# भरत (bharata)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/bharata

भरत (bharata) is a Sanskrit word meaning an epithet of Agni, a priest, an actor, dancer, or tumbler, a weaver, a hireling or mercenary, a barbarian or mountaineer. Its 52 recorded definitions are grouped into 16 contexts, among them Comprehensive Lexicographical Entries, Other Specific Human Individuals, Miscellaneous Meanings and Feminine Forms.

- **Root:** भृ (bhṛ)
- **Etymology:** E. भृ to nourish, अतच् Unādi aff — E. bhṛ to nourish, atac Unādi aff
- **SLP1:** `Barata`  **IAST:** bharata  **Devanagari:** भरत
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharata_%28Mahabharata%29
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/bharata/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** भारत (bhārata), भरता (bharatā), भरट (bharaṭa)

## Meanings by context

### Comprehensive Lexicographical Entries (8 definitions)
- 1. An Agni kept alive by the care of men. 2. An actor. 3. Various princes and men. 4. A tribe descended from Bharata. 5. A manual of the histrionic art.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 202-1 ] भरत (bharata) bhar-atá, m. [to be maintained], N. of a certain Agni who is kept alive by the care of men ( V. ); a certain Agni with a son of the same name ( E. ); actor; N. of various princes and men; N. of a tribe, the descendants of Bharata ( pl. ); N. of a manual of the histrionic art composed by a certain Bharata: -ṛṣabha, m. ep. of Viśvāmitra; -khaṇḍa, n. N. of a division of Bhārata-varṣa; -putra, m. son of Bharata, actor; -pura, n. N. of a city; -roha, m. N. : -ka, m. id.; -ṛṣabha, m. noblest among the Bharatas, ep. of various men; -śārdūla, m. tiger among —, -śreṣṭha -sattama, spv. best of the Bharatas, id.; -sena, m. N. of a commentator on the Meghadūta, Raghuvaṃśa, Śisupālavadha, and Bhaṭṭikāvya. [ ID=13056 ]
- 1. The younger brother of Rama. 2. The son of Dushyanta by Shakuntala. 3. A sage. 4. A celebrated writer on dramatic composition. 5. An actor, dancer, or mime. 6. A barbarian, mountaineer, or savage. 7. A weaver. 8. A descendant of Bharata.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 613 ] भरत (bharata) m. ( - तः (-taḥ) ) 1 The younger brother of RĀMA. 2 The son of DUṢYANTA by ŚAKUNTALĀ. 3 The name of a sage or Muni, 4 The name of a celebrated writer on dramatic composition, of which he is also sometimes considered as the inventor; the term is also applied to his work, which appears to have been a body of Sūtras, or rules, relating to every branch of theatrical writing and exhibition; it is said to be lost, but is constantly quoted by the commentators on the Nāṭakas, or Indian dramas. 5 An actor, a dancer, a mime, 6 A barbarian, a mountaineer, a savage. 7 A weaver. 8 A descendant of BHARATA. E. भृ (bhṛ) to nourish, अतच् (atac) Uṇādi aff. [ ID=28274 ]
- 1. Son of Dushyanta. 2. Brother of Rama. 3. A sage. 4. An actor. 5. A barbarian. 6. A weaver.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 550-b ] भरत (bharata) ( तः ) ((taḥ)) 1. m. Son of Dushyanta; brother of Rāma; a sage; an actor; a barbarian; a weaver. [ ID=27785 ]
- 1. Name of the son of Dushyanta and Shakuntala. 2. Name of an ancient sage who founded the science of music and dramaturgy. 3. Name of one of the brothers of Rama. 4. An actor or stage-player. 5. A hired soldier. 6. A barbarian or mountaineer.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 520-10 ] भरत (bharata) m. 1. Name of the son of Dushyanta by Śakuntalā; (See App. II.); 2. name of an ancient sage, who is said to have founded the science of music and dramaturgy; 3. name of one of the brothers of Rāma; (See App. II.); 4. an actor, a stage-player, कविर्निसर्गसौहृदेन भरत (bharata) ेषु स्वकृतिमेवंप्रायगुणभूयसीमस्माकमर्पितवान् (kavirnisargasauhṛdena bharateṣu svakṛtimevaṃprāyaguṇabhūyasīmasmākamarpitavān) M.M. i.; 5. a hired soldier; 6. a barbarian, a mountaineer. [ ID=27163 ]
- 1. The younger brother of Rama. 2. The son of Dushyanta by Shakuntala. 3. The name of a sage. 4. A celebrated writer on dramatic composition, or his work of theatrical rules. 5. An actor, dancer, or mime. 6. A barbarian, mountaineer, or savage. 7. A weaver. 8. A descendant of Bharata.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 526-a ] भरत (bharata) m. ( - तः (-taḥ) ) 1. The younger brother of RĀMA. 2. The son of DUSHYANTA by SAKUNTALĀ. 3. The name of a sage or Muni. 4. The name of a celebrated writer on dramatic composition, of which he is also sometimes considered as the inventor; the term is also applied to his work, which appears to have been a body of Sūtras, or rules relating to every branch of theatrical writing and exhibition; it is said to be lost, but is constantly quoted by the commentators on the Nātakas or Indian dramas. 5. An actor, a dancer, a mime. 6. A barbarian, a mountaineer, a savage. 7. A weaver. 8. A descendant of BHARATA. E. भृ (bhṛ) to nourish, अतच् (atac) Unādi aff. [ ID=29154 ]
- 1. The name of several princes and a sage who invented dramatic composition. 2. The descendants of Bharata. 3. An actor or mime.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 0643-b ] भरत (bharata) bharata, i. e. bharant, ptcple. pres. of bhṛ, + a ( cf. Śāk. d. 192), m. 1. The name of several princes, and of a sage, the inventor of dramatic com- position, Vikr. d. 36; Utt. Rāmac. 111, 4. 2. pl. The descendants of Bharata, Chr. 3, 1. 3. An actor, a mime. [ ID=10440 ]
- 1. An epithet of Agni. 2. The name of several historical and mythological figures, including an ancient hero and a mythical author of dramatic art. 3. The race of the Bharatas.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 373 ] भरत (bharata) m. E. of Agni ( lit. to be maintained or kept alive); N. of sev. princes & other men, esp. of a patriarchal hero & the mythical author of dramatic art, also = seq.; pl. the race of the Bharatas. [ ID=22612 ]
- 1. To be supported or maintained. 2. An epithet of Agni. 3. A warrior, soldier, or prince's charioteer. 4. A bard, poet, actor, dancer, or mime. 5. A weaver. 6. An Aditya. 7. A celebrated universal emperor and son of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, after whom India is named. 8. A son of Dhruvasandhi. 9. A younger brother of Rama and son of Dasharatha. 10. A son of Rishabha. 11. A son of Vitihotra. 12. An epithet of a Manu. 13. A son of Manu Bhautya. 14. A king of Asmaka. 15. An ancient sage and author of works on dramatic composition and theatrical arts. 16. A barbarian or mountaineer.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 0700-b ] Bharata, as, ā, am, to be supported, being sup- ported; ( as ), m. an epithet of Agni who is supposed Page0700-c+ 81 to be maintained or kept alive by the care of men (Ved.); N. of a particular Agni, (he has a son Bha- rata and a daughter Bharatī, cf. bharatha ); a hired soldier, warrior, (perhaps in particular) the charioteer of a prince, (hence perhaps the Maruts are called sons of Bharata, i. e. of ‘the warrior’ Rudra); a (‘hired’) bard, poet, actor, dancer, mime [cf. bha- rata-putraka ]; a weaver; (according to Naighaṇ- ṭuka III. 18) = ṛtv-ij; N. of an Āditya; N. of a celebrated hero and monarch of all India, (he was the first of a series of twelve Cakra-vartins or Sārva- bhaumas, i. e. universal emperors; as son of Duḥ- ṣanta or Dushyanta and Śakuntalā, he has the patronymic Dauḥṣanti or Dauṣyanti, also read dauṣmanti, dauṣvanti, &c. in Ṛg-veda III. 53, 24, the sons of Bharata are regarded as descend- ants of Viśvā-mitra); N. of a son of Dhruva-sandhi, father of Asita; of a son of Daśa-ratha and younger brother of Rāma; of a son of Ṛṣabha; of a son of Vīti-hotra; an epithet of a Manu who gave the name to the country Bhārata (Viṣṇu-Purāṇa II. 1); N. of a son of Manu Bhautya; of a king of Aśmaka; of an ancient Muni (the celebrated author of the Gandharva-veda or Alaṅkāra-śāstra, treating of dra- matic composition; the term is also applied to his work, which appears to have been a body of Sūtras or rules relating to every branch of dramatic writing and theatrical exhibition; although said to be lost, it is constantly quoted by the commentators on the Nāṭakas or Indian dramas); a barbarian, moun- taineer, savage, = kṣetra; (ās), m. pl., N. of a tribe, ‘the descendants of Bharata;’ ( āni ), n. pl., N. of a particular Varṣa; [cf. bhārata. ] —Bharata- khaṇḍa, am, n., N. of a part of Bharata-varṣa (= kumārikā). —Bharata-jña, as, m. ‘knowing the science of Bharata,’ conversant with dramatic writings and rules. —Bharata-tva, am, n. the name ‘Bharata.’ —Bharata-dvādaśāha (°śa-aha), am, n., N. of a particular festival. —Bharata-putraka, as, m. ‘son of Bharata,’ an actor, a mime. —Bha- rata-pura, am, n., N. of a town (mentioned in the Bharaṭaka-dvātriṃśikā). —Bharata-prasū, ūs, f. ‘the mother of Bharata,’ an epithet of Kaikeyī (wife of Daśa-ratha). —Bharata-malla, as, m., N. of a grammarian. —Bharata-mallika, as, m. = bharata-sena, q. v. —Bharata-roha, as, m., N. of a man. —Bharatarṣabha (°ta-ṛ°), as, m. ‘bull- like descendant of Bharata,’ the best or most dis- tinguished of the Bharatas; a prince of the Bharatas. —Bharata-varṣa, am, n. ‘the country of Bha- rata’ (supposed to have been the first monarch of all India, cf. bharata, col. 2), a N. of India (= bhā- rata). —Bharata-vākya, am, n. ‘the speech of Bharata,’ N. of the seventy-seventh chapter of the Uttara-kāṇḍa or seventh book of the Rāmāyaṇa; N. of the eighty-third chapter of the Pātāla-khaṇḍa or fourth part of the Padma-Purāṇa. —Bharata- śārdūla, as, m. ‘tiger-like descendant of Bharata,’ the most distinguished or excellent of the Bharatas. —Bharata-śreṣṭha, as, ā, am, or bharata-sat- tama, as, ā, am, ‘best of the Bharatas,’ the most distinguished of the descendants of Bharata. —Bha- rata-sena, as, m., N. of an author of commentaries on the Megha-dūta, Raghu-vaṃśa, Śiśupāla-vadha, and Bhaṭṭi-kāvya. —Bharata-svāmin, ī, m., N. of a commentator on the Vedas; of an astronomer. —Bharatāgraja (°ta-ag°), as, m. ‘the elder bro- ther of Bharata,’ an epithet of Rāma. —Bharatā- vāsa (°ta-āv°), as, m. ‘abode of Bharata,’ N. of the twenty-ninth chapter of the Pātāla-khaṇḍa or fourth part of the Padma-Purāṇa. —Bharatāśrama (°ta- āś°), as, m. ‘the hermitage of Bharata,’ N. of a hermitage. —Bharateśvara-tīrtha (°ta-īś°), am, n., N. of a Tīrtha. [ ID=35146 ]

### Other Specific Human Individuals (7 definitions)
- a son of Agni Bharata  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a son of Agni Bharata, Mahābhārata (Title) [ ID=148726 ]
- the son of Dhruvasandhi and father of Asita  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > [Printed book page 747,3] of a son of Dhruvasaṃdhi and father of Asita, Rāmāyaṇa (Title) [ ID=148728 ]
- of a son of Vitihotra  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a son of Vītihotra, Viṣṇu-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=148731 ]
- of a Manu  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a Manu (who gave the name to the country Bhārata), in the same place [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=148732 ]
- the son of Manu Bhautya  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a son of Manu Bhautya, Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=148733 ]
- of a king of Ashmaka  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a king of Aśmaka, Vāsavadattā (Title), Introd. [ ID=148734 ]
- Bharata-mallika  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > = Bharata-mallīka (below) [ ID=148737 ]

### Miscellaneous Meanings and Feminine Forms (5 definitions)
- a priest  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a priest (= ऋत्विज् (ṛtvij) ), Naighaṇṭuka, commented on by Yāska (subtitle) iii, 18 [ ID=148718 ]
- the fire in which the rice for Brahmans is boiled  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the fire in which the rice for Brāhmans is boiled, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=148723 ]
- an Apsaras  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2B) [Printed book page 747,3] भरता (bharatā) ( आ (ā) ), f. N. of an Apsaras, Viṣṇu-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=148739 ]
- the daughter of Agni Bharata  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > भरती (bharatī) ( ई (ī) ), f. N. of a daughter of Agni Bharata, Mahābhārata (Title) [ ID=148740 ]
- of a river  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a river, Viṣṇu-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=148741 ]

### Emperor Bharata (son of Duṣyanta) (2 definitions)
- a celebrated hero and monarch of India and the first universal emperor  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a celebrated hero and monarch of India (son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā, the first of 12 Cakra-vartins or Sārvabhaumas i.e. universal emperors), Ṛg-veda (Title); Brāhmaṇa (Literary category); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. [ ID=148727 ]
- 1. To be supported or maintained. 2. A proper name.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 204-b ] bharatá, a. to be supported or maintained; esp. to be kept alive by the care of men, as epithet of the god Agni; as m. Bharata, name of a patriarchal hero. [ √bhṛ, 1176e.] [ ID=2962 ]

### Other Specific Divine or Mythological Figures (2 definitions)
- an epithet of Rudra  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of Rudra (the Maruts are called his sons), Ṛg-veda (Title) ii, 36, 8 [ ID=148724 ]
- belonging to an Aditya  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of an Āditya, Nirukta, by Yāska (Title) viii, 13 [ ID=148725 ]

### Sage Jaḍabharata (son of Ṛṣabha) (2 definitions)
- a son of Rishabha  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a son of Ṛṣabha, Purāṇas (Literary category) [ ID=148730 ]
- Jaḍabharata  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > = Jaḍabharata ( q.v. ), Apte’s The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary (Title) [ ID=148736 ]

### The God Agni as Bharata (2 definitions)
- an epithet of Agni  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 747,2] भरत (bharata) m. ‘to be or being maintained’, N. of Agni (kept alive by the care of men), Ṛg-veda (Title); Brāhmaṇa (Literary category); Kauśika-sūtra (Title) [ ID=148716 ]
- a particular fire god who is the father of Bharata and Bharati  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a partic. Agni (father of Bharata and Bharatī), Mahābhārata (Title) [ ID=148717 ]

### Actor or Performer (1 definition)
- an actor, dancer, or tumbler  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > an actor, dancer, tumbler, Yājñavalkya (Author); Mālatīmādhava (Title); Prabodha-candrodaya (Title) [ ID=148719 ]

### Barbarian or Mountaineer (1 definition)
- a barbarian or mountaineer  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a barbarian, mountaineer (= शबर (śabara) ), Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=148722 ]

### Bharata (brother of Rāma) (1 definition)
- the son of Dasharatha and Kaikeyi, and younger devoted brother of Rama  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a son of Daśaratha and Kaikeyī (and younger brother of Rāma, to whom he was very much devoted), Mahābhārata (Title); Rāmāyaṇa (Title) &c. [ ID=148729 ]

### Bharata Muni (Sage of Dramaturgy) (1 definition)
- an ancient sage and author, especially of the Natya Shastra on dramatic art  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of various teachers and authors ( esp. of an ancient Muni supposed author of a manual of the dramatic art called Nāṭya-śāstra or Bharata-śāstra) [ ID=148735 ]

### Geographical Name (Country/Region/Varṣa) (1 definition)
- the name of a particular region  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2B) [Printed book page 747,3] भरत (bharata) n. pl. N. of a partic. Varṣa, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=148742 ]

### Hireling or Mercenary (1 definition)
- A hireling or mercenary.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a hireling, mercenary, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=148721 ]

### The Bharata People/Tribe/Lineage (1 definition)
- descendants of Bharata, a tribe  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > pl. ‘the descendants of Bharata’, N. of a tribe, Ṛg-veda (Title) &c. &c. [ ID=148738 ]

### Weaver (1 definition)
- a weaver  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a weaver, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=148720 ]

### Other (16 definitions)
- Son of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, an ancient universal emperor and founder of the Bharata dynasty, also known as Sarvadamana.  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 120-2 ] Bharata 1 (Dauṣmanti). § 3 (Anukram.): I, 1, 46 (his race is descended from Sahasrajyotis).—§ 5 (do.): I, 1 α, 220 bis (has died).—§ 11 (Parvas.): I, 2, 371 (son of Duṣmanta and Śakuntalā; the Bhārata race is named after him).— § 133 (Duṣyanta): I, 69 (called Sarvadamana; became a cakravartin sārvabhauma), 2814.—§ 135 (Śakunt.): I, 74, 3106 (etymology), 3118, 3122, 3123 ( Bharatād Bhāratī kīrttir ), 3124 ( °syānvavāye hi ), 3126 ( °sya vaṃśaṃ ).—§ 150 (Pūruv.): I, 94, 3709 ( Duṣyantād Bh°o jajñe ).—§ 151 (do.): I, 94, 3710. With his three wives Bharata begat altogether nine sons, with whom he was not pleased, as they were not like him; their mothers therefore became angry and slew them ( ninyur Yamakṣayaṃ ). Bharata then, per- forming great sacrifices, obtained from Bharadvāja a son named Bhumanyu, who became his heir-apparent; 3712.— § 153 (Saṃvaraṇa): I, 94, 3736 (pl.? °ādhyuṣitaṃ pūrvaṃ …purottamaṃ ).—§ 155 (do.): I, 94, 3752 ( °syānvaye ). —§ 156 (do.): I, 95, ††3782 (son of Duṣyanta and Śakun- talā), ††3785 ( °tvaṃ; married Kāśeyī Sārvasenī Sunandā, who bore him Bhumanyu).—§ 171 (Vicitravīryasutotp.): I, 105, 4226 ( °vaṃśasya ).—§ 177 (Pāṇḍudigvijaya): I, 113, 4461.—§ 202 (Droṇa): I, 131, 5156 ( °ānvaye ).—§ 241 (Vidurāgamanap.): I, 202, 7432.—§ 253 (Haraṇāharaṇap.): I, 221, 7969 ( °ānvaye ).—§ 267 (Yama-sabhā-v.): II, 8, 322 (in the palace of Yama).—§ 274 (Rājasūyārambhap.): II, 15, 649.—§ 377 (Dhaumya-tīrthak.): III, 90, 8379 ( rājā cakravartī; performed 35 horse-sacrifices on the Yamunā). —§ 413 (Tīrthay.): III, 135, 10692 ( Kardamilaṃ… Bharatasyābhiṣecanaṃ ).—§ 516 (Duryodhanayajña): III, 257, 15329.—§ 562 (Bhagavadyānap.): V, 90 ν, 3146.— § 595 (Ṣoḍaś.): VII, 68 : When a child in the forest Bh. D. ( Śākuntalaḥ, v. 2387) bound the lions and checked the Page121-a+ 63 tigers, etc., whence he was called Sarvadamana, and his mother forbade him to torture animals. He performed 100 horse-sacrifices on the banks of the Sarasvatī, and 400 on the banks of the Gaṅgā; then once more 1,000 horse-sacrifices and 100 Rājasūyas, etc., etc.; he gave 10,000 billions of kine of the purest gold to Kaṇva. The gods with Indra and brahmans set up his sacrificial stake (of gold, 100 vyāmas in width). To brahmans he gave horses, elephants, etc.; 2377 ( Dauṣmantaṃ —B. Dauṣyantiṃ—Bharataṃ ), 2387 ( Śākuntalaḥ ).—§ 632 b (Ṣoḍaśarājika;) cf. § 595, Bharata): XII, 29, 938 ( Dauṣmantiṃ Śākuntalaṃ ), 940 ( Dauṣmantiḥ ), 941, 942.—§ 656 (Khaḍgotpattik.): XII, 166 δ, 6195 ( Dauṣmantiḥ ).—§ 721 (Viśvāmitrop.): XIII, 4, 201 ( Bh°syānvaye ).—§ 746 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 76 ι, 3690 ( cakravartī ).—§ 761 (do.): XIII, 115 δ, 5666, 5669.—§ 770 (do.): XIII, 151 μ, 7128 ( triloke viśrutaṃ vīraṃ Bharatañ ca prakīrttayet | gavāmayena yajñena yeneṣṭaṃ vai Kṛte yuge | Rantidevaṃ mahādevaṃ kīrttayet paramadyutiṃ ).—§ 775 (do.): XIII, 166 η, 7676 ( cakravartī ).—§ 778 (Aśvamedhik.): XIV, 3, 50 ( Dauṣmantiḥ Śākuntalaḥ ).—§ 795 (Svargārohaṇap.): XVIII, 3 θ, 107. [ ID=1329 ]
- son of Dasharatha and Kaikeyi, and uterine brother of Rama  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > [Printed book page 121-1 ] Bharata 2 (Dāśarathi). § 525 (Rāmop.): III, 274, 15878, 15879 (son of Daśaratha and Kaikeyī, and uterine brother of Rāma Dāśarathi).—§ 527 (do.): III, 277 (invested as yuvarāja, when Rāma was exiled), 15970, 15975.—§ 543 (Rāmarājyābhiṣeka): III, 295 (Rāma saw Bh. at Nandi- grāma, and has the kingdom made over to him by Bh.), 16591, 16592, 16593, 16594, 16595. [ ID=1330 ]
- 1. A specific sacred fire. 2. An epithet of Agni who sustains all creatures.  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > Bharata 3 (two or more Fires). § 490 (Āngirasa): III, 219, 14135, 14136, 14137 ( paurṇamāsyeṣu sarveṣu havi- ṣājyaṃ srucodyataṃ | Bharato nāmatah so 'gnir dvitīyaḥ Śaṃyutaḥ sutaḥ | tisraḥ kanyā bhavanty anyā yāsāṃ sa Bharataḥ patiḥ | Bharatas tu sutas tasya Bharaty ekā ca putrikā | Bharato Bharatasyāgneḥ pāvakas tu Prajāpateḥ | mahān atyartham ahitas tathā Bharatasattama ); 221, 14176, 14177 ( gurubhir niyamair jāto Bharato nāma pāvakaḥ | agniḥ Puṣṭimatir nāma tuṣṭaḥ puṣṭiṃ prayacchati | bharaty eṣa prajāḥ sarvās tato Bharata ucyate ).—§ 493 (do.): III, 222, 14213 ( dahan mṛtāni bhūtāni tasyāgnir Bharato 'bhavat; v. Bhara). [ ID=1331 ]
- descendants of Bharata, or the people and race named Bharata  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > Bharata 4 (pl. °āḥ ) (“descendants of Bharata, or the people and race named Bh.”): I, 367 ( katheyaṃ…Bha°ānāṃ mahātmanāṃ ), 2308 ( °ānāṃ mahaj janma ), 2320 (do.), 2321 (= do.); 3126 ( °ānāṃ svastyayanaṃ ), 4270 (the royal house of Hāstinapura), 5160; II, 2396 (principally the Duryo- dhanista), 2560, 2650 (principally the Duryodhanists), 2690 ( °ānāṃ striyaḥ, i.e. those of the Duryodhanists), 2695 ( °ānām abhūtaye, i.e. do.), 2700 (= do.); III, 1114 ( °ānām abhūtaye, principally the Duryodhanists), †1361 (those who were assembled in the hall of Dhṛtarāṣṭra), †10245 ( °pradhānān, principally the Duryodhanists), 15155 ( °ānāṃ kulodvaha = Duryodhana), 17474 ( Pāṇḍavān ); IV, 912 ( Śāntanavo Bhīṣmo Bharatānāṃ pitāmahaḥ ), 913, 1838 (principally the Duryo- dhanists), 2035 ( °ānāṃ pitāmahaḥ Bhīṣmo ); V, 2105 (principally the Duryodhanists), 2914 ( °striyaḥ ), 2966 (principally the Duryodhanists), 3399 (i.e. Pāṇḍavāḥ), 4211, 5651 (i.e. the Duryodhanists); VI, 37 ( °ānāṃ pitāmahaḥ, i.e. Vyāsa), 497 ( Bhīṣmo…Bharatānāṃ pitāmahaḥ ), 1972 ( °ānāṃ pitāmahaḥ = Bhīṣma), 5687, 5736; VII, †59 (i.e. the Duryodh.), 76 ( °striyaḥ, i.e. of the Duryodh.), 308 ( °striyaḥ ), 1023 (i.e. the Duryodh.), 1240 (do.), 3123; VIII, 738 ( °kṣayaḥ ), 1252 (i.e. Pāṇḍavāḥ), †1971 (i.e. Pāṇḍavāḥ), 2866 ( °kṣayaḥ ); IX, 122 (the Duryodh.). 1664 (= do., Page121-b+ 63 °kṣaye ); X, 681 ( °ānāṃ pitāmahaḥ, i.e. Vyāsa); XI, 270 ( °striyaḥ ), 440 (id.), 479 ( °yoṣitaḥ ), 680 ( °kṣayaṃ ), 751 ( °striyaḥ ); XII, 1 (id.), 1588 ( °ānāṃ pitāmahaḥ, i.e. Bhīṣma), 1930 ( °ānāṃ pitāmahaṃ, i.e. Bhīṣma); XIII, 7729, 7768 ( °ānāṃ kulodvahaḥ, i.e. Bhīṣma), 7778 ( °strībhir ); XIV, 1505 ( Subhadrādyāḥ °ānāṃ striyaḥ ), 1549, 2010 ( °striyaḥ ), 2036 (id.), 2038 ( °siṃhānāṃ ); XVII, 46 ( °sattamāḥ, i.e. Pāṇḍavāḥ). [ ID=1332 ]
- The eldest son of Rishabha and Jayanti who became a sage, was later reborn as a deer and then as a brahmana, and instructed King Rahugana on spiritual knowledge and samsara.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 2-537 ] Bharata (I) — (Jaḍa): the eldest of the hundred sons of Ṛṣabha (Nābhi) and Jayantī; was devoted to Nārāyaṇa; 1 a Mahābhāgavata; married Pāñcajanī, daughter of Viśvarūpa and she gave birth to five sons; was installed on the throne; protected his subjects righteously and performed yajñas by the method of Cāturhotra; having spent a million years thus he divided his property among his sons and placed Sumati on his throne; he left for the hermitage of Pulastya as a hermit and became constant in the worship of Hari; gave up his kingdom and sought refuge in Hari; 2 a sage; 3 one day when sitting on the bank of the river Cakranadī he saw a deer coming to the river and quenching her thirst; hearing a lion roar near by the deer took a leap when the young one slipped from her womb into the water and the deer herself fell dead; seeing this helpless one of a deer, Bharata loved it and brought it up as his own son; out of strong attachment to it he was born as a deer when he remembered his past life and was full of remorse; gave up his body by falling into the waters; 4 next he was born as the son of a Brahmana of the Aṅgirasa line and with upanayana the father taught him Vedic literature; on his parents' death his brothers found him mad and unpractical and appointed him to work in the fields; once a certain Vṛṣala chieftain wanted to offer human sacrifice to Bhadrakālī and finding that the victim had escap- Page2-538+ 38 ed, his attendants took this Jaḍabharata by force for sacrifice; at the point of his being sacrificed, Kālī who knew the Brahmana's spiritual virtue appeared in a ferocious form and cutting off the heads of all, rescued Bharata; 5 once on his way to sage Kapila, King Rahūgaṇa felt the need for a palanquin-bearer and seeing Bharata the dull-witted at a distance on the banks of the Ikṣumatī, asked him to bear his palanquin; finding it carried irregularly causing in- convenience to him the haughty king chastised the Brahmana and threatened him with punishment; to this Bharata made a learned reply that all his remarks were true and nothing would harm one who had realised himself; on this the king free from haughtiness, thought that he was a yogin, and perhaps Kapila incognito; so he asked him who he was; Bharata spoke on mind and its eleven courses modified by māyā as obstacles to the dawn of knowledge; he continued to say that what was important was jñāna or knowledge which could be acquired by association with great and detach- ed men; in his own case he got defeated in his purpose by attachment to a deer. 6 Bharata described in metaphysical language samsāra as a forest, and the jivas as a company of travelling merchants now meeting a Gandharva and now devils, now gathering wealth and now robbed of it; he then explained the implica- tions of samsāra in plain language and said that the quest after desires and pleasures led one to acquire more karma and sow the seeds for a further cycle of births and deaths; 7 was succeeded as king by his son Sumati, 8 Manu so-called for sustaining the people; after him the Varṣa came to be known as Bhārata; 9 desirous of the territory on earth. 10 Page2-539+ 39 [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. V. 4. 9; 7. 3; XI. 2. 17.] [ Footnote: 2) Ib. V. 5. 28; 7. (whole); X. 60. 41; Vā. 33. 51-3.] [ Footnote: 3) Ib. 41. 44.] [ Footnote: 4) Bhā. V. 8. (whole); Vi. II. chh. 14-16, 20.] [ Footnote: 5) Bhā. V. 9. (whole).] [ Footnote: 6) Ib. V. chh. 10 and 11. (whole); and 12. 5-16.] [ Footnote: 7) Ib. V. 13. 1-20; 14. 1-41.] [ Footnote: 8) Ib. V. 15. 1.] [ Footnote: 9) Ib. V. 4. 9; 7. 3; XI. 2. 17; Br. II. 14. 60-63; Vā. 45. 76; Vi. II. 1, 28, 32-4.] [ Footnote: 10) Bhā. XII. 3. 9.] [ ID=9467 ]
- A son of Dasharatha.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 2-539 ] Bharata (II) — a son of Daśaratha; 1 had two sons Takṣa and Puṣkala who had Gāndhāra for their kingdom; 2 wore bark of wood and ate food dressed with gomūtra, took bed on the bare earth during Rāma's exile, when he was at Nandi- grāma meditating on the Pādukā of Rāma he took his place on the śilā; his āśrama, where holy men congregated; return- ed to Ayodhyā with all royal paraphernalia on hearing of Rāma's arrival; embraced by Rāma; 3 was present at Rāma's coronation; 4 killed a number of Gandharvas. 5 [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. IX. 10. 3; Vā. 88. 184, 189; Vi. IV. 4. 87.] [ Footnote: 2) Bhā. IX. 11. 12; Br. III. 63. 185; Vi. IV. 4. 104.] [ Footnote: 3) Bhā. IX. 10. 34-40, 43; Vā. 108. 24, 33-5.] [ Footnote: 4) Vi. IV. 4. 100.] [ Footnote: 5) Bhā. IX. 11. 13.] [ ID=9468 ]
- A son of Dushyanta and Shakuntala, and a righteous emperor who ruled for twenty-seven thousand years.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Bharata (III) — a son of Duṣyanta and Śakuntalā; an- nounced to Duṣyanta as such by a voice from the air; an amśa of Hari; brought up in his early age by the sage Kaṇva; became cakravarti after his father; anointed Adhirāṭ; per- formed 55 horse sacrifices on the banks of the Ganges and the Yamunā with the aid of Purodha Māmatiya; he tied to the sacrificial post 3300 horses and distributed liberally cows and elephants to priests; he brought under his subjection the Kirātas, Hūṇas, Yavanas, Āndhras, and all the Mlecchas; he recovered the celestial women from Rasātala; he ruled righteously for 27000 years; he had three wives of Vidarbha origin; as they did not resemble their father the nine sons born to these were killed by their mothers who feared that they might be set aside; to perpetuate his line, Bharata per- formed Marutsoma when the Maruts presented him Bharad- vāja, son of Bṛhaspati whom he adopted as his son; 1 made the 16 gifts; 2 again performed Marutsoma for getting a son; Bha- radvāja was born as Vitatha to Bharata when Bharata died. [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. IX. 20. 17-35; M. 49. 11-5, 28-31; Vā. 99. 134; Vi. IV. 19. 10-16.] [ Footnote: 2) M. 274. 12.] [ Footnote: 3) Vā. 99. 152-8.] [ ID=9469 ]
- a name of Brahmandanagni  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Bharata (IV) — a name of Brahmandanāgni Br. II. 12. 8; Vā. 29. 7. [ ID=9470 ]
- a country south of the Himalayas and north of the ocean, divided into nine parts, peopled by Aryas and Mlecchas, and traversed by sacred rivers  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 2-540 ] Bharata (V) — also Bhāratavarṣa — a country adjacent to Meru: north of the sea and south of the Himālayas: nine divisions of; S. to N. 1000 Yojanas, from Kumarī to the Ganges' source: E. to W. 9000 Yojanas: the Kirātas were on the East and the Yavanas on the West: slowly the four castes grew; seven Kulaparvatas; was peopled by the Aryas and the Mlecchas and fed by a number of rivers of ever flowing waters like the Ganges, Sindhu: contains a number of kingdoms and tribes: four Yugas in. Br. II. 15. 50; 16. 4-69; 29. 23; Vā. 34. 57; 41. 85. [ ID=9471 ]
- a kingdom in the east, watered by the Ganges  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Bharata (VI) — a kingdom in the east, watered by the Ganges. Br. II. 18. 50. [ ID=9472 ]
- born from the middle of the hand of Brahma  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Bharata (VII) — born from the middle of the hand of Brahmā. M. 3. 11. [ ID=9473 ]
- The author of the Natyashastra who cursed Urvashi for losing her focus during a performance.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Bharata (VIII) — the famous author of the Nāṭyaśāstra; got Menakā, Ūrvaśī and Rambhā to enact Lakṣmīsvayamvara before Indra and Purūravas when Ūrvaśī fell in love with the latter and forgot her abhinaya, for which Bharata cursed her. M. 24. 27-33. [ ID=9474 ]
- a son of Karandhama  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Bharata (IX) — a son of Karandhama. M. 48. 2. [ ID=9475 ]
- a son of Talajangha and father of Vrisha  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Bharata (X) — a son of Tālajangha and father of Vṛṣa. Vi. IV. 11. 24-5. [ ID=9476 ]
- a tribe  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 2-541 ] Bharatas — a tribe. Vā. 47. 48. [ ID=9478 ]
- an ancient people of great importance in the Rigveda and later literature  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > भरत (bharata) [Printed book page 2-094 ] Bharata is the name of a people of great importance in the Rigveda and the later literature. In the Rigveda they appear prominently in the third and seventh Maṇḍalas in connexion Page2-095+ 65 with Sudās and the Tṛtsus, 1 while in the sixth Maṇḍala they are associated with Divodāsa. 2 In one passage 3 the Bharatas are, like the Tṛtsus, enemies of the Pūrus: there can be little doubt that Ludwig's view of the identity of the Bharatas and and Tṛtsus is practically correct. More precisely Oldenberg 5 considers that the Tṛtsus are the Vasiṣṭhas, the family singers of the Bharatas; while Geldner 6 recognizes, with perhaps more probability, in the Tṛtsus the royal family of the Bharatas. That the Tṛtsus and Bharatas were enemies, as Zimmer 7 holds, is most improbable even on geographical grounds, for the Tṛtsus in Zimmer's view 8 occupied the country to the east of the Paruṣṇī (Ravi), and the Bharatas must therefore be regarded as coming against the Tṛtsus from the west, whereas the Rigveda 9 recognizes two Bharata chiefs on the Sarasvatī, Āpayā, and Dṛṣadvatī — that is, in the holy land of India, the Madhyadeśa. Hillebrandt 10 sees in the connexion of the Tṛtsus and the Bharatas a fusion of two tribes; but this is not supported by any evidence beyond the fact that in his opinion some such theory is needed to explain Divodāsa's appearing in connexion with the Bharadvāja family, while Sudās, his son, ^4 Translation of the Rigveda, 3, 172 et seq. Page2-096+ 65 or perhaps grandson ( cf. Pijavana ), is connected with the Vasiṣṭhas and the Viśvāmitras. In the later literature the Bharatas appear as especially famous. The Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 11 mentions Bharata Dauḥ- ṣanti as a king, sacrificer of the Aśvamedha (‘horse sacrifice’) and Śatānīka Sātrājita, as another Bharata who offered that sacrifice. The Aitareya Brāhmaṇa 12 mentions Bharata Dauḥ- ṣanti as receiving the kingly coronation from Dīrghatamas Māmateya, and Śatānīka as being consecrated by Somaśuṣman Vājaratnāyana, a priest whose name is of quite late origin. The geographical position of the Bharata people is clearly shown by the fact that the Bharata kings win victories over the Kāśis, and make offerings on the Yamunā (Jumna) and Gaṅgā (Ganges). 13 Moreover, in the formula of the king's proclama- tion for the people, the variants recorded 14 include Kuravaḥ, Pañcālāḥ, Kuru-Pañcālāḥ, and Bharatāḥ; and the Mahābhārata consistently recognizes the royal family of the Kurus as a Bharata family. 15 It is therefore extremely probable that Oldenberg 16 is right in holding that the Bharatas in the times of the Brāhmaṇas were merging in the Kuru-Pañcāla people. The ritual practices of the Bharatas are repeatedly mentioned in the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, 17 the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, 18 the Page2-097+ 67 Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, 19 and the Taittirīya Āraṇyaka. 20 Already in the Rigveda 21 there is mention made of Agni Bhārata (‘of the Bharatas’). In the Āprī hymns 22 occurs a goddess Bhāratī, the personified divine protective power of the Bharatas: her association in the hymns with Sarasvatī reflects the connexion of the Bharatas with the Sarasvatī in the Rigveda. 9 Again, in the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 23 Agni is referred to as brāhmaṇa Bhārata, ‘priest of the Bharatas,’ and is invited to dispose of the offering Manuṣvat Bharatavat, ‘like Manu,’ ‘like Bharata.’ 24 In one or two passages 25 Sudās or Divodāsa and, on the other hand, Purukutsa or Trasadasyu appear in a friendly relation. Possibly this points, as Oldenberg 26 suggests, to the union of Bharatas and Pūrus with the Kurus. A Bharata is referred to in the fifth Maṇḍala of the Rig- veda: 27 who he was is uncertain. [ Footnote: 1) iii. 53, 9. 12, 24; 33, 11, 12 (Viśvā mitra, who is accordingly hailed as Bharata-ṛṣabha, ‘bull of the Bharatas,’ in the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, vii. 17, 7); vii. 8, 4; 33, 6, in which passage a defeat of the Bharatas, and their rescue by the aid of Vasiṣṭha, is clearly referred to; not, as was formerly thought ( e.g., Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 12, 354; Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 127), a defeat of the Bharatas by the Tṛtsus.] [ Footnote: 2) vi. 16, 4. 5. Cf. verse 19.] [ Footnote: 3) vii. 8, 4.] [ Footnote: 5) Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen- ländischen Gesellschaft, 42, 207. In Buddha, 405 et seq., he accepted the identification of Ludwig.] [ Footnote: 6) Vedische Studien, 2, 136 et seq. ] [ Footnote: 7) Altindisches Leben, 127. This is also Bloomfield's view (see Journal of the American Oriental Society, 16, 41, 42).] [ Footnote: 8) Op. cit., 124.] [ Footnote: 9) iii. 23, 4: in verse 2 Devasravas and Devavāta are mentioned as Bhāratas, Oldenberg, Buddha, 410, n., mentions that in the Mahābhārata, iii. 6065, a tributary of the Sarasvatī is called Kauśikī, and the Kuśikas are, of course, the family of Viśvāmitra, whose connexion with the Bharatas is beyond question.] [ Footnote: 10) Vedische Mythologie, 1, 111. His view is that Sudās and the Bharatas were later comers than the Tṛtsus, who joined them as one people, the Vasiṣṭhas becoming the priests of the Bharatas. He suggests that the Vasiṣṭhas were not originally adherents of the Indra- Soma cult, but were specially devoted to the Varuṇa cult; but there is no decisive evidence for either sug- gestion. Cf. Bloomfield, as cited in n. 7.] [ Footnote: 11) xiii. 5, 4.] [ Footnote: 12) viii. 23 and 21.] [ Footnote: 13) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xiii. 5, 4, 11. 21.] [ Footnote: 14) In the Taittirīya Saṃhitā, i. 8, 10, 2, and the Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, i. 7, 4, 2, the phrase is eṣa vo, Bharatā, rājā; the Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, in the Kāṇva recension, xi. 3, 3; 6, 3, has Kura- vaḥ, Pañcālāḥ (evidently as a joint people); Āpastamba, xviii. 12, 7, gives Bharatāḥ, Kuravaḥ, Pañcālāḥ, Kuru-Pañcālāḥ, and janatāḥ, as alternatives, according to the people to whom the king belongs; the Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā, xv. 7, and the Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, ii. 6, 7, read esa te janate rājā. See Weber, Indian Litera- ture, 114, n.; von Schroeder, Indiens Literatur und Cultur, 465.] [ Footnote: 15) Oldenberg, Buddha, 409.] [ Footnote: 16) Op. cit., 408. He points out (409, n.) that in the Satapatha Brāh- maṇa, xiii. 5, 4, only the Kuru king. Janamejaya, and the Bharata kings are mentioned without specification of the peoples over whom they ruled.] [ Footnote: 17) xiv. 3, 13; xv. 5, 24, and perhaps xviii. 10, 8, on which see Weber, Indische Studien, 10, 28, n. 2; below, p. 98.] [ Footnote: 18) ii. 25; iii. 18. The sense ‘mer- cenary soldier,’ here seen by the St. Petersburg Dictionary, s.v. 2 (no longer mentioned in the Dictionary of Böht- lingk), cannot be accepted. See Weber, Indische Studien, 9, 254; Oldenberg, Buddha, 407, n. On the other hand, there is no mention of the Bharatas in the geographical lists of the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa (viii. 14). in the Mānava Dharma Śāstra, or in the Buddhist texts. This means that the Bharatas were no longer a people, but a family or sub-tribe in a larger people.] [ Footnote: 19) v. 4, 4, 1.] [ Footnote: 20) i. 27, 2.] [ Footnote: 21) ii. 7, 1. 5; iv. 25, 4; vi. 16, 19; Taittirīya Saṃhitā, ii. 5, 9, 1; Śata- patha Brāhmaṇa, i. 4, 2, 2. Roth thinks this epithet of Agni perhaps means ‘warlike,’ but this is unlikely.] [ Footnote: 22) Rv. i. 22, 10; 142, 9; 188, 8; ii. 1, 11; 3, 8; iii. 4, 8, etc.] [ Footnote: 9) iii. 23, 4: in verse 2 Devasravas and Devavāta are mentioned as Bhāratas, Oldenberg, Buddha, 410, n., mentions that in the Mahābhārata, iii. 6065, a tributary of the Sarasvatī is called Kauśikī, and the Kuśikas are, of course, the family of Viśvāmitra, whose connexion with the Bharatas is beyond question.] [ Footnote: 23) i. 4, 2, 2.] [ Footnote: 24) i. 5, 1, 7.] [ Footnote: 25) i. 112, 14; vii. 19, 8.] [ Footnote: 26) Op. cit., 410.] [ Footnote: 27) v. 54, 14. For a later legend of Bharata, cf. Leumann, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 48, 80 et seq.; von Bradke, ibid., 498-503; and see Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 13, 338, 340, etc.] [ ID=2238 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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