# क्षीर (kṣīra)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/kshira

क्षीर (kṣīra) is a Sanskrit word meaning milk or thickened milk, the milky juice or sap of plants, having the head specified, water, the name of a grammarian, name of a plant. Its 19 recorded definitions are grouped into 6 contexts, among them Milk (animal origin, general use), Milky sap/juice of plants, Proper Noun (Person/Lineage).

- **Roots:** श्यै (śyai), घस् (ghas), क्षर् (kṣar)
- **SLP1:** `kzIra`  **IAST:** kṣīra  **Devanagari:** क्षीर
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kshira
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/kshira/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** क्षीरा (kṣīrā)

## Meanings by context

### Milk (animal origin, general use) (11 definitions)
- milk or thickened milk  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 329,3] क्षीर (kṣīra) अम् (am), n. ( fr. √ श्यै (śyai) ?; fr. √ क्षर् (kṣar), or √ घस् (ghas), Nirukta, by Yāska (Title) ii, 5; fr. √ घस् (ghas), Uṇādi-sūtra (Title) iv, 34; g. अर्धर्चा (ardharcā) दि (di) ), milk, thickened milk, RV.; AV.; VS.; TS. &c. ( ifc. f( आ (ā) )., Mahābhārata (Title) xiii, 3700 ) [ ID=59661 ]
- 1. Milk. 2. Milky sap of plants.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 078-3 ] क्षीर (kṣīra) kṣīrá, n. milk; milky sap ( of plants ). [ ID=6575 ]
- 1. Water. 2. Milk.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 264 ] क्षीर (kṣīra) n. ( - रं (-raṃ) ) 1 Water. 2 Milk. f. ( - री (-rī) ) A small shrub (Asclepia rosea;) also दुग्धिका (dugdhikā). 2 A tree, a species of Mimosa, ( M. kauki, Rox.) also क्षीर (kṣīra) िका (kṣīrikā). 3 Gigantic swallow-wort. 4 Euphorbia; several kinds, particularly, E. hirta. E. thymifolia, and E. chamæsyce. E. घस (ghasa) to eat, ईरन् (īran) Uṇādi affix; the fem. nouns are derived from क्षीर (kṣīra) milk, the plants yielding a milky juice or sap, upon expression or incision. [ ID=12374 ]
- 1. Water, milk, or frumenty. 2. A plant such as Asclepia rosea, euphorbia, or the mimosa tree.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 228-a ] क्षीर (kṣīra) ( रं ) ((raṃ)) 1. n. Water; milk; frumenty. f. ( री (rī) ) Asclepia rosea Page228-b+ 38 or euphorbia; a mimosa tree. [ ID=11827 ]
- 1. Milk. 2. The milky juice or sap of plants. 3. Water.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 221-14 ] क्षीर (kṣīra) m.n. 1. Milk, M. v.8; 2. the milky juice or sap of plants, ये तत्क्षीर (kṣīra) स्नुतिसुरभयोदक्षिणेन प्रवृत्ताः (ye tatkṣīrasnutisurabhayodakṣiṇena pravṛttāḥ) Megh. ii.44; 3. water. [ ID=10946 ]
- 1. Water. 2. Milk. 3. A small shrub, Asclepia rosea. 4. A tree, a species of Mimosa. 5. Gigantic swallow-wort. 6. Various kinds of spurge.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 217-b ] क्षीर (kṣīra) n. ( - रं (-raṃ) ) 1. Water. 2. Milk. f. ( - री (-rī) ) A small shrub (Asclepia rosea;) also दुग्धिका (dugdhikā). 2. A tree, a species of Mimosa, (M. kauki, Rox) also क्षीर (kṣīra) िका (kṣīrikā). 3. Gigantic swallow-wort. 4. Euphorbia; several kinds, particularly, E. hirta. E. thymifolia, and E. chamæsyce. E. घस् (ghas) to eat, ईरन् (īran) Unadi affix; the fem. nouns are derived from क्षीर (kṣīra) milk. the plants yielding a milky juice or sap, upon expression or incision. [ ID=12368 ]
- Milk  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 0239-a ] क्षीर (kṣīra) kṣīra, Milk, Man. 5, 8. [ ID=4072 ]
- milk, including plant sap  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 141 ] क्षीर (kṣīra) n. milk (also of plants). [ ID=8876 ]
- milk  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 147-a ] kṣīrá, n. milk. [ prob. √kṣar. ] [ ID=1287 ]
- 1. Milk or thickened milk. 2. The milky juice or sap of plants. 3. The resin of the pine tree. 4. Water.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 0267-c ] क्षीर (kṣīra) kṣīra, as, am, m. n. (probably fr. kṣar, but according to Uṇādi IV. 34. fr. ghas ), milk, thickened milk; the milky juice or sap of plants; the resin of the plant Pinus Longifolia; water; ( as ), m., N. of a grammarian [cf. kṣīra- svāmin ]; ( ā ), f., N. of a plant [cf. kākolī ]; ( ī ), f., N. of several plants containing a milky sap; a small shrub, Asclepia Rosea, also dugdhikā; a species of Mimosa, M. Kauki [cf. kṣīrikā ]; gigantic swallow- wort; Euphorbia &c. —Kṣīra-kañcukin, ī, m., N. of a reed, Lipeocercis Serrata (kṣīrīśa). —Kṣīra- kaṇṭha or kṣīra-kaṇṭhaka, as, m. an infant, a young child, ‘having milk in its throat.’ —Kṣīra- kanda, as, ā, m. f. a kind of pot-herb, black Bhuin- coönra, Convolvulus Paniculatus; [cf. kṣīra-vidā- rī. ] —Kṣīra-kalambha, see kṣairakalambhi. —Kṣīra-kākolikā or kṣīra-kākolī, f. a drug, one of the eight principal medicaments of the Hindūs; it is a root from the Himālaya yielding a milky juice; [cf. kākolī. ] —Kṣīra-kāṇḍaka, as, m. the plant Tithymalus Antiquorum ( snuhī ), and Calotropis Gigantea (arka). —Kṣīra-kāṣṭhā, f., N. of a plant, = vaṭī. —Kṣīra-kīṭa, as, m. an insect or animalcule generated by the fermentation of milk. —Kṣīra-kṣava, as, m., N. of a plant, = dudgha- pāṣāṇa. —Kṣīra-kharjūra, as, m. a species of Datura tree. —Kṣīra-garbha, as, m., N. of a certain Brāhman who was born again as a flamingo. —Kṣīra-ghṛta, am, n. purified butter mixed with milk. —Kṣīra-ja, am, n. coagulated milk. —Kṣīra-taraṅgiṇī, f. title of a grammar com- posed by Kṣīra-svāmin. —Kṣīra-taila, am, n. a kind of unguent prepared with milk, oil, &c. —Kṣīra-toyadhi, is, m. the ocean of milk. —Kṣīra-da, as, ā, am, milk-giving, what yields milk. —Kṣīra-dala, as, m. the plant Calotropis Gigantea ( = arka ), the leaves &c. of which yield a milky juice. —Kṣīra-dātrī, f. yielding milk as a cow. —Kṣīra-druma, as, m. the tree Ficus Re- ligiosa; [cf. aśvattha. ] —Kṣīra-dhara, as, m., N. of a king. —Kṣīra-dhātrī, f. a wet-nurse. —Kṣīra-dhenu, us, f. a milch-cow, symbolically represented by milk &c. offered as a gift to a Brāh- man. —Kṣīra-nāśa, as, m. the tree Trophis Aspera (= śākhoṭa). —Kṣīra-nidhi, is, m. the ocean of milk. —Kṣīra-nīra, am, n. milk and water; em- bracing, embrace (i. e. a union like the mixing of Page0268-a+ 81 milk and water). —Kṣīra-pa, as, ā, am, drinking milk, who or what drinks milk; epithet of a class of ascetics; an infant, a young child. —Kṣīra-parṇin, ī, m. the plant Calotropis Gigantea; [cf. arka and kṣīra-dala. ] —Kṣīra-palāṇḍu, us, m. a kind of onion. —Kṣīra-pāka, as, ā, am, Ved. cooked in milk. —Kṣīra-pāṇa, ās, m. pl. the milk-drinkers, an epithet of the Uśīnaras; ( am ), n. drinking milk; ( as, ī, am ), any vessel out of which milk is drunk. —Kṣīra-pāṇi, is, m., N. of a physician. —Kṣīra- pāyin, ī, iṇī, i, drinking or sucking milk; drinking or imbibing water repeatedly; ( iṇas ), m. pl. the milk-drinkers, an epithet of the Uśīnaras. —Kṣīra- bhṛta, as, ā, am, supported by milk, receiving wages in the form of milk. —Kṣīra-maya, as, ī, am, composed of milk. —Kṣīra-mocaka, as, m. a kind of Moringa, M. Hyperanthera; [cf. mocaka. ] —Kṣīra-moraṭa, as, m. a kind of creeping plant; [cf. sitadru, sudala, kṣīraka. ] —Kṣīra-yaṣ- ṭika, am, n. a dish of liquorice and milk; (perhaps a wrong form for kṣīra-ṣaṣṭika? ). —Kṣīra- latā, f. the plant Batatas Paniculata; [cf. kṣīra- vidārī. ] —Kṣīra-vat, ān, atī, at, Ved. furnished with milk; ( tī ), f., N. of a river. —Kṣīra-vallī, f. the dark Bhuincoönra, Convolvulus Paniculatus. —Kṣīra-vāri, is, m. the sea of milk; [cf. kṣī- roda. ] —Kṣīra-vāridhi, is, m. the sea of milk. —Kṣīra-vikṛti, is, f. inspissated milk. —Kṣīra- vidārikā or kṣīra-vidārī, f. the plant Batatas Paniculata. —Kṣīra-viṣāṇikā, f. the plants Tragia Involucrata ( = vṛścikālī ) and kṣīra-kākolī. —Kṣīra-vṛkṣa, as, m. the glomerous fig tree, Ficus Glomerata [cf. udumbara ]; a common N. for the four trees nyagrodha, udumbara, aśvattha, and madhūka. —Kṣīra-vrata, as, ā, am, living upon milk in consequence of a vow. —Kṣīra- śara, as, m. cream, the surface or skim of milk, curds; [cf. āmikṣā. ] —Kṣīra-śīrṣa, as, m. the resin of the plant Pinus Longifolia; [cf. śrī-vāsa. ] —Kṣīra-śukrā, f. = kṣīra-vidārī and kṣīra- kākolī. —Kṣīra-śukla, as, m. the plant Trapa Bispinosa [cf. jala-kaṇṭaka ]; another plant, = rājādanī; (ā), f. the plant Batatas Paniculata. —Kṣīra-śrī, īs, īs, i, Ved. mixed with milk. —Kṣīra-ṣaṣṭika, am, n. Ṣaṣṭika rice cooked in milk. —Kṣīra-santānikā, f. curds mixed with milk; (a various reading has °santālikā. ) —Kṣīra- samudra, as, m. the sea of milk in Śveta-dīpa. —Kṣīra-sarpis, is, n. clarified butter mixed with milk. —Kṣīra-sāgara, as, m. the ocean of milk; also N. of a place. —Kṣīrasāgara-sutā, f. an epi- thet of Lakṣmī as produced from the ocean of milk. —Kṣīra-sāra, as, m. essence of milk, any product of milk, (in Hindī pālajinu ), butter. —Kṣīra-sphaṭika, as, m. a precious stone, de- scribed as a kind of milky crystal (opal or cat's eye?); [cf. ākāśa-sphaṭika and taila-sphaṭika. ] —Kṣīra- svāmin, ī, m., N. of a grammarian and commen- tator on the Amara-koṣa. —Kṣīra-hrada, as, m., N. of a man. —Kṣīrāda (°ra-ada), as, m. an infant at the breast, a sucking child. —Kṣīrān- nāda (°ra-anna-ada), as, m. an infant which is both fed and suckled. —Kṣīrābdhi (°ra-abdhi), is, m. the sea of milk, one of the seven seas sur- rounding the seven divisions of the terrestrial world. —Kṣīrābdhi-ja, as, m. the moon; the Amṛta or any one of the precious objects produced at the churning of the ocean; an epithet of Śeṣa; an epithet of Tārkṣya; ( ā ), f. an epithet of Lakṣmī; ( am ), n. sea-salt, a pearl. —Kṣīrābdhi-tanayā, f. or kṣīrābdhi-mānuṣī, f. an epithet of Lakṣmī as the daughter of the ocean of milk. —Kṣīrāhva or kṣīrāhvaya (°ra-āh°), as, m. the resin of the plant Pinus Longifolia. —Kṣīroda (°ra-uda), as, ā, am, containing milk instead of water; ( as ), m. the sea of milk; the sea in general. —Kṣīroda- tanayā, f. the daughter of the sea of milk; an epi- thet of Lakṣmī. —Kṣīroda-tanayā-pati, is, m. an epithet of Viṣṇu. —Kṣīrodadhi (°ra-ud°), is, m. the sea of milk. —Kṣīroda-nandana, as, m. the son of the sea of milk, an epithet of the moon. Page0268-b+ 77 —Kṣīroda-mathana, am, n. the churning of the ocean of milk undertaken by the Devas and Asuras to obtain the Amṛta &c. —Kṣīrormi (°ra-ūr°), is, m. a wave of milk, a wave of the sea of milk. —Kṣīraudana (°ra-od°), as, m. rice boiled with milk. [ ID=16496 ]
- Milk  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 1-208 ] Kṣīra, ‘milk,’ also called Go or Payas, played a large part in the economy of the Vedic Indians. 1 It was taken warm ( pakva Page1-209+ 46 as it came from the cow, 2 or was used with grain to make a ‘mess cooked with milk’ ( kṣīra-pākam odanam ). 3 It was also used for mixing with Soma ( Abhiśrī, Āśir ). From it butter ( Ghṛta ) was made. Milk was also curdled, the Pūtīkā and Kvala plants, among others, being used for the purpose. 4 The curdled milk ( Dadhi ) was undoubtedly used for food; and a kind of cheese is perhaps referred to in one passage of the Rigveda. 5 Goat's milk ( aja-kṣīra ) is also mentioned. 6 [ Footnote: 1) The word kṣīra does not occur in Rv. ii. vii. It is found in i. 109, 3; 164, 7; viii. 2, 9; ix. 67, 32; x. 87, 16 (= Av. viii. 3, 15). See Hopkins, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 17, 64, 73 et seq. See also Av. ii. 26, 4; v. 19, 5; x. 9, 12, etc.; Taittirīya Saṃhitā, iii. 4, 8, 7, etc.] [ Footnote: 2)i. 62, 9; 180, 3; iii. 30, 4.] [ Footnote: 3)Rv. viii. 77, 10; Av. xiii. 2, 20. Cf. kṣīra-śrī, ‘milk-mixed,’ Taittirīya Saṃhitā, iv. 4, 0, 1; Vājasaneyi Saṃ- hitā, viii. 57, etc.] [ Footnote: 4) Taittirīya Saṃhitā, ii. 5, 3, 5.] [ Footnote: 5) vi. 48, 18.] [ Footnote: 6) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xiv. 1, 2, 13; see Aja. Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 63, 226, 226, 268.] [ ID=801 ]

### Milky sap/juice of plants (2 definitions)
- the milky juice or sap of plants  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the milky juice or sap of plants, R.; Suśr.; Meghadūta (Title) 106; Śak. ( v.l. ) [ ID=59662 ]
- having the head specified  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > = - शीर्ष (-śīrṣa) ( q.v. ), L. [ ID=59663 ]

### Proper Noun (Person/Lineage) (2 definitions)
- the name of a grammarian  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) ( अस् (as) ), m. N. of a grammarian ( cf. - स्वामिन् (-svāmin) ), Rājataraṃgiṇī (Title) iv, 488 [ ID=59665 ]
- an ancient sage and pravara of the Angiras family  
  *The Purana Index*
  > क्षीर (kṣīra) [Printed book page 1-489 ] Kṣīra — Ārṣeya pravara (Aṅgiras). M. 196. 6. [ ID=3858 ]

### Specific plants named/associated with Kṣīra (2 definitions)
- Name of a plant  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1B) [Printed book page 329,3] क्षीरा (kṣīrā) ( आ (ā) ), f. N. of a plant (= ककोली (kakolī) ), L. [ ID=59666 ]
- various plants containing a milky sap  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of several plants containing a milky sap ( Asclepia rosea, Mimosa Kauki, gigantic swallow-wort, Euphorbia, &c.), L. [ ID=59668 ]

### Dish prepared with milk (1 definition)
- a dish prepared with milk  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > क्षीरी (kṣīrī) ( ई (ī) ), f. a dish prepared with milk, Bhpr. [ ID=59667 ]

### Water (1 definition)
- water  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > water, L. [ ID=59664 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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