# भूमि (bhūmi)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/bhumi

भूमि (bhūmi) is a Sanskrit word meaning the earth, soil, or ground, divisions of the world, a territory, country, or district, a place, situation, position, posture, attitude, the part or personification played by an actor. Its 29 recorded definitions are grouped into 14 contexts, among them The Earth, Ground, Soil, Land (Physical), Grammatical Info / Cross-Reference, Place, Site, Location, Area.

- **Root:** भू (bhū)
- **Etymology:** E. भू to be and मि Unādi aff — E. bhū to be and mi Unādi aff
- **SLP1:** `BUmi`  **IAST:** bhūmi  **Devanagari:** भूमि
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhumi_%28goddess%29
- **Declensions:** 72 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/bhumi/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** भूमी (bhūmī)

## Meanings by context

### The Earth, Ground, Soil, Land (Physical) (12 definitions)
- the earth, soil, or ground  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 763,1] भूमि (bhūmi) a f. ( Ved. also nom. भूमी (bhūmī) gen. abl. ° म्यास् (°myās) loc. ° म्याम् (°myām) ) the earth, soil, ground, Ṛg-veda (Title) &c. &c. [ ID=152108 ]
- the earth  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > [Printed book page 1331,2] (also) = भू (bhū) (above) [ ID=152120.1 ]
- 1. Earth, ground, or soil. 2. Territory, country, land, or district. 3. Spot, site, or place. 4. Storey or floor. 5. Position, office, or part. 6. Stage in yoga, degree, or extent.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 208-3 ] भूमि (bhūmi) bhū́-mi ( sts. ī ), f. earth; ground, soil ( sts. pl. ), for ( g. ); territory, country, land, district; earth ( as a substance ); spot, site, place; storey, floor; position, office; part ( of an actor ); stage ( in Yoga ); degree, extent; —°, object of ( love, confidence ), opportunity of ( recreation ), prodigy of ( impudence ). [ ID=13315 ]
- 1. The earth. 2. A place or site in general. 3. The base of a geometric figure.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भू (bhū) मि (mi) (bhūmi) [Printed book page 624 ] भू (bhū) मि (mi) (bhūmi) f. ( - मि (mi) ः - मी (-miḥ-mī) ) 1 The earth. 2 Place, site in general. 3 The base of any figure in geometry. E. भू (bhū) to be, and मि (mi) Uṇādi aff. [ ID=28759 ]
- 1. The earth. 2. A place.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 560-a ] भूमि (bhūmi) ( मिः ) ((miḥ)) 2. f. The earth; a place. [ ID=28268 ]
- 1. The earth. 2. A territory or district. 3. Land or soil. 4. A story or floor. 5. A site or situation. 6. An attitude or posture. 7. A mask or dramatic character. 8. A subject or object. 9. The tongue. 10. A plot of ground. 11. An abode or place.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 533-04 ] भूमि (bhūmi) f. 1. The earth, भूयः स भूमेर्धुरमाससंज (bhūyaḥ sa bhūmerdhuramāsasaṃja) R. ii.74; 2. a territory, a district; 3. land, soil, K.S. i.24; 4. a story, floor; 5. a site, a situation; 6. attitude, posture; 7. a mask, a character (in dramaturgy); 8. subject, object; 9. the tongue; 10. ground, plot of ground, R. i.52, iii.61, vi.31, Rt. i.24; 11. abode, place. [ ID=27822 ]
- 1. The earth. 2. Place or site. 3. A district. 4. Land or soil. 5. A story or floor. 6. Attitude or posture. 7. A mask or dramatic character. 8. A subject or object. 9. The tongue. 10. An abode. 11. The base of a geometric figure.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भू (bhū) मि (mi) (bhūmi) [Printed book page 535-a ] भू (bhū) मि (mi) (bhūmi) f. ( - मि (mi) ः - मी (-miḥ-mī) ) 1. The earth. 2. Place, site in general. 3. A district. 4. Land, soil. 5 A story, floor. 6. A site, situation. 7. Attitude, posture. 8. A mask, a character, (in Dramaturgy.) 9. Subject, object. 10. The tongue 11. Abode. 12. The base of any figure in geometry. E. भू (bhū) to be and मि (mi) Unādi aff. [ ID=29668 ]
- 1. The earth. 2. Land, estate, or domain. 3. Place or site.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 0663-b ] भूमि (bhūmi) bhūmi (also bhūmī, i. e. bhū + ma + ī, cf. I. bhūman ), f. 1. The earth, Pañc. 165, 16. 2. Land, estate, Pañc. iii. d. 92; domain (where one governs or works), Bhāg. P. 5, 11, 9. 3. Place, Pañc. 161, 13; site. — Comp. A-, f. 1. anything but earth. 2. an un- suitable place, Śāk. 101, 19. 3. no object for, Śāk. 97, 9 (exceeding). Ati-, f. highest degree, Amar. 80; Utt. Rāmac. 82, 7. Antar-, f. the interior of the earth, Arj. 10, 27; Sund. 2, 8. Karma(n)-, f. the land of holy works, Āryāvarta, or the central part of India, Rām. 2, 109, 28. Janma(n)-, f. home, Pañc. v. d. 25. Pana-, f. a drinking-room, Rām. 5, 14, 39. Malla-, f. an arena for athletic contests. Ba- dhya- ( vb. vadh ), f. place of execution, Hit. 63, 6. Raṅga-, f. 1. a field of battle, Pañc. 35, 3. 2. an arena, Johns. Sel. 9, 11. 3. a stage, a place where Page0664-a+ 42 dancing, etc., is exhibited. Vāsa-, f. a dwelling-place, Hit. 38, 2, M.M. Vi- śvāsa-, f. a person worthy of confidence, Hit. 18, 7, M.M. Saṃketa-, f. place of assignation, Lass. 24, 15. Sthāna-, f. dwelling-place, a palace(?), Lass. 28, 10. Snca-, f. one worthy of love, Mālat. 83, 11. Siddha-, f. the country in which the Siddhas live, Pañc. 242, 5. [ ID=10646 ]
- 1. The earth, ground, soil, land, country, place, or abode. 2. The floor or story of a house. 3. A step or degree. 4. A dramatic position, part, or character. 5. A person or thing worthy of.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 383 ] भूमि (bhūmi) ( भूमी (bhūmī) ) f. the earth, ground, soil, land, country, place, site, abode; floor or story of a house; step, degree ( fig. ); position, part or character ( d. ); a person or thing worthy of (—°). [ ID=23116 ]
- 1. Earth or ground. 2. Land. 3. Place or proper vessel.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 208-a ] bhū́mi, f. —1. earth, 57 11; ground, 43 13; —2. land; —3. place, 23 14; esp. fit place, proper vessel ( cf. sthāna, pātra ), 21 5, 28 3. [ √bhū, 1167 : for mg, cf. bhū́. ] [ ID=3034 ]
- the earth, soil, ground; a territory, country, district; land, estate, domain; a place, site in general, situation; position, posture, attitude; the floor of a house, story; a step or degree; the base of a triangle or geometrical figure; the part or character of an actor; a matter, object, subject; the tongue  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 0717-c ] Bhūmi, is, f. (also bhūmī, f., but this form is more commonly Ved., where occur nom. sing. bhūmī, gen. bhūmyās, loc. bhūmyām ), the earth, soil, ground; a territory, country, district; land, estate, domain; a place, site in general, situation, (often at the end of comps., cf. keśa-bh° ); position, posture, attitude; the floor of a house, story; a step, degree (metaphorically); the base of a triangle or of any geometrical figure; the part or character (of an actor in a play); a matter, object, subject [cf. viśvāsa- bh° ]; the tongue; ( is ), m., N. of a son of Yuyu- dhāna and father of Yugan-dhara; [cf. Lat. humus; Hib. aim.] —Bhūmi-kadamba, as, m. a kind of Kadamba; (also read bhūmī-kadamba. ) —Bhūmi- kandalī, f. a species of plant (= kandalī). —Bhūmi- kapāla, as, ā, am, Ved. having the ground for a vessel or receptacle. —Bhūmi-kampa, as, m. or bhūmi-kampana, am, n. an earthquake. —Bhūmi- kuṣmāṇḍa, as, m. a species of plant (= vidārī). —Bhūmi-khaṇḍa, ‘earth-section,’ N. of the second book of the Padma-Purāṇa; [cf. bhū-khaṇḍa. ] —Bhūmi-kharjūrikā or bhūmi-kharjūrī, f. a species of plam. —Bhūmi-garta, as, m. a pit or hole in the earth. —Bhūmi-guhā, f. a hole in the earth. —Bhūmi-gṛha, am, n. an under-ground chamber [cf. bhū-gṛha ]; (as, ā, am), Ved. whose house is the earth (said of a dead person). —Bhūmi- campaka, as, m. the plant Kæmpferia Rotunda. —Bhūmi-cala, as, m. or bhūmi-calana, am, n. an earthquake. —Bhūmi-ja, as, ā, am, ‘earth-born,’ produced from the earth, sprung from the ground; ( as ), m. the planet Mars; a man; a plant (= bhūmi- kadamba); an epithet of the demon Naraka; hell; ( ā ), f. an epithet of Sītā; ( am ), n. a species of vegetable (= gaura-suvarṇa). —Bhūmija-guggu- lu, us, m. a species of bdellium. —Bhūmi-jambu, us, or bhūmi-jambukā, or bhūmi-jambū, ūs, f. a tree, = nādeyī; [cf. bhū-jambū. ] —Bhūmi-jīvin, ī, m. ‘living by the soil, living on (the produce of) land,’ an agriculturalist, a Vaiśya or Hindū of the third or agricultural class. —Bhūmiñ-jaya, as, m. ( bhumim, acc. of bhūmi ), ‘earth-conquering,’ N. of a son of Virāṭa. —Bhūmi-tala, am, n. the surface of the earth, the ground. —Bhūmi-tuṇḍika, as, m., N. of a district. —Bhūmi-tva, am, n. the state of earth, earthiness, earth (e. g. bhūmitvam eti, he goes to or becomes earth). —Bhūmi-dāna, am, n. donation of landed property. —Bhūmi-dundubhi, is, m., Ved. ‘earth-drum,’ a pit or hole in the earth covered over with skins. —Bhūmi-dṛṃha, as, ā, am, Ved. firmly fixed on the ground. —Bhūmi- deva, as, m. ‘earth-god,’ a Brāhman; ( ī ), f., N. of two women. —Bhūmi-dhara, as, m. ‘earth-sup- porter,’ a mountain; a symbolical expression for the number seven [cf. kula-parvata ]; a king, prince. —Bhūmi-nātha, as, m. ‘earth-lord,’ a king, prince. —Bhūmi-pa, as, m. ‘earth-protector,’ a sovereign, king, prince; a Kṣatriya. —Bhūmi-pakaṣa, as, m. a swift horse, a horse with good paces or of good breed. —Bhūmi-pati, is, m. ‘earth-lord,’ a king, prince. —Bhūmipati-tva, am, n. ‘earth-sovereignty,’ Page0718-a+ 81 sovereignty, kingship, princedom. —Bhūmi-pāla, as, m. ‘earth-guardian,’ a king, prince. —Bhūmi- pāśa, as, m., Ved. ‘earth-fetter,’ a plant. —Bhūmi- piśāca, as, m. ‘earth-piśāca,’ the wine-palam or Palmyra tree, Borassus Flabelliformis. —Bhūmi-pu- tra, as, m. ‘earth-son,’ the planet Mars; N. of a king. —Bhūmi-purandara, as, m. ‘earth-Indra,’ an epithet of Dilīpa. —Bhūmi-bhāga, as, m. a portion or plot of land, place, spot; [cf. bhū-bhāga. ] —Bhūmi-bhuj, k, m. ‘earth-possessor,’ a king, prince. —Bhūmi-bhūta, as, ā, am, become earth; being on the ground. —Bhūmi-bhṛt, t, m. ‘earth- supporter,’ a king, prince; a mountain [cf. bhū- bhṛt ]. —Bhūmi-bhedin, ī, inī, i, differing from (what exists on) earth. —Bhūmi-maṇḍa, as, m. ‘earth-ornament,’ the plant Vallaris Dichotomus; ( ā ), f. Arabian jasmine. —Bhūmi-maṇḍapa-bhū- ṣaṇā, f. the plant Gærtnera Racemosa. —Bhūmi- mat, ān, atī, at, possessing land, having land. —Bhūmi-mitra, as, m. ‘friend of the country,’ N. of two kings. —Bhūmi-rakṣaka, as, m. the guardian or protector of a country; a swift horse, horse of good breed. —Bhūmi-lābha, as, m. ‘gain- ing or returning to earth,’ dying, death. —Bhūmi- lepana, am, n. ‘earth-ointment,’ cow-dung. —Bhū- mi-loka, as, m., Ved. the terrestrial world. —Bhū- mi-vardhana, as, am, m. n. ‘earth-increasing,’ a dead body, corpse. —Bhūmi-śaya, as, ā, am, sleep- ing on the ground, lying or living on the ground, living in the earth; ( as ), m. any animal living in the ground or earth [cf. bhū-śaya ]; ( as ), m. a wild pigeon (= araṇya-caṭaka); N. of a king. —Bhūmi-śayana, am, n. or bhūmi-śayyā, f. the act of sleeping on the (bare) ground. —Bhūmi- ṣṭha, as, ā, am, standing or remaining on the earth or on the ground; lying on the earth, ( ambu bhūmi-ṣṭham, stagnant water); living or remain- ing in one's own country [cf. para-bh° ]. —Bhū- mi-sattra, am, n. an offering consisting of a dona- tion of land. —Bhūmi-sanniveśa, as, m. the general appearance or configuration of a country. —Bhūmi- sambhava, as, ā, am, ‘earth-born, earth-produced,’ produced on or from the earth; ( ā ), f. an epithet of Sītā. —Bhūmi-sava, as, m., Ved. one of the nine Vrātya-stomas. —Bhūmi-suta, as, m. ‘earth-son,’ the planet Mars. —Bhūmi-sena, as, m., N. of one of the sons of the tenth Manu; of a Buddhist sage. —Bhūmi-stoma, as, m. ‘earth-stoma,’ N. of a Stoma. —Bhūmi-snu, us, m. an earth-worm. —Bhū- mi-spṛś, k, k, k, Ved. touching the ground; blind; cripple, lame; ( k ), m. a terrestrial being, man; mankind; an agriculturalist, a Vaiśya or Hindū of the third caste who cultivates the soil; a theif, one who creeps along the ground to carry off his plunder; [cf. bhū-spṛś. ] —Bhūmi-svāmin, ī, m. ‘land-lord,’ a king, prince. —Bhūmī-kadamba, see bhūmi-ka- damba. —Bhūmī-kuravaka, a species of plant. —Bhūmīcchā (°mi-ic°), f. desire for the earth or for lying on the ground. —Bhūmīndra (°mi-in°), as, m. ‘earth-chief,’ a sovereign, king, prince. —Bhū- mī-pati, is, m. = bhūmi-pati. —Bhūmī-bhuj, k, m. = bhūmi-bhuj. —Bhūmī-ruh, ṭ, or bhūmī-ru- ha, as, m. ‘earth-growing,’ a plant, tree. —Bhūmī- śvara (°mi-īś°), as, m. ‘earth-lord,’ a king, prince. —Bhūmī-saha, as, m. a species of tree. —Bhūmy- antara, as, ā, am, belonging to the next country; ( as ), m. the king of an adjacent country. —Bhūmy- āmalakī or bhūmy-ālī, f. the plant Flacourtia Cata- pharacta. —Bhūmy-āhulya, am, n. a species of shrub. —Bhūmy-ekadeśa, as, m. one portion of terri- tory. [ ID=35684 ]
- 1. The earth. 2. Land given to the Aryan people. 3. Grants of land.  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 2-108 ] Bhūmi or Bhūmī is a common word for ‘earth’ in the Rigveda 1 and later, 2 being practically a synonym of Pṛthivī. It is also used of the land given by the god to the Āryan, 3 and of grants of land. 4 [ Footnote: 1) i. 64, 5; 161, 14; ii. 14, 7, etc. So in x. 18, 10, ‘mother earth’ receives the remains of the dead.] [ Footnote: 2) Av. vi. 2, 1, where it is said that the Bhūmi is the highest of the three earths (Pṛthivī); xi. 7, 14, where nine earths and seas are mentioned; ii. 9, 4; vi. 8, 2, etc.] [ Footnote: 3) Rv. iv. 26, 2. Cf. vi. 47, 20.] [ Footnote: 4) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xiii. 5, 4, 24; 6, 2, 18.] [ ID=2285 ]

### Grammatical Info / Cross-Reference (2 definitions)
- See page 763  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 764,2] भूमि (bhūmi) b, भूमी (bhūmī) &c. See p. 763. [ ID=152453 ]
- See the preceding page entry.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > [Printed book page 0718-c ] भूमि (bhūmi) bhūmi, bhūmī, &c. See p. 717, col. 3. [ ID=35698 ]

### Place, Site, Location, Area (2 definitions)
- a place, situation  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a place, situation, Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (Title) &c. &c. [ ID=152111 ]
- the area  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the area, Śulba-sūtra (Literary category) [ ID=152115 ]

### Territory, Country, District, Estate (2 definitions)
- divisions of the world  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( pl. divisions of the world; cf. भूमि - त्रय (bhūmi-traya) ) [ ID=152109 ]
- A territory, country, or district.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a territory, country, district, in the same place [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=152110 ]

### The Earth Personified / Bhūmi Devī (2 definitions)
- the Earth personified  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 150-2 ] *Bhūmi (“Earth”) personified: I, 3017; V, 3973 ( yathā, married to Bhūmipati); XIII, 7236, 7237 ( Kāśyapī ), etc. [ ID=1605 ]
- 1. The earth personified. 2. A goddess or shakti.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > भूमि (bhūmi) [Printed book page 2-576 ] Bhūmi — (also Bhū) Earth personified; 1 a Śakti; 2 equal to divam in measurement; 150 crores of yojanas; extends in all directions from Meru; wife of Dhruva and mother of Sṛṣṭi; milked as cow by Pṛthu with Cākṣuṣa Manu as calf, by Bṛhaspati for the sages, by the sun for the gods, by Antaka for Pitṛs, by Diti's son for the Asuras, by Vāsuki for the Nāgas, by Rajatanābha for the Yakṣas, by the Rākṣasas and Piśācas; 500 crores in extent. 3 Felt the heavy weight of the Asuras and reported to Brahmā in the assemblage of Gods at Meru with special reference to Kamsa,. Viṣṇu per- formed an avatār as Kṛṣṇa to do away with him. 4 On the death of Naraka, she appealed to Kṛṣṇa to forgive his inequi- ties and liberate him. 5 Page2-577+ 26 [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. III. 3. 6.] [ Footnote: 2) Br. IV. 44. 74; M. 2. 32.] [ Footnote: 3) Br. II. 21. 3, 12-17; 36. 96; 202. 27; IV. 37. 90.] [ Footnote: 4) Vi. V. 1. 12-66.] [ Footnote: 5) Ib. V. 29. 23-30.] [ ID=9746 ]

### Base of a Geometrical Figure (1 definition)
- the base of any geometrical figure  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the base of any geometrical figure, Colebrooke (Author) [ ID=152116 ]

### Basis, Subject, Object, Receptacle (1 definition)
- a matter, subject, object, or suitable person for  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( ifc. ) a matter, subject, object, receptacle i.e. fit object or person for ( cf. विश्वास - (viśvāsa-), स्नेह - भ् (sneha-bh) ° (°) &c., and पात्र (pātra), भाजन (bhājana) ) [ ID=152119 ]

### Extent, Limit, Measure (1 definition)
- extent, limit  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > extent, limit, Kirātārjunīya (Title) [ ID=152118 ]

### Floor or Story of a House (1 definition)
- the floor of a house, story  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the floor of a house, story, Meghadūta (Title); Kathāsaritsāgara (Title) [ ID=152114 ]

### Position, Posture, Attitude, Office (1 definition)
- position, posture, attitude  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > position, posture, attitude, Mahābhārata (Title); Kāvya literature (Literary category) &c. [ ID=152112 ]

### Proper Name (Human Individuals) (1 definition)
- The name of a son or grandson of Yuyudhana and father of Yugandhara  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > [Printed book page 763,1] भूमि (bhūmi) m. N. of a son or grandson of Yuyudhāna and father of Yugaṃdhara, Harivaṃśa (Title); Viṣṇu-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=152121 ]

### Role or Character in Drama (1 definition)
- the part or personification played by an actor  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the part or personification (played by an actor), Kathāsaritsāgara (Title) [ ID=152113 ]

### Step, Degree, Stage (Metaphorical/Sequential) (1 definition)
- a step, degree, or stage  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( metaph. ) a step, degree, stage, Yoga-sūtra (Title) (with Buddhists there are 10 or 13 stages of existence or perfection, Dharmasaṃgraha (Title) 45; 46 ) [ ID=152117 ]

### The Tongue (1 definition)
- the tongue  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the tongue, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=152120 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546