṛti 12. 91
- 1. A wise man or sage. 2. Knowing oneself. 3. An epithet of Shiva.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — विद् (vid) m. 1 a wise man, sage; as in तरति शोकमात्मवित् (tarati śokamātmavit). 2 knowing one's own self (family &c.); Śiśupālavadha 2. 116. 3 N. of Śiva
- spiritual knowledge  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — विद्या (vidyā) knowledge of the soul, spiritual knowledge; Manusmṛti 7. 43

### Harm, Detriment, or Negative States Concerning Self/Soul (11 definitions)
- 1. Suicide. 2. Heresy.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — घातः (ghātaḥ) 1 suicide. 2 heresy
- 1. A suicide. 2. A heretic.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — घातकः, घातिन् (ghātakaḥ, ghātin) 1 a suicide, a self-destroyer; Kādambarī (Bombay) 174; व्यापादयेत् वृथात्मानं स्वयं यो ' (vyāpādayet vṛthātmānaṃ svayaṃ yo') ग्न्युदकादिभिः । अवैधेनैव मार्गेण आत्मघाती स (gnyudakādibhiḥ. avaidhenaiva mārgeṇa ātmaghātī sa) उच्यते ॥ (ucyate..). 2 a heretic
- 1. A suicide. 2. A heretic or unbeliever.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — त्यागिन् (tyāgin) m. 1 a suicide; आत्मत्यागित्यो नाशौचोदकभाजनाः (ātmatyāgityo nāśaucodakabhājanāḥ) Yājñavalkya (Mr. Mandlik’s Edition) 3. 6. 2 a heretic, an unbeliever
- corrupting the soul  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — दूषि (dūṣi) a. Ved. corrupting the soul; self-destroying
- 1. Self-tormenting or fretful. 2. A suicide.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — द्रोहिन् (drohin) a. 1 self-tormenting, fretful. 2 a suicide
- one who has lost himself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — पराजित (parājita) a. one who has lost himself ( Ved. )
- self-deceiver  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वंचक (vaṃcaka) a. selfdeceiver
- self-deception  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वंचना (vaṃcanā) self-delusion; selfdeception
- suicide  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वधः, - वध्या, - हत्या (vadhaḥ, -vadhyā, -hatyā). suicide
- 1. One who neglects the welfare of their soul. 2. A self-destroyer or suicide. 3. A heretic or unbeliever. 4. A temple priest or attendant upon an idol.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — हन् (han) a. 1 one who kills his own soul (neglects its welfare &c.). 2 a suicide, self-destroyer. 3 a heretic, unbeliever. 4 a priest in a temple, ( pb ) a servant or attendant upon an idol
- suicide  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — हननं, - हत्या (hananaṃ, -hatyā) suicide

### Supreme Soul, Universal Principle, Brahma, Highest Bliss (11 definitions)
- the highest personal principle of life, Brahma  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the highest personal principle of life, Brahma ( cf. परमा (paramā) त्मन् (tman) ), Atharva-veda (Title) x, 8, 44; Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā (Title) xxxii, 11; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (Title) xiv, &c. [ ID=23467 ]
- The supreme deity and soul of the universe, Brahma.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 3 Supreme deity and soul of the universe, Supreme Soul, Brahma; तस्माद्वा एतस्मादात्मन आकाशः (tasmādvā etasmādātmana ākāśaḥ) संभूतः (saṃbhūtaḥ) Up.; Uttararāmacarita 1. 1; Manusmṛti 1. 15, 12. 24
- self-born, self-existent  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — भू (bhū) a. self-born, self-existent. (
- earth  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — भूः (bhūḥ) )
- 1. An epithet of Brahma. 2. An epithet of Vishnu. 3. An epithet of Shiva. 4. Cupid, the god of love. 5. A son.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — योनिः (yoniḥ) 1 N. of Brahmā; वचस्यवसिते (vacasyavasite) तस्मिन् ससर्ज गिरमात्मभूः (tasmin sasarja giramātmabhūḥ) Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 2. 53, 3. 16, 5. 81. 2 N. of Viṣṇu. 3 of Śiva; Śakuntalā (Bombay) 7. 35. 4 Cupid, god of love; Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 3. 70. 5 a son (
- a portion of the Supreme spirit  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मात्रा (mātrā) a portion of the Supreme spirit
- 1. A brother. 2. Soul or supreme spirit.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मूर्तिः (mūrtiḥ) 1 a brother; भ्राता स्वमूर्तिरात्मनः (bhrātā svamūrtirātmanaḥ) 2 soul, supreme spirit
- the universe  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मूलि (mūli) n. the universe
- born of a vulva or matrix  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — योनिः (yoniḥ) = ° भू (°bhū) ( m. ) q. v. Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 3. 70
- the highest bliss  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — खं (khaṃ) ) the highest bliss
- 1. The Supreme Soul. 2. An epithet of Shiva or Krishna.  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 099-2 ] *Ātman 1 (the Supreme Soul): IX, 2352; do. 2 = Śiva (1000 names 2 ), Kṛṣṇa (XIV, 1491). [ ID=963 ]

### General or Comprehensive Lexicographical Entries (9 definitions)
- 1. Breath, soul, life, or self. 2. Essence, nature, or peculiarity. 3. The body. 4. Intellect or understanding. 5. The universal soul.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 038-2 ] आत्मन् (ātman) ātmán, m. breath; soul; life, self ( sg. = rfl. prn. ); essence, nature, peculiarity; body; intellect, understanding; universal soul. [ ID=3519 ]
- 1. The soul. 2. Natural temperament or disposition. 3. The supreme deity and soul of the universe. 4. Life or spirit. 5. The body. 6. Care or effort. 7. Firmness. 8. The intellect. 9. The mind. 10. The sun. 11. Fire. 12. Wind. 13. A son. 14. The self.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 109 ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. ( - त्मा (-tmā) ) 1 The soul. 2 The natural temperament or disposition. 3 BRAHM, the supreme deity and soul of the universe, or more usually in this sense परमात्मा (paramātmā). 4 Life, spirit, the vivifying soul in opposition to the sentient; commonly also जीवात्मा (jīvātmā). 5 Body. 6 Care, effort, pains. 7 Firmness. 8 The understanding, the intellect. 9 The mind or faculty of reason. 10 The sun. 11 Fire. 12 Wind, air. 13 A son. 14 The self, the abstract individual. E. आङ्, अत (āṅ, ata) to go, मनिन् (manin) Uṇādi aff. [ ID=5262 ]
- The soul, disposition, or self  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 086-b ] आत्मन् (ātman) ( त्मा ) ((tmā)) 5. m. The soul; disposition; self; Brahm. [ ID=4630 ]
- 1. Soul. 2. Brahman or the supreme spirit. 3. Spirit, vitality, or courage. 4. Body. 5. Natural disposition. 6. Understanding. 7. Mind. 8. Faculty of reason. 9. Sun. 10. Fire. 11. Wind. 12. Son. 13. Self. 14. Effort.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 097-26 ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. 1. A soul, आत्मानं रथिनं विद्धि शरीरं रथमेव तु (ātmānaṃ rathinaṃ viddhi śarīraṃ rathameva tu) Katho.; 2. Brahman (n.) i.e. the supreme spirit, e.g. तस्माद्वा एतस्तमादात्मन आकाशः सम्भूतः (tasmādvā etastamādātmana ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ); 3. spirit, vitality, courage; 4. the body, स्थितः सर्वोन्नतेनोर्वीं क्रान्त्वा मेरुरिवात्मना (sthitaḥ sarvonnatenorvīṃ krāntvā merurivātmanā) R. i.14, or भर्तृषूपसखि निक्षिपतीनामात्मनो मधुमदोद्यामितानाम् (bhartṛṣūpasakhi nikṣipatīnāmātmano madhumadodyāmitānām) Kir. ix.66; 5. natural disposition; 6. understanding, तमात्मसम्पन्नमनिन्दितात्मा (tamātmasampannamaninditātmā) R. xviii.18 (where आत्मन् (ātman) is used in senses 5 and 6); 7. the mind, आत्मानमात्मना वेत्सि (ātmānamātmanā vetsi) K.S. ii.10; 8. the faculty of reason; 9. the sun; 10. the fire; 11. wind; 12. a son, e.g. आत्मा वै पुत्रनामासि (ātmā vai putranāmāsi); 13. the self; (used in this sense as a reflexive pronoun and in the singular number and masculine gender, even when it refers to two or more things, or to nouns in different genders, e.g. पुण्य श्रमदर्शनेन तावदात्मानं पुनीमहे (puṇya śramadarśanena tāvadātmānaṃ punīmahe) Sak. i., गुप्तं ददृशुरात्मानं सर्वाः स्वप्नेषु वामनैः (guptaṃ dadṛśurātmānaṃ sarvāḥ svapneṣu vāmanaiḥ) R. x.60, आत्मानं गोपायंति कुलस्त्रियः (ātmānaṃ gopāyaṃti kulastriyaḥ) Bh. where आत्मानम् (ātmānam) refers to a feminine noun in the plural), आत्मानं सततं रक्षेद्वारैरपि धनैरपि (ātmānaṃ satataṃ rakṣedvārairapi dhanairapi) Hit. i.; 14. effort. [ ID=4917 ]
- 1. The soul. 2. Natural temperament or disposition. 3. Brahma, the supreme deity and soul of the universe. 4. Life and spirit. 5. Body. 6. Care and effort. 7. Firmness. 8. The understanding and intellect. 9. The mind or faculty of reason. 10. The sun. 11. Fire. 12. Wind. 13. A son. 14. The self.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 090-a ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. ( - त्मा (-tmā) ) 1. The soul. 2. The natural temperament or disposition. 3. BRAHM, the supreme deity and soul of the universe, or more usually in this sense परमात्मा (paramātmā). 4. Life, spirit, the vivifying soul in opposition to the sentient; commonly also जीवात्मा (jīvātmā). 5. Body. 6. Care, effort, pains. 7. Firmness. 8. The understanding, the intellect. 9. The mind or faculty of reason. 10. The sun. 11. Fire. 12. Wind, air. 13. A son. 14. The self, the abstract individual. E. आङ्, अत (āṅ, ata) to go, मनिन् (manin) Unādi aff. [ ID=5260 ]
- 1. Breath. 2. The soul. 3. One's own self. 4. Self or own, used as a reflective pronoun. 5. The body. 6. Intellect or understanding. 7. The soul of the universe.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0074-b ] आत्मन् (ātman) ātman, i. e. probably *avā (= vā) + tman ( cf. ἀϋτμήν, ἀϋτμή, ἀτμή, ἀτμός) ), m. 1. Breath. 2. The soul. Bhāṣāp. 97. 3. One's own self, Man. 4, 254. 4. Self, own; used, but only in the sing., as reflective pronoun of all the three persons, e. g. darśayātmānam, Show thyself, Nal. 11, 8. gopāyanti ku- lastriyaḥ ātmānam ātmanā, Virtuous wives protect themselves by means of themselves, Nal. 18, 8. 5. The instr. sing. compounded with following ordinal numbers denotes one's self as making up the number, e. g. ātmanā-saptama, Himself as the seventh, i. e. he with six. 6. The body. 7. Intellect, understand- ing. 8. The soul of the universe, Vedāntas. in Chr. 202, 4. 9. The ini- tial ā when preceded by e or o is some- times in vedic and epic writings irre- Page0075-a+ 47 gularly dropped, e. g. Draup. 5, 9. — Comp. I. When latter part it denotes often, 1. nature, mind, e. g. Kṛta-, adj. whose mind is improved, Pañc. ii. d. 15. A-kṛta-, adj. whose mind is not improved, Man. 6, 73. Jita-, adj. one who has subdued his mind, who re- strains himself, Pañc. 131, 19. A-jita-, adj. one who has not subdued his mind, Man. 7, 34. Prāta-, adj. with an affectionate mind, Man. 1, 60. Śānta- ( vb. śam ), adj. with a tranquil mind, Man. 1, 52. 2. natural disposition, e. g. karmātman, i. e. karman-, adj. having a natural disposition for action, Man. 2, 53. Kāma-, adj. voluptuous, Man. 7, 27. Cala-, adj. unsteady, Rām. 4, 55, 7. Dharma-, adj. just, Rām. 1, 1, 29. Pāpa-, adj. wicked, Pañc. 37, 19. Mahā-, adj. magnanimous, Pañc. ii. d. 153. Sūtra-, m. having the nature of a thread, Vedāntas. in Chr. 208, 3. 3. Antar-, m. the soul, Rājat. 5, 194. Kevata-, m. being the absolute unity, Kumāras. 2, 4. Catur-, adj. having four faces, Rājat. 5, 25. Chāyā-, m. an image, Megh. 41. Jagat-, m. the soul of the world, Rām. 6, 82, 153. Jīva-, m. the individual soul, Bhāg. P. 6, 16, 2. Datta-, ( vb. dā ), adj. one who has given himself (as a son to another), Yājñ. 2, 131. Dvādaśātman-, i. e. dvā- daśan-, adj. appearing in twelve forms, MBh. 3, 156. Parama-, m. the uni- versal soul. Bhāvita- ( vb. bhū ), adj. 1. intent upon. 2. having obtained (the union with) the universal soul, Pañc. iii. d. 63. Bhūta-, m. 1. the elementary or vital principle. 2. the body. 3. Brahman. 4. Śiva. 5. war. Manda-, adj. dull, foolish. Viśva-, m. the soul of the universe, a name of Viṣṇu. — Cf. O.H.G. atum, A.S. acdhm, and see above. [ ID=1471 ]
- 1. Breath, life, spirit, or soul. 2. The supreme spirit or universal soul. 3. Nature or character. 4. Oneself.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 060 ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. breath, life, spirit, soul; the supreme spirit or all-soul; nature, character; self, one's self (as refl. pron. ). Often °— one's own; —° = आत्मक (ātmaka). Instr. w. an ordin. number v. seq. [ ID=4150 ]
- 1. Breath. 2. Soul or spirit. 3. Self or reflexive pronoun. 4. Nature or character. 5. The supreme soul of the universe.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 125-a ] ātmán, m. —1. breath; —2. spirit; soul ( cf. 84 8 N. ), as principle of life and feeling; —3. self; very often so used as a simple reflexive pron. [ 514]; e. g., myself, 36 16; thyself, 26 15; himself, 4 19; in genitive: his, 17 16; her, 46 5; one's own, 21 18, 58 22; —4. nature, character, peculiarity; esp. at end of cpds, see ātmaka; —5. the soul κατ᾽ ἐξοχήν, the soul of the universe, 66 8. [ cf. ἀϋτμήν, ‘breath’; ἀτμός, ‘vapor’; AS. ǣþm, ǣðm, ‘breath’: for mg, cf. πνεῦμα and Lat. anima, ‘breath, spirit.’] [ ID=598 ]
- 1. The breath or soul. 2. The principle of life and sensation. 3. The individual soul or self. 4. One's self, used as a reflexive pronoun. 5. Natural temperament or disposition. 6. Essence, nature, character, or peculiarity. 7. The whole body or person. 8. The understanding, intellect, mind, or faculty of thought. 9. The highest personal principle of life, Brahma, or the supreme deity and soul of the universe. 10. Care, effort, or firmness. 11. The sun. 12. Fire. 13. Wind or air. 14. A son.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0117-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) ātman, ā, m. (fr. rt. an, to breathe, or at, to go; or, according to some, fr. rt. ah and connected with aham, I; or, according to others, a contraction of avatman fr. rt. av = vā; but the ex- istence of the old Vedic form tman makes all these etymologies doubtful); the breath, soul, the principle of life and sensation, the individual soul, the self, the abstract individual (e. g. ātman Ved. loc. dhatte, ‘he places in himself, he makes his own;’ ātmanā vi-yuj, ‘to lose one's life;’ ātmanā saptamas, ‘made the seventh by one's self,’ i. e. ‘being one's self the seventh with six others’); self, one's self, used as a reflexive pronoun for all three persons (e. g. ātmā- naṃ sā hanti, ‘she strikes herself’); and used in the singular even when it refers to a dual or plural (e. g. putram ātmanaḥ spṛṣṭvā nipetatuḥ, ‘they two having touched their son fell down’); the natural tem- perament or disposition; essence, nature, character, peculiarity; the person or whole body considered as one and opposed to the separate members of the body; the body; the understanding, intellect, the mind, the faculty of thought or reason, the thinking faculty; the highest personal principle of life, Brahma, the supreme deity and soul of the universe (but para- mātman is more usual in this latter sense); care, effort, pains; firmness; the sun; fire; wind; air; a son; [cf. Goth. ahma; Old Germ. ātum, Them. ātuma; Angl. Sax. œdhm; Mod. Germ. Athem, Odem; Hib. adhm, ‘knowledge,’ and adhma, ‘knowing;’ Gr. ἀϋτμήν, ἀϋτμή (?); ἀτμός, ἀτμή (?): cf. also rt. ἄω &c. = rt. vā. ] —Ātma is used at the end of Page0118-a+ 81 some compounds for ātman; e. g. pratyayātma, as, ā, am, whose natural disposition is confidence. —Ātma-karman, a, n. one's own act. —Ātma- kāma, as, ā, am, loving one's self, possessed of self-conceit; loving Brahma, the supreme spirit. —Ātma-kāmeya, ās, m. pl., N. of a people. —Ātma- kāmeyaka, as, ā, am, inhabited by the Ātmakāme- yas. —Ātma-kārya, am, n. one's own business, pri- vate affairs. —Ātma-kṛta, as, ā, am, self-executed, done of one's self; done against one's self. —Ātma- gatam, ind. lit. ‘gone to one's self,’ aside (used in theatrical language, like the English ‘aside,’ to denote that the words which follow are supposed to be spoken privately, as if to the speaker's self and not in the hearing of any one but the audience). —Ātma- gati, is, f. course of the soul's existence, life of the spirit; one's own course. —Ātma-gatyā, ind. by one's own act (without the intervention of another). —Ātma-guptā, f., N. of the plant Mucuna Pruritus Hook.; (according to others) Cowach or Cowhage. —Ātma-gupti, is, f. a cave, the hiding-place of an animal. —Ātma-grāhin, ī, iṇī, i, selfish, greedy, taking care of one's self, appropriating, taking for one's self. —Ātma-ghāta, as, m. suicide; heresy, schism. —Ātma-ghātin, ī, inī, i, a suicide, a here- tic, a schismatic, one who disregards moral or religious institutions. —Ātma-ghoṣa, as, m. a crow; a cock (‘one who calls out to himself’). —Ātma-ja, as, m. a son; ( ā ), f. a daughter; a descendant; the reason- ing faculty, understanding. —Ātma-janman, a, n. the birth of one's self, i. e. the birth of a son; ( ā ), m. a son. —Ātma-jaya, as, m. one's own victory; victory over one's self. —Ātma-jña, as, m. a sage, one who knows his own nature and that of spirit, self- knowing. —Ātma-jñāna, am, n. knowledge of the soul or supreme spirit, spiritual knowledge, philoso- phical knowledge of the spiritual principle in creation; self-knowledge, true wisdom. —Ātma-tattva, am, n. the true nature of the soul or of the supreme spirit. —Ātmatattva-jña, as, m. a sage versed in the Ve- dānta doctrines. —Ātma-tā, f. or ātma-tva, am, n. identity with self, spirituality. —Ātma-tyāga, as, m. self-sacrifice, giving up one's own life, suicide. —Āt- ma-tyāgin, ī, m. one who gives up his own life, a suicide; a heretic, an unbeliever. —Ātma-trāṇa, am, n. self-preservation, a body-guard. —Ātma-darśa, as, m. ‘self-shower,’ a mirror. —Ātma-darśana, am, n. seeing one's self; knowledge of man's real nature, spiritual knowledge. —Ātma-dā, ās, ās, am, Ved. granting personal existence or life. —Ātma-dāna, am, n. gift of self, self-sacrifice, resignation. —Ātma- dūṣi, is, is, i, Ved. corrupting the soul, soul-destroy- ing. —Ātma-devatā, f. a tutelary deity. —Ātma- drohin, ī, iṇī, i, self-tormenting, fretful, miserable. —Ātma-nitya, as, ā, am, constantly in the heart, greatly endeared to one's self. —Ātma-nindā, f. self-reproach. —Ātma-nivedana, am, n. offering one's self as a living sacrifice to the deity. —Ātman- vat, ān, atī, at, Ved. having a soul, animated, alive, personal. —Ātman-vin, ī, inī, i, Ved. animated, having a soul. —Ātma-parājita, as, ā, am, Ved. one who has lost himself. —Ātma-parityāga, as, m. self-sacrifice. —Ātma-prabodha, as, m. cognition of soul or supreme spirit; title of an Upaniṣad. —Ātma-prabha, as, ā, am, shining by one's own light. self-illuminated. —Ātma-pravāda, as, m. con- versation about the soul or supreme spirit; N. of the seventh of the fourteen Pūrvas or most ancient sacred writings of the Jainas. —Ātma-praśaṃsā, f. self- applause. —Ātma-prīti, is, f. self-enjoyment, self- indulgence. —Ātma-badha, see ātma-vadha. —Ātma-bandhu, us, m. one's own kinsman, a first cousin or father's sister's son, mother's brother's son, mother's sister's son. —Ātma-buddhi, is, f. self- knowledge. —Ātma-bodha, as, m. knowledge of soul or supreme spirit; self-knowledge; N. of a work of Śaṅkarācārya; N. of one of the Upaniṣads of the Atharva-veda; ( as, ā, am ), possessed of a knowledge of soul or the supreme spirit. —Ātma-bhava, as, m. becoming or existing of one's self; ( as, ā, am ), produced in one's self, caused by one's self. —Ātma- Page0118-b+ 81 bhāva, as, m. existence of the soul; the self, proper or peculiar nature; the body. —Ātma-bhū, ūs, m. self-born, self-existent; an epithet of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Śiva, and Kāmadeva, the god of love. —Ātma-bhūta, as, ā, am, self-produced, become one's self, own, peculiar, belonging to; attached to, faithful. —Ātma- bhūya, am, n. peculiarity, own nature. —Ātma-maya, as, ī, am, spiritual. —Ātma-mātrā, f. a particle of the supreme spirit. —Ātma-mānin, ī, inī, i, self- honouring, self-respecting, decorous, respectable. —Āt- ma-mūla, as, ā, am, self-existent; ( ī ), f., the plant Alhagi Maurorum (‘striking root in self’). —Ātmam- bhari, is, is, i, self-nourishing, one who takes care only of his own person, selfish, greedy. —Ātma-yājin, ī, inī, i, sacrificing for one's self; one who sacrifices himself; ( ī ), m. a wise or learned man, one who studies his own nature and that of the soul. —Ātma-yoni, is, m. one whose birth-place is self; an epithet of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Śiva, and Kāmadeva, the god of love. —Ātma-rakṣā, f. the plant Cucumis Colocynthis or Trichosanthes Bracteata (a creeper with a poisonous fruit). —Ātma-rāma-yogendra (°ga-in°), as, m., N. of a man. —Ātma-loman, a, n. the hair of the body; the beard. —Ātma-vañcaka, as, ā, am, self- deceiver. —Ātma-vañcanā, f. self-delusion. —Ātma- vat, ān, atī, at, self-possessed, composed, prudent; knowing spirit; ( t ), ind. like one's self. —Ātma- vat-tā, f. self-possession, self-regard, prudence; self- resemblance, proportion, analogy. —Ātma-vadha, as, m. or ātma-vadhyā, f. suicide. —Ātma-vaśa, as, m. subjection of the mind, self-control, self-govern- ment; ( as, ā, am ), depending on one's own will. —Ātma-vikraya, as, m. sale of one's self, sale of one's liberty. —Ātma-vid, t, m. a wise man, a sage, one who knows the nature of the soul or spirit; a sensible man, one who knows himself; a N. of Śiva. —Ātma-vidyā, f. knowledge of soul or the supreme spirit; spiritual knowledge. —Ātma-vivṛddhi or ātma-vṛddhi, is, f. self-advantage. —Ātma-vīra, as, ā, am, existent, sentient; appropriate, good for one's self, suitable as diet &c. ( as ), m. a mighty man; a son; a wife's brother; the jester or Vidū- shaka in a play. —Ātma-vṛttānta, as, m. one's own story, account of one's self, autobiography. —Ātma- vṛtti, is, f. one's own circumstances; practising one's own duties or occupation. —Ātma-śakti, is, f. inhe- rent or own power or effort. —Ātma-śalyā, f. the plant Asparagus Racemosus Willd. —Ātma-śuddhi, is, f. self-purification. —Ātma-ślāghā, f. self-praise, boasting. —Ātma-saṃyama, as, m. self-restraint, stoicism. —Ātma-sad, t, t, t, Ved. dwelling in self. —Ātma-sani, is, is, i, Ved. granting the breath of life. —Ātma-sandeha, as, m. internal doubt, personal risk. —Ātma-sambhava, as, m. a son; ( ā ), f. a daughter. —Ātma-sāt, ind. one's own; (used in con- nection with rt. kṛ, see ātmasāt-kṛ next col.) —Āt- ma-siddhi, is, f. personal aggrandizement, self-ad- vantage. —Ātma-sukha, as, m., N. of a man. —Āt- ma-stuti, is, f. self-praise. —Ātma-hatyā, f. self- destruction, suicide. —Ātma-han, ā, m. one who kills his soul, or does not concern himself about the welfare of his soul; a heretic, an unbeliever; a self- murderer, a suicide; a priest in a temple, a servant or attendant upon an idol; (the priest subsisting by appropriating to himself offerings to deities, for which future punishment is assigned.) —Ātma-hanana, am, n. suicide. —Ātma-hita, as, ā, am, beneficial to one's self; ( am ), n. one's own profit or advantage. —Ātmā- diṣṭa (°ma-ād°), as, ā, am, self-counselled; ( as ), m. a treaty dictated by the party wishing it himself. —Ātmādhīna (°ma-adh°), as, ā, am, depending on self, independent; sentient, existent; ( as ), m. a son; a wife's brother; the jester or Vidūṣaka in a play, see ātmanīna and ātma-vīra. —Ātmāparādha (°ma-ap°), as, m. own offence, personal transgression. —Ātmāpahāraka (°ma-ap°), as, m. an impostor, one who pretends to belong to a higher class than his own. —Ātmābhilāṣa (°ma-abh°), as, m. the soul's desire. —Ātmārtha (°ma-ar°), as, ā, am, for one's own sake, for the sake of one's self. —Ātmāśin (°ma-āś°), ī, m. a fish, supposed to eat its young. Page0118-c+ 78 —Ātmāśraya (°ma-āś°), as, m. self-dependance; innate idea, abstract knowledge which is independant of the thing to be known. —Ātmeśvara (°ma-īś°), as, m. master of one's self, self-possessed; God. —Āt- modaya (°ma-ud°), as, m. self-advantage or elevation. —Ātmodbhava (°ma-ud°), as, ā, am, born or pro- duced from one's self; ( as ), m. a son; ( ā ), f. a daughter; N. of the plant Glycine Debilis Roxb. —Ātmopajīvin (°ma-up°), ī, inī, i, one who lives by his own labour; one who lives by his wife; a public performer, actor, singer, dancer, &c. a day- labourer. —Ātmopaniṣad (°ma-up°), t, f. title of an Upaniṣad which treats of the supreme spirit. —Ātmopama (°ma-up°), as, ā, am, like one's self. —Ātmaupamya (°ma-aup°), am, n. likeness to self, analogy to one's own self. [ ID=8362 ]

### Figurative Uses & Specific Named Entities (7 definitions)
- a fish supposed to feed on its young or on the weakest of its species  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — आशिन् (āśin) m. a fish supposed to feed on its young, or on the weakest of its species; cf. मत्स्या इव जना नित्यं (matsyā iva janā nityaṃ) भक्षयंतिपरस्परं । (bhakṣayaṃtiparasparaṃ.) Rām
- a cave or animal lair  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — गुप्तिः (guptiḥ) f. a cave, the hiding place of an animal, lair
- 1. A cock. 2. A crow.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — घषः (ghaṣaḥ) 1 a cock (calling out to himself). 2 a crow
- a mirror  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — दर्शः (darśaḥ) a mirror; प्रसादमात्मीयमिवात्मदर्शः (darśaḥ) (prasādamātmīyamivātmadarśaḥ) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 7. 68
- a tutelary deity  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — देवता (devatā) a tutelary deity
- a plant  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मूली (mūlī) N. of a plant ( दुरालभा (durālabhā) )
- shatavari  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — शल्या (śalyā) N. of a plant ( शतावरी (śatāvarī) )

### Breath, Life Principle, Vitality, Existence (6 definitions)
- the breath  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 135,1] आत्मन् (tman) (ātman) m. (variously derived fr. अन् (an), to breathe; अत् (at), to move; वा (vā), to blow; cf. त्मन् (tman) ) the breath, Ṛg-veda (Title) [ ID=23455 ]
- the soul, principle of life and sensation  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the soul, principle of life and sensation, Ṛg-veda (Title); Atharva-veda (Title) &c. [ ID=23456 ]
- The soul, breath, or principle of life and sensation  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 1 The soul, the individual soul, the breath, the principle of life and sensation; किमात्मना यो न जितेंद्रियो भवेत् (kimātmanā yo na jiteṃdriyo bhavet) Hitopadeśa (Nirṇaya Sāgara Edition) 1; आत्मानं रथिनं विद्धि शरीरं रथमेव (ātmānaṃ rathinaṃ viddhi śarīraṃ rathameva) तु (tu) Kaṭh. (In Hitopadeśa (Nirṇaya Sāgara Edition) 4. 87 आत्मन् (ātman) is compared to a river)
- Spirit, vitality, courage  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 11 Spirit, vitality, courage
- granting existence or life  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — दा (dā) a. Ved. granting one's existence or life
- granting the breath of life  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — सनि (sani) a. Ved. granting the breath of life

### Essence, Nature, Intrinsic Character, Disposition (6 definitions)
- essence, nature, character, peculiarity  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > essence, nature, character, peculiarity (often ifc., e.g. कर्मा (karmā) त्मन् (tman), &c.), Ṛg-veda (Title) x, 97, 11, &c. [ ID=23463 ]
- Essence or nature  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 4 Essence, nature; काव्यस्यात्मा ध्वनिः (kāvyasyātmā dhvaniḥ) S. D., see आत्मक (ātmaka) below
- Character, peculiarity  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 5 Character, peculiarity
- The natural temperament or disposition.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 6 The natural temperament or disposition
- 1. Existence of the soul. 2. Peculiar nature. 3. The body.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — भावः (bhāvaḥ) 1 existence of the soul. 2 the self proper, peculiar nature. 3 the body
- 1. Peculiarity or own nature. 2. Brahma.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — भूयं (bhūyaṃ) 1 peculiarity, own nature. 2 Brahma

### Intellect, Mind, Understanding, Cognitive Faculties (5 definitions)
- the understanding, intellect, or mind  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( ifc. ) ‘the understanding, intellect, mind’, see नष्टा (naṣṭā) त्मन् (tman), मन्दा (mandā) ° (°) [ ID=23466 ]
- Mind, intellect  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 8 Mind, intellect; मंदात्मन्, नष्टात्मन् (maṃdātman, naṣṭātman), महात्मन् (mahātman) &c
- The understanding  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 9 The understanding; cf. आत्मसंपन्न, आत्मवत् (ātmasaṃpanna, ātmavat) &c
- The thinking faculty and the faculty of thought and reason  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 10 Thinking faculty, the faculty of thought and reason
- produced in one's mind  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — गत (gata) a. produced in one's mind; ° तो (°to) मनोरथः (manorathaḥ) Śakuntalā (Bombay) 1. (

### Natural Elements (Sun, Fire, Wind/Air) (5 definitions)
- the sun  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the sun, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=23470 ]
- fire  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > fire, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=23471 ]
- The sun.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 15 The sun
- Fire  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 16 Fire
- Wind, air  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (tman) (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (tman) (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 17 Wind, air. आत्मन् (tman) (ātman) is used as the last member of comp. in the sense of ‘made or consisting of’; ( pb ) see आत्मक (ātmaka). The form त्मन् (tman) is also found to be used; कृतार्थं मन्यते त्नानं (kṛtārthaṃ manyate tnānaṃ) Mb. [ cf. Gr. atmos, aitmen ]

### Effort, Firmness, Power, Ability, Strength (4 definitions)
- effort  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > effort, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=23468 ]
- firmness  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (= धृति (dhṛti) ) firmness, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=23469 ]
- Care, effort, pain  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 14 Care, efforts, pain
- 1. One's own power, ability, or effort. 2. Illusion.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — शक्तिः (śaktiḥ) f. one's own power or ability, inherent power or effort; दैवं (daivaṃ) निहत्य कुरु पौरुषमात्मशत्तया (nihatya kuru pauruṣamātmaśattayā) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1. 361 to the best of one's power. 2 illusion

### The Physical Body or Person (4 definitions)
- the person or whole body considered as one, as opposed to its separate members  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the person or whole body considered as one and opposed to the separate members of the body, Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā (Title); Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (Title) [ ID=23464 ]
- the body  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the body, Raghuvaṃśa (Title) i, 14; Rāmatāpanīya-upaniṣad (Title) [ ID=23465 ]
- The whole body  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 7 The person or whole body (considered as one and opposed to the separate members of it); स्थितः सर्वोन्नतेनोर्वी (sthitaḥ sarvonnatenorvī) क्रांत्वा मेरुरिवात्मना (krāṃtvā merurivātmanā) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 1. 14; योस्यात्मनः कारयिता (yosyātmanaḥ kārayitā) Manusmṛti 12. 12; Kirātārjunīya 9. 66
- 1. Body hair. 2. Beard.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — लोमन् (loman) 1 the hair of the body. 2 the beard

### The Self, Individual Soul, Reflexive Pronoun (4 definitions)
- the individual soul, self, or abstract individual  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the individual soul, self, abstract individual [ e.g. आत्मन् (ātman) ( Ved. loc. ) धत्ते (dhatte), or करोति (karoti), ‘he places in himself’, makes his own, Taittirīya-saṃhitā (Title) v; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (Title); आत्मना (ātmanā) अकरोत् (ātmanā akarot), ‘he did it himself’, Kādambarī (Title); आत्मना (ātmanā) वि - (ātmanā vi-) √ युज् (√yuj), ‘to lose one's life’, Manu-smṛti (Title) vii, 46; आत्मन् (ātman) in the sg. is used as reflexive pronoun for all three persons and all three genders, e.g. आत्मानं सा हन्ति (ātmānaṃ sā hanti), ‘she strikes herself’; पुत्रम् आत्मनः स्पृष्ट्वा निपेततुः (putram ātmanaḥ spṛṣṭvā nipetatuḥ), ‘they two having touched their son fell down’, Rāmāyaṇa (Title) ii, 64, 28; see also below s.v. आत्मना (ātmanā) ] [ ID=23457 ]
- oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 2 Self, oneself; in this sense mostly used reflexively for all three persons and in the singular number, masculine gender, whatever be the gender or number of the noun to which it refers; अनया चिंतयात्मापि मे न प्रतिभाति (anayā ciṃtayātmāpi me na pratibhāti) Ratnāvalī (Bombay) 1; आश्रमदर्शनेन आत्मानं पुनीमहे (āśramadarśanena ātmānaṃ punīmahe) Śakuntalā (Bombay) 1; गुप्तं ददृशुरात्मानं सर्वाः स्वप्तेषु वामनैः (guptaṃ dadṛśurātmānaṃ sarvāḥ svapteṣu vāmanaiḥ) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 10. 60, 4. 35, 14. 57; Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 6. 20; देवी (devī) … प्राप्तप्रसवमात्मानं गंगादेव्यां (… prāptaprasavamātmānaṃ gaṃgādevyāṃ) विमुंचति (vimuṃcati) Uttararāmacarita 7. 2; गोपायंति कुलस्त्रिय (gopāyaṃti kulastriya) आत्मानमात्मना (ātmānamātmanā) Mb.; Kādambarī (Bombay) 107; sometimes used in pl. also; Śiśupālavadha 17. 19; Mālatīmādhava (Bombay) 8
- spoken privately or to oneself, often used as a stage direction in dramas  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — तं (taṃ) ) ind. aside (to oneself) being considered to be ( pb ) spoken privately ( opp. प्रकाशं (prakāśaṃ) aloud); frequently used as a stage-direction in dramas; it is the same as स्यगतं (taṃ) (syagataṃ) which is thus defined; अश्राव्यं खलु (aśrāvyaṃ khalu) पद्वस्तु तदिह स्यगतं (taṃ) (syagataṃ) मतं (taṃ) (padvastu tadiha syagataṃ mataṃ) Sāhityadarpaṇa 6
- 1. A kinsman. 2. The soul or self.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — बंधुः, - बांधवः (baṃdhuḥ, -bāṃdhavaḥ) 1 one's own kinsman; आत्ममातुः स्वमुः पुत्रा आत्मपितुः (ātmamātuḥ svamuḥ putrā ātmapituḥ) स्वसुः सुताः । आत्ममातुलपुत्राश्च विज्ञेया (svasuḥ sutāḥ. ātmamātulaputrāśca vijñeyā) ह्यात्मबांधवः (hyātmabāṃdhavaḥ) Śabdak., i. e. mother's sister's son, father's sister's son, and mother's brother's son. 2 the soul, the self

### Origin, Birth, Production (related to self) (3 definitions)
- born or produced from oneself  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — उद्भव (udbhava) a. born or produced from oneself. (
- 1. Self-produced or peculiar. 2. Attached, devoted, or faithful.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — भूत (bhūta) a. 1 self-produced; peculiar, belonging to. 2 attached, devoted, faithful; Manusmṛti 7. 217 ( Kull. = आत्मतुल्य (ātmatulya) ). (
- birth, production, origin  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — लाभः (lābhaḥ) birth, production, origin; यैरात्मलाभस्त्वया लब्धः (yairātmalābhastvayā labdhaḥ) Mudrārākṣasa (Bombay) 3. 1. 5. 23; Kirātārjunīya 3. 32, 17. 19, 18. 34; Kādambarī (Bombay) 239

### Etymological, Linguistic, or Specific Grammatical/Numerical Usage (1 definition)
- No definition provided.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [ Old Germ. ātum; Angl.Sax. ædhm; Mod. Germ. Athem, Odem; Gk. ἀϋτμήν, ἀτμός (?).] [ ID=23472.1 ]

### Form, Image, Appearance (1 definition)
- Form or image  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > आत्मन् (ātman) [Printed book page 0233-c ] आत्मन् (ātman) m. [ अत् - मनिण् (at-maniṇ) Uṇādisūtras 4. 152 said to be from अन् (an) to breathe also] 12 Form, image; आत्मानमाधाय (ātmānamādhāya) Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 3. 24 assuming his own form; 2. 61; संरोपितेप्यात्मनि (saṃropitepyātmani) Śakuntalā (Bombay) 6. 23 myself being implanted in her

## Sources

Definitions from Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546