# लोक (loka)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/loka

लोक (loka) is a Sanskrit word meaning open space, room, place, or scope, intermediate space, a tract, region, district, country, or province, the wide space or world, especially the sky or heaven, the number seven, the earth or world of human beings. Its 27 recorded definitions are grouped into 10 contexts, among them Comprehensive Entries (Multiple Senses), World, Universe, or Cosmological Divisions, People, Mankind, or Community.

- **Roots:** दा (dā), नी (nī), कृ (kṛ), रुच् (ruc)
- **Etymology:** E. लोक् to see, aff. घञ् । — E. lok to see, aff. ghañ
- **SLP1:** `loka`  **IAST:** loka  **Devanagari:** लोक
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loka
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/loka/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### Comprehensive Entries (Multiple Senses) (9 definitions)
- 1. Space, room, or place. 2. A tract, region, country, world, or division of the universe. 3. Heaven. 4. Earth. 5. Mankind, folks, or people. 6. Men as opposed to women. 7. A community or company. 8. Ordinary life, common usage, or worldly affairs. 9. Sight.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 264-3 ] लोक (loka) lok-á, m. [ orig. probably uloká, which is almost invariably used in RV., and perh. = (a) va-loká: √ruc] ( free ) space, room, place ( V. ); tract, region, country; world, division of the universe (the two worlds = heaven and earth; the three —, = the same and the atmosphere or the lower regions; seven worlds are commonly spoken of ); heaven; earth; ( sg. & pl. ) mankind, folks, people ( sts. opp. king ); men ( pl. : opp. women ); community, company ( often —° to form collectives ); ordinary life, common usage, worldly affairs ( opp. Veda ); sight ( only —° in cákṣur —, seeing with the eye): ( urúṃ ) lokáṃ kṛ, make room for, grant freedom to ( d.; V. ); ayáṃ lokáḥ, this world; asaú or páro lokáḥ, that or the other world; loke, in place of ( g.; Br. ); in ordinary life, in popular speech; in the world, on earth; iha loke, here on earth; kṛtsne loke, in the whole world. [ ID=15668 ]
- 1. Mankind. 2. A world or division of the universe. 3. Sight. 4. A primary element of being.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > लोक (loka) m. ( - कः (-kaḥ) ) 1 Man, mankind. 2 A world, a division of the universe; in general three Lokas are enumerated, or heaven, hell, and earth: another classification enumerates seven, exclusive of the infernal regions; or Bhūr-loka the earth, Bhuvar-loka the space between the earth and the sun, the region of the Munis, Siddhis, &c.; Svarloka the heaven of INDRA, between the sun and the polar star; Maharloka the usual abode of BHṚGU, and other saints, who are supposed to be co-existent with BRAHMĀ: during the conflagration of these lower worlds, the saints ascend to the next, or Janaloka, which is described as the abode of BRAHMĀ'S sons, SANAKA, SĀNANDA, SANĀTANA, and SANATKUMĀRA; above this, is the fifth world Page724 or the Tapoloka, where the deities called Vairāgis reside; the seventh world, Satyaloka or Brahmaloka, is the abode of BRAHMĀ, and translation to this world exempts beings from further birth; the three first worlds are destroyed at the end of each Kalpa or day of BRAHMĀ; the three last at the end of his life, or of 100 of his years; the fourth Loka is equally permanent, but is uninhabitable from heat, at the time the three first are burning: another enumeration calls these seven worlds, earth, sky, heaven, middle region, place of births, mansion of the blest, and abode of truth, placing the sons of BRAHMĀ in the sixth division, and stating the fifth or Janaloka to be that, where animals destroyed in the general conflagration are born again. 3 Sight, seeing. 4 An element, a primary or radical part of being. E. लोक (loka) to see, aff. घ (gha). [ ID=33087 ]
- 1. Man. 2. A world. 3. People. 4. Sight. 5. An element.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 647-a ] लोक (loka) ( कः ) ((kaḥ)) 1. m. Man; a world; people; sight; an element. [ ID=32666 ]
- 1. Any division of the universe. 2. The earth. 3. Mankind or the human race. 4. Subjects. 5. A class or community. 6. A region, province, or district. 7. Looking or sight. 8. The number seven. 9. Common life. 10. Common usage.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 630-01 ] लोक (loka) m. 1. Any division of the universe; (generally three Lokas are mentioned, viz., स्वर्ग (svarga), पृथ्वी (pṛthvī) and पाताल (pātāla); but in fuller descriptions fourteen Lokas are enumerated, seven higher regions rising from the earth, viz., (1) भूर्लोक (loka) (bhūrloka); (2) भुवर्लोक (loka) (bhuvarloka); (3) स्वर्लोक (loka) (svarloka); (4) महर्लोक (loka) (maharloka); (5) जनर्लोक (loka) (janarloka); (6) तपर्लोक (loka) (taparloka) and (7) सत्यलोक (loka) (satyaloka), and seven lower regions descending from the earth one below the other, viz., (1) अतल (atala); (2) वितल (vitala); (3) सुतल (sutala); (4) रसातल (rasātala); (5) तलातल (talātala); (6) महातल (mahātala) and (7) पाताल (pātāla) ), M. iv.219; 2. the earth; ( इह लोक (loka) े (iha loke) ‘in this world’); 3. the human race, mankind, आकृष्टलीलान्नरलोक (loka) पालान् (ākṛṣṭalīlānnaralokapālān) R. vi.1, M. viii.42; 4. the subjects (as op. to the king), स हि सर्वस्य लोक (loka) स्य युक्तदंडतया मन आददे (sa hi sarvasya lokasya yuktadaṃḍatayā mana ādade) R. iv.8; 5. a class, a community, शशाम तेन क्षितिपाललोक (loka) ः (śaśāma tena kṣitipālalokaḥ) R. vii.3, v.64; 6. a region, a province, a district; 7. looking, sight; 8. the number ‘seven’; 9. common life, (op. to Śāstra ); 10. common usage, (op. to वेद (veda) ‘Vedic idiom’), प्रियतद्धिता दाक्षिणाया यथा लोक (loka) वेद (veda) योरिति प्रयोक्तव्य लौकिकवैदिकेष्विति प्रयुंजते (priyataddhitā dākṣiṇāyā yathā lokavedayoriti prayoktavya laukikavaidikeṣviti prayuṃjate) Patanjali, अतोऽस्मि लोक (loka) े वेद (veda) े च प्रथितः पुरुषोत्तमः (ato'smi loke vede ca prathitaḥ puruṣottamaḥ) Bg. xv.18 [ ID=32903 ]
- 1. Man or mankind. 2. A world or division of the universe. 3. The human race. 4. The earth. 5. Subjects. 6. A class or community. 7. A region. 8. The number seven. 9. Common life or usage. 10. Sight or seeing. 11. An element or primary part of being.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 620-b ] लोक (loka) m. ( - कः (-kaḥ) ) 1. Man, mankind. 2. A world, a division of the universe; in general three Lokas are enumerated; viz:—heaven, hell, and earth: another classification enumerates seven, exclusive of the infernal regions; viz:—Bhūr-loka the earth, Bhūvar-loka the space between the earth and the sun, the region of the Munis, Siddhas, &c.; Swar-loka the heaven of INDRA, between the sun and the polar star; Mahar-loka the usual abode of BHRIGU, and others saints, who are supposed to be co-existent with BRAHMĀ: during the conflagration of these lower worlds, the saints ascend to the next, or Jana-loka, which is described as the abode of BRAHMĀ'S sons, SANAKA, SĀNANDA, SANĀTANA, and SANATKUMĀRA; above this, is the fifth world or the Tapo-loka, where the deities called Vairāgis reside; the seventh world, Satya-loka or Brahma-loka, is the abode of BRAHMĀ, and translation to this world exempts beings from further birth: the three first worlds are destroyed at the end of each Kalpa or day of BRAHMĀ; the three last at the end of his life, or of 100 of his years; the fourth Loka is equally permanent, but is uninhabitable from heat, at the time the three first are burning: another enumeration calls these seven worlds, Page621-a+ 60 earth, sky, heaven, middle region, place of births, mansion of the blest, and abode of truth, placing the sons of BRAHMĀ in the sixth division, and stating the fifth or Jana-loka to be that, where animals destroyed in the general conflagration are born again. The seven lower regions descending from the earth one below the other are:—ATALA, BITALA, SŪTALA, RASĀTALA, TALĀTALA, MAHĀTALA, PĀTĀLA, respectively. 3. The human race. 4. The earth. 5. The subjects. 6. A class, a community. 7. A region. 8. The number “seven.” 9. Common life, or usage, (opporite to Shāstra and Veda respectively.) 10. Sight, seeing. 11. An element, a primary or radical part of being. E. लोक (loka) ् (lok) to see, aff. घञ् । (ghañ.) [ ID=34518 ]
- 1. Seeing, sight. 2. The world or universe. 3. A division of the universe. 4. Man, mankind. 5. People.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 0801-a ] लोक (loka) loka, i. e. loc, or ruc, + a (with l for r, cf. ruc ), m. 1. Seeing, sight. 2. The world, the universe, Chr. 34, 8. 3. A world, a division of the universe, Vikr. 86, 8 ( ma- dhyama, The middle world, i. e. the earth). 4. Man, mankind. 5. Men. people, sing. and pl., Daśak. in Chr. 183, 13; Pañc. i. d. 19; 256, 24; Bhartṛ. 2, 52. — Comp. A-, m. ceasing of the world, Rām. 1, 37, 12. Aṅga-, m. the name of a country, ib. 4, 43, 8. Amara-, m. the world of the immortals. Indra-, m. the world of Indra, Man. 4, 182. Go-, m. Kṛṣṇa's heaven. Gṛha-, m. the household servants, Hit. 88, 18 (read tvadgṛha° ). Jana-, m. the name of a world supposed to be situated over the Maharloka, Bhāg. P. 2, 5, 39. Jīva-, m. 1. the world of living beings, i. e. the earth, Pañc. 226, 6. 2. mankind, people, Pañc. i. d. 9. Tapoloka, i. e. tapas-, m. one of the supposed seven worlds, Bhāg. P. 2, 5, 39. Tala-, m. the lower regions, ib. 2, 6, 42. Tri-, I. (n), and f. kī, the three worlds, MBh. 13, 1505; Rām. 3, Page0801-b+ 42 52, 22; Bhāg. P. 1, 5, 7. II. m. °ka, the inhabitants of the three worlds, ib. 3, 2, 13. Nara-vīra-, m. mankind, Hit. iv. d. 80. Para-, m. heaven, paradise, Pañc. 207, 21. Paura-, m. pl. citi- zens, Pañc. 48, 25. Brahmaloka, i. e. brahman-, m. the supposed eternal residence of the spirits of the pious, Sund. 4, 25; MBh. 12, 3996, in Chr. 94. Lokāloka, i. e. loka-a-, m. a moun- tainous belt bounding the world. Vi-, adj. solitary. [ ID=12500 ]
- 1. Open space, free room, or region. 2. The world, especially the earth, or one of several worlds. 3. People or mankind. 4. A company, community, or troop. 5. Worldly life, ordinary practice, or common usage.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 464 ] लोक (loka) m. open space, free room, place, region, Page465 world or one of the (imaginary 2, 3, or 7) worlds, esp. the earth; people, men or mankind (sgl. or pl. ); company, community, troop or band of (—°); worldy life, ordinary practice or common usage ( opp. to higher things, esp. knowledge). [ ID=27696 ]
- 1. Open space or free room. 2. The world, heaven, or earth. 3. People, folks, or mankind.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 235-a ] loká, perhaps a younger form of uloká ( which appears regularly in the oldest texts, but divided as u loká, 84 11 ), m. —1. open space; free room; place, 83 15; —2a. the vast space; the world, 103 3; any imaginary world or worlds, 15 16; cf. antarikṣa-, indra-, jīva-, pati-, para-, manuṣya-, svarga-loka; —2b. used of heaven: svargo lokas, the world situate in the light, 103 5, 14, 16; so sukṛtām ulokas, the world of the righteous, 84 11; later, sukṛtasya lokas, world of virtue, 89 8; so 5 20; —2c. of earth: loke kṛtsne, in the whole earth, 5 15; asmin…loke, in this world ( cf. iha ), 66 12; in same sense, loke, 57 8, 63 7; —2d. with senses merging imperceptibly into those given under 3, e. g., in the world or among men, 26 2, 36 3, 47 21; —3. ( like Eng. world and French monde) people; folks; men or mankind; sing. 6 7, 21 13; pl. 2 5, 14, 39 19, 57 15. [etymology uncertain: no connection with Lat. locus, Old Lat. stlocus, ‘place.’] [ ID=3635 ]
- 1. Open space, room, the wide world, sky, heaven, or any division of the universe. 2. The world or earth. 3. Any place, region, or district. 4. The inhabitants of the world, mankind, people, or subjects. 5. A company or community. 6. Common life, ordinary practice, or common usage. 7. Seeing, looking, sight, or regard.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 0871-b ] Loka, as, m. (cf. roka; in the oldest texts of the Ṛg-veda loka is generally preceded by u, which according to the Pada-pāṭha = the particle 3. u, and according to some may be an abbreviation of uru, wide, or derived from the prep. ava, cf. uru-loka, ava-kāśa ), open space (Ved.), space, room, inter- mediate space (Ved.; in Ṛg-veda VIII. 100, 12, dehi lokam = avakāśam pra-yaccha, make room), the vast space, the wide world, sky, heaven; any division of the universe, (three Lokas are com- monly given, viz. heaven, earth, and the lower world, but the fuller classification enumerates four- teen, seven descending one below the other and constituting together the lower world, sometimes called hell [see pātāla ], and seven higher regions rising one above the other, as follow, 1. Bhūr-loka, the earth; 2. Bhuvar-l°, the space between the earth and the sun, the region of the Munis, Siddhas, &c. 3. Svar-l°, the heaven of Indra above the sun or between the sun and the polar star; 4. Ma- har-l°, said to be one krore of Yojanas above the polar star and to be the abode of Bhṛgu and other saints who survive the destruction of the three worlds situated below; during the conflagration of these lower worlds the saints ascend to 5. Janar-l°, which is described as the abode of Brahmā's sons Sanat- kumāra, &c. 6. Tapar-l°, where the deified Vai- rāgins reside; 7. Satya-l° or Brahma-l° or the abode of Brahmā, translation to which world exempts beings from further birth: the first three worlds are Page0871-c+ 81 destroyed at the end of each Kalpa or day of Brahmā, the last three at the end of his life or of 100 of his years; the fourth Loka is equally permanent, but is uninhabitable from heat at the time that the first three are burning: another enumeration calls these seven worlds, earth, sky, heaven, middle region, place of births, mansion of the blest, and abode of truth, placing the sons of Brahmā in the sixth divi- sion and affirming the fifth or Janar-l° to be that where animals destroyed in the general conflagration are born again); a symbolical expression for the number seven; the world, earth, ( iha loke, in this world, on the earth, opposed to paratra, para- loke, &c.); any place, region, tract, district, province; the inhabitants of the world, the human race, man- kind, folk, man, men (in this sense also ās, m. pl.), people, subjects (as contrasted with the king); a company, community; common life, ordinary prac- tice, (especially) common usage (as contrasted with ancient usage or idiom of the Veda; loke, ‘in ordi- nary usage, in the language of the people, ‘as opposed to vede, chandasi ); seeing, looking, sight, regard; [cf. Lat. locus; Lith. laukas, ‘a plain.’] —Loka- kaṇṭaka, as, m. ‘thorn of men,’ a wicked or inju- rious man, criminal; epithet of Rāvaṇa. —Loka- kathā, f. a popular legend or fable. —Loka-kartṛ, tā, m. the creator of the world (applied to Brahmā, Viṣṇu, and Śiva). —Loka-kalpa, as, ā, am, re- sembling or appearing like the world, becoming manifested in the form of the world; regarded by the world; ( as ), m. a period or age of the world. —Loka-kānta, as, ā, am, world-loved, liked by every one, pleasing to all, popular; ( ā ), f. a kind of medicinal herb. —Loka-kāra, as, m. = loka-kartṛ. —Loka-kāraṇa-karaṇa, am, n. cause of the causes of the world (a name applied to Śiva). —Loka-kṛt, t, t, t, making or creating free space, setting free (Ved.); ( t ), m. = loka-kartṛ, the creator of the world. —Loka-kṛtnu, us, us, u, Ved. = loka-kṛt, creating space. —Loka-kṣit, t, t, t, Ved. dwelling in the sky, inhabiting heaven. —Loka-gati, is, f. ‘the way of the world,’ actions of men. —Loka- gāthā, f. a verse or song (handed down orally) among men. —Loka-guru, us, m. a teacher of the world, instructor of the people. —Loka-cakṣus, us, n. ‘eye of the world,’ the sun, (according to some us, m.); ( ūṃṣi ), n. pl. the eyes of men. —Loka- cara, as, ā or ī, am, wandering through the world. —Loka-cāritra, am, n. the way or proceedings of the world. —Loka-cārin, ī, iṇī, i, = loka-cara. —Loka-jananī, f. ‘the mother of the world,’ epithet of Lakṣmī. —Loka-jit, t, t, t, winning or conquer- ing a region (Ved.); conquering Heaven; ( t ), m. a conquerer of the world; a sage; N. of a Buddha. —Loka-jña, as, ā, am, knowing the world, under- standing men. —Lokajña-tā, f. knowledge of the world, knowledge of mankind. —Loka-jyeṣṭha, as, m. ‘the most distinguished or excellent among men,’ epithet of Buddha. —Loka-tattva, am, n. ‘world- truth, ‘knowledge of the world, knowledge of man- kind. —Loka-tantra, am, n. the system or course of the world, —Loka-tas, ind. from the world, according to ordinary life, popularly, as is usual or customary. —Loka-tuṣāra, as, m. ‘eath's-dew,’ camphor. —Loka-traya, am, ī, n. f. ‘world-triad,’ the three worlds (heaven, earth, and the lower regions). —Lo- ka-dambhaka, as, ikā, am, deceiving the world, cheating or deluding mankind. —Loka-dvāra, am, n. the door or gate of heaven. —Lokadvārīya, am, n. (fr. the preceding), N. of a Sāman. —Loka- dhātu, us, m. epithet of a particular division of the world (with Buddhists). —Loka-dhātṛ, tā, m. ‘the creator or supporter of the world, ‘epithet of Śiva. —Loka-nātha, as, m. ‘lord of worlds,’ epithet of Brahmā; of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa; of Śiva; a governor or ruler of the people, a king, sovereign; a Buddha; N. of a Buddha; of the author of the Pada-mañjarī. —Lokanātha-rasa, as, m., N. of a particular me- dicinal preparation. —Loka-nindita, as, ā, am, blamed by the world, generally censured, found fault with by men. —Loka-netṛ, tā, m. guide or Page0872-a+ 81 ruler of the world; epithet of Śiva. —Loka-pa, as, m. protector or guardian of the world, world-pro- tector ( = loka-pāla, q. v.). —Loka-pakti, is, f. world-reputation, general respectability, esteem among men. —Loka-pati, is, m. the lord of the world; epithet of Brahmā; of Viṣṇu; a lord or ruler of people, a king, sovereign. —Loka-patha, as, m. way of the world, general or universal way, the usual way. —Loka-paddhati, is, f. general or universal way. —Loka-pāla, as, m. a world-protector, guardian of the world, regent of a quarter of the world, any presiding deity, (the Loka-pālas are sometimes re- garded as deities appointed by Brahmā at the creation of the world to act as guardians of different orders of beings, but more commonly they are identified with the deities presiding over the four cardinal and four intermediate points of the compass, which, according to Manu V. 96, are 1. Indra, guardian of the East; 2. Agni, of the South-east; 3. Yama, of the South; 4. Sūrya, of the South-west; 5. Varuṇa, of the West; 6. Pavana or Vāyu, of the North-west; 7. Kuvera, of the North; 8. Soma or Candra, of the North-east: other authorities substitute Nir-ṛti for 4. and Īśānī or Pṛthivī for 8); a protector or ruler of the people, king, sovereign, prince; N. of a king; protection of the people. —Loka-pālaka, as, m. = loka-pāla, a world-pro- tector, ruler of the universe; a king, sovereign. —Lokapāla-tā, f. or lokapāla-tva, am, n. the being a Loka-pāla or guardian of the world. —Loka- pitāmaha, as, m. progenitor or creator of the world, the great forefather of mankind; epithet of Brahmā. —Loka-puṇya, N. of a place. —Loka-puruṣa, as, m. ‘world-man,’ the World personified. —Loka- pūjita, as, ā, am, honoured by the world, univer- sally worshipped; ( as ), m. a proper N. —Loka- prakāśaka, am, n., N. of a compilation by Kṣe- mendra. —Loka-prakāśana, as, m. ‘world-illumi- nator, ‘the sun. —Loka-pratyaya, as, m., Ved. world-currency, universal prevalence (of a custom, &c.). —Loka-pradīpa, as, m. ‘light of the world,’ N. of a Buddha. —Loka-pravāda, as, m. popular talk, common saying, current report, general rumour, news, popular opinion, commonly used expression. —Loka-pravāhin, ī, inī or iṇī, i, flowing through the world. —Loka-prasiddha, as, ā, am, celebrated in the world, generally established or received, universally known or acknowledged, well- known, notorious. —Loka-prasiddhi, is, f. uni- versal establishment or reception (of any custom &c.), general notoriety or prevalence. —Loka-ban- dhu, us, m. ‘universal friend, friend of all,’ epithet of the sun; of Śiva. —Loka-bāndhava, as, m. ‘the friend of all,’ epithet of the sun. —Loka-bāhya, see loka-vāhya. —Loka-bhartṛ, tā, m. supporter of the people. —Loka-bhāj, k, k, k, Ved. occupying space. —Loka-bhāvana, as, ī, am, or loka-bhāvin, ī, inī, i, world-creating; promoting the welfare of men or of the world. —Loka-maya, as, ī, am, containing space or room, spacious (Ved.); contain- ing the universe. —Loka-maryādā, f. popular ob- servance, established usage or custom. —Loka-mātṛ, tā, m. the mother of the world; epithet of Lakṣmī. —Loka-mārga, as, m. general or universal way, prevalent custom. —Lokam-pṛṇa, as, ā, am, filling the world, penetrating everywhere; ( ā ), f., Ved., scil. iṣṭakā, epithet of the bricks used for building the sacrificial altar (set up with the usual formula lokam pṛṇa, those which have a peculiar formula being called yajuṣ-matī, q. v.); scil. ṛc, the formula lokam pṛṇa. —Loka-yātrā, f. the busi- ness and traffic of men, intercourse or business of the world, worldly affairs, popular usages and cus- toms, conduct of men, ordinary actions or conduct, &c. support of life. —Loka-yātrika, as, ī, am, relating to the business or traffic of the world. —Loka-rakṣa, as, m. ‘protector of the people,’ a king, sovereign. —Loka-rañjana, am, n. pleasing the world, gaining public confidence, popularity. —Loka-rava, as, m. the talk of the world, popular report. —Loka-lekha, as, m. a general writing, public document, ordinary letter. —Loka-locana, Page0872-b+ 81 am, n. (according to some as, m.), ‘the eye of the world, ‘the sun; ( āni ), n. pl. the eyes of men. —Lokalocanāpāta (°na-āp°), as, m. the attacks of men's eyes, i. e. the prying eyes of men. —Loka- vacana, am, n. people's talk, public rumour, popular report. —Loka-vat, ān, atī, at, containing the world. —Loka-vartana, am, n. the conduct of men, general mode of acting, usual behaviour. —Loka- vāda, as, m. the talk of the world, popular report, public rumour, common talk, news. —Loka-vārttā, f. the world's news, popular report or rumour. —Lo- ka-vāhya, as, ā, am, excluded from the world, expelled from society, excommunicated; differing from the world, singular, eccentric; ( as ), m. an outcast. —Loka-vikruṣṭa, as, ā, am, abused by the world, censured by mankind, universally blamed or condemned. —Loka-vijñāta, as, ā, am, univer- sally known or celebrated. —Loka-vid, t, t, t, know- ing or understanding the world; ( t ), m. epithet of a Buddha. —Loka-vidviṣṭa, as, ā, am, hated by men, universally hated, disliked by people generally, unpopular. —Loka-vidhi, is, m. the creator of the world, disposer of the universe; order or mode of proceeding prevalent in the world. —Loka-vinā- yaka, ās, m. pl., N. of a particular class of deities presiding over diseases. —Loka-vindu, us, us, u, Ved. creating room or space, gaining or obtaining freedom. —Loka-vindu-sāra, am, n., N. of the last of the fourteen Pūrvas or most ancient Jaina writings. —Loka-viśruta, as, ā, am, universally celebrated, far-famed, famous, current. —Loka-viśruti, is, f. world-wide fame, notoriety; unfounded rumour or report. —Loka-visarga, as, m. the creation of the world. —Loka-vistāra, as, m. universal spreading, general extension or diffusion. —Loka-vīra, ās, m. pl. the world's heroes. —Loka-vṛtta, am, n. worldly intercourse, idle conversation; a universal custom. —Loka-vṛttānta, as, m. the events or occurrences of the world, course or proceedings of the world, circumstances of life, human conduct. —Loka-vya- vahāra, as, m. the affairs or business of the world, popular usage, general custom or course; ( as, ā, am ), universally used, commonly current. —Loka- vrata, am, n. any observance prevalent in the world or among men, general practice or way of proceeding, general mode of life; N. of several Sāmans. —Loka-śruti, is, f. world-wide fame or reputation, universal notoriety. —Loka-saṃvyava- hāra, as, m. commerce or intercourse with the world, worldly business, trade and traffic. —Loka- saṃsṛti, is, f. the course of the world, fate, destiny. —Loka-saṅkara, as, m. confusion of mankind, general confusion in the world, acting a false cha- racter among men. —Loka-saṅkṣaya, as, m. the destruction of the world. —Loka-saṅgraha, as, m. intercourse with the world, worldly experience; the propitiation or conciliation of men; the whole of the universe; the welfare of the world. —Loka-sani, is, is, i, Ved. causing room or space, effecting a free course. —Loka-sākṣika, as, ī, am, having the world as a witness, attested by the world or by others; ( am ), ind. before or in the presence of witnesses. —Loka-sākṣin, ī, m. witness of the world, universal witness; epithet of Brahman; of Fire; (ī, inī, i),= loka-sākṣika above. —Loka- sāt, ind. for the general good. —Lokasāt-kṛta, as, ā, am, made or done for the general good. —Loka- sādhaka, as, ikā, am, creating worlds. —Loka- sāman, a, n., N. of a Sāman. —Loka-siddha, as, ā, am, world-established, current among the people, generally done, usual, customary, popular, fashion- able, common; universally admitted, generally re- ceived. —Loka-sīmātivartin (°ma-at°), ī, inī, i, passing beyond ordinary limits, extraordinary, super- natural. —Loka-sundara, as, ī, am, generally es- teemed beautiful, universally considered handsome; ( as ), m., N. of a Buddha. —Loka-sthala, am, n. an incident of ordinary life, common or ordinary occurrence. —Loka-sthiti, is, f. a universal law, generally established rule or maxim. —Loka-spṛt, t, t, t, Ved. = loka-sani (?). —Loka-hāsya, as, ā, am, Page0872-c+ 81 world-derided, ridiculed by mankind, any object of general ridicule. —Lokahāsya-tā, f. universal ridi- culousness. —Loka-hita, am, n. the welfare of the world, general weal. —Lokākāśa (°ka-āk°), as, m. space, sky; (according to the Jainas) a worldly region, the abode of unliberated beings. —Lokākṣi (°ka-ak°), is, m. ‘eye of the world,’ N. of a pre- ceptor. —Lokācāra (°ka-āc°), as, m. usage or practice of the world, common practice, ordinary conduct, general or popular custom, universal habit. —Lokātiga (°ka-at°), as, ā, am, going beyond the usage of the world, extraordinary, supernatural. —Lokātiśaya (°ka-at°), as, ā, am, superior to the world, surpassing ordinary usage (= lokātiga). —Lokātman (°ka-āt°), ā, m. the soul of the universe. —Lokādi (°ka-ādi), is, m. the begin- ning of the world, the beginner or creator of the world. —Lokādhipa (°ka-adh°), as, m. a ruler or governor of the world, a god, deity. —Lokādhipati (°ka-adh°), is, m. the ruler or lord of the world. —Lokānugraha (°ka-an°), as, m. the welfare of the world, prosperity of all people, general weal. —Lokānurāga (°ka-an°), as, m. the love of man- kind, universal love or attachment, general bene- volence, philanthrophy, charity. —Lokāntara (°ka- an°), am, n. another world, the next world, a future life, decease, death, ( lokāntaraṃ gam or yā, to go into the next world, die.) —Lokāntara-gata or lokāntara-prāpta, as, ā, am, gone to another world, deceased, dead. —Lokāntarika (°ka-an°), as, ā, am, dwelling or situated between the worlds. —Lokāpavāda (°ka-ap°), as, m. the reproach or censure of the world, general evil report, public scandal, general outcry against, popular accusation. —Lokābhibhāvin (°ka-abh°), ī, inī, i, overcom- ing the world; overspreading or pervading the world (said of light). —Lokābhilaṣita (°ka-abh°), as, ā, am, world-desired, universally coveted, generally liked; ( as ), m., N. of a Buddha. —Lokābhyudaya (°ka-abh°), as, m. the prosperity of the world, general welfare. —Lokāyata (°ka-āy°), as, ā, am, ‘world-extended (?),’ materialistic, atheistical; ( am ), n., scil. śāstra or mata or tantra, materialism, the system of atheistical philosophy (taught by Cārvāka); ( as ), m. a materialist. —Lokāyatika (°ka-āy°), as, m. a materialist, follower of the Cārvāka system, atheist, unbeliever. —Lokāyana (°ka-ay°), as, m. ‘refuge of the world,’ epithet of Nārāyaṇa. —Lokā- loka (°ka-al°), am, n., or au, m. du. world and no world, the visible and invisible world; ( as ), m., N. of a mythical belt or circle of mountains surrounding the outermost of the seven seas and dividing the visible world from the region of darkness, (the sun being within this circle these mountains are supposed to form a kind of wall, light on one side and dark on the other; cf. cakra-bāla. ) —Lokāvekṣaṇa (°ka-av°), am, n. consideration for the world, anxiety or care for the welfare of mankind. —Lokeśa (°ka-īśa), as, m. the lord or ruler of the world; epithet of Brahmā; N. of a Buddha; quicksilver. —Lokeśa-prabhavāpyaya (°va-ap°), as, ā, am, owing both origin and end to the guardians of the world. —Lokeśvara (°ka-īś°), as, m. the lord or ruler of the world; N. of a Buddha. —Lokeśvarāt- majā (°ra-āt°), f. ‘Lokeśvara's daughter,’ N. of a Buddhist goddess. —Lokeṣṭi (°ka-iṣ°), is, f., Ved., N. of a particular Iṣṭi. —Lokaikabandhu (°ka- ek°), us, m. ‘the only friend of the world,’ epithet of Gotama and of Śākya-muni. —Lokaiṣaṇā (°ka- eṣ°), f. desire or longing after heaven. —Lokokti (°ka-uk°), is, f. a general or common saying, any saying commonly current among men, a proverb. —Lokottara (°ka-ut°), as, ā, am, excelling or surpassing the world, beyond what is common or general, unusual, extraordinary; ( as ), m. an un- common person, a king, prince. —Lokottara-pari- varta, N. of a Buddhist Sūtra work. —Lokottara- vādin, inas, m. pl., N. of a Buddhist sect (probably so called from their pretending to be superior to or above the rest of the world). —Lokoddhāra (°ka- ud°), am, n., N. of a Tīrtha. [ ID=40699 ]

### World, Universe, or Cosmological Divisions (4 definitions)
- the wide space or world, especially the sky or heaven  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the wide space or world (either ‘the universe’ or ‘any division of it’, esp. ‘the sky or heaven’; 3 Lokas are commonly enumerated, viz. heaven, earth, and the atmosphere or lower regions; sometimes only the first two; but a fuller classification gives 7 worlds, viz. Bhūr- l°, the earth; Bhuvar- l°, the space between the earth and sun inhabited by Munis, Siddhas &c. Svarloka, Indra's heaven above the sun or between it and the polar star; Maharloka, a region above the polar star and inhabited by Bhṛgu and other saints who survive the destruction of the 3 lower worlds; Janarloka, inhabited by Brahmā's son Sanat-kumāra &c. Tapar-loka, inh° by deified Vairāgins; Satya-loka or Brahma- l°, abode of Brahmā, translation to which exempts from rebirth; elsewhere these 7 worlds are described as earth, sky, heaven, middle region, place of re-births, mansion of the blest, and abode of truth; sometimes 14 worlds are mentioned, viz. the 7 above, and 7 lower regions called in the order of their descent below the earth — A-tala, Vi-tala, Su-tala, Rasā-tala, Talā-tala, Mahā-tala, and Pātāla; cf. Religious Thought and Life in India, also called ’Brāhmanism and Hindūism,’ by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 102 n. 1; Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 420, 1; 435, 1 ), Atharva-veda (Title) &c. &c. [ ID=183233 ]
- the earth or world of human beings  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the earth or world of human beings &c., Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. ( अयं लोकः (ayaṃ lokaḥ), ‘this world’; असौ (asau) or परो लोकः (paro lokaḥ), ‘that or the other world’; लोके (loke) or इह लोके (loke) (iha loke), ‘here on earth’, opp. to पर - त्र (para-tra), पर - लोके (loke) (para-loke) &c. कृत्स्ने लोके (loke) (kṛtsne loke), ‘on the whole earth’) [ ID=183235 ]
- seven worlds arranged one above another  
  *The Purana Index*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 3-124 ] Lokas — seven in number, one above the other like several umbrellas spread over. To the usual seven are added Vaikuṇṭha and Golokam; 1 the fourteen sthalas or places of which seven are Kṛta and seven are Akṛta; Bhūḥ and other six are Kṛtas; the Akṛtas are Prākṛtas; Pṛthvī, Antarikṣa, divya and maharlokas are known as Arṇavakas or which stand until ābhūtasamplava; Jana, tapa and sabya are jñānalokas; Vyaktalokas are Bhūḥ, Bhuvaḥ, Svaḥ, Maha, Jana, Tapa and Satya (Brahma); their residents are given, those attaining Brahmaloka ( satya ) do not have rebirth. 2 [ Footnote: 1) Br. II. 19. 155-6; 21. 19. 21; III. 41. 54-5.] [ Footnote: 2) Vā. 101. 10-39; Vi. I. 22. 80; V. 2. 16.] [ ID=11985 ]
- 1. Place, room, or open space. 2. World or heaven.  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 2-233 ] Loka denotes ‘world’ in the Rigveda 1 and later. 2 Mention is often made of the three worlds, 3 and ayaṃ lokaḥ, ‘this world,’ 4 is constantly opposed to asau lokaḥ, 5 ‘yonder world’ - i.e., ‘heaven.’ Loka itself sometimes means ‘heaven,’ 6 while in other passages several different sorts of world are mentioned. 7 [ Footnote: 1) Roth, St. Petersburg Dictionary, s.v. 2, quotes no example of this mean- ing for the Rigveda, where he sees the word used only in the sense of ‘place,’ ‘room,’ ‘free or open space.’ But Rv. x. 14, 9, is a fairly certain example of the wider sense.] [ Footnote: 2) Av. viii. 9, 1. 15; iv. 38, 5; xi. 5, 7; 8, 10, etc.; in ix. 5, 14, the worlds of heaven ( divya ) and of earth ( pārthiva ) are distinguished; Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, xxxii. 11 et seq., etc.] [ Footnote: 3) Av. x. 6, 31; xii. 3, 20; Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, i. 5, 8; Satapatha Brāh- maṇa, xiii. 1, 7, 3, etc.] [ Footnote: 4) Av. v. 30, 17; viii. 8, 8; xii. 5, 38; xix. 54, 5; Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, xix. 46, etc.] [ Footnote: 5) Av. xii. 5, 38. 57; Taittirīya Saṃ- hitā, i. 5, 9, 4; Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, v. 28, 2; viii. 2, 3, etc.] [ Footnote: 6) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, ii. 6, 1, 7; x. 5, 4, 16; xi. 2, 7, 19; and so probably Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, vii. 13, 12.] [ Footnote: 7) Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā, xxvi. 4; Kauṣī taki Brāhmaṇa, xx. 1; Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad, iii. 6, 1; iv. 3, 36 et seq.; vi. 1, 18, etc.] [ ID=2756 ]

### People, Mankind, or Community (3 definitions)
- mankind, folk, or people  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (also pl. ) the inhabitants of the world, mankind, folk, people (sometimes opp. to ‘king’), Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. [ ID=183236 ]
- men  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( pl. ) men (as opp. to ‘women’), Vetāla-pañcaviṃśatikā (Title); Hitopadeśa (Title) [ ID=183237 ]
- A company or community  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a company, community (of ten ifc. to form collectives), Kāvya literature (Literary category); Vasiṣṭha (Author); Kathāsaritsāgara (Title) &c. [ ID=183238 ]

### Space, Place, or Region (3 definitions)
- open space, room, place, or scope  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 906,1] लोक (loka) m. (connected with रोक (roka); in the oldest texts लोक (loka) is generally preceded by उ (u), which accord. to the Padapāṭha (Title) = the particle 3. उ (u); but उ (u) may be a prefixed vowel and उ (u) लोक (loka) (uloka), a collateral dialectic form of लोक (loka); accord. to others उ (u)- लोक (loka) (u-loka) is abridged from उ (u) रु - (uru-) or अव - लोक (loka) (ava-loka) ), free or open space, room, place, scope, free motion, Ṛg-veda (Title); Atharva-veda (Title); Brāhmaṇa (Literary category); Āśvalāyana-śrauta-sūtra (Title) ( acc. with √ कृ (kṛ) or √ दा (dā) or अनु - (anu-) √ नी (√nī), ‘to make room, grant freedom’; लोक (loka) े (loke) with gen. ‘instead of’) [ ID=183230 ]
- intermediate space  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > intermediate space, Kauśika-sūtra (Title) [ ID=183231 ]
- a tract, region, district, country, or province  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a tract, region, district, country, province, Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (Title) [ ID=183232 ]

### Specific Names, Epithets, or Classifications (3 definitions)
- names of Samans  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > लोकानां सामनी (lokānāṃ sāmanī) du. and लोकानां व्रतानि (lokānāṃ vratāni) pl. N. of Sāmans, Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa (Title) [ ID=183241 ]
- an epithet of Shiva  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 446-2 ] Loka = Śiva (1000 names 2 ). [ ID=6496 ]
- a class of gods  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > Loka, pl. ( °āḥ ), a class of gods. § 730 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 18 λλ, 1371 (only C., B. has Lekhāḥ ). [ ID=6497 ]

### Etymological or Philological Information (1 definition)
- a clearing in a forest or a field  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > लोक (loka) [ cf. Lat. lūcus, originally, ‘a clearing of a forest’; Lith. laúkas, a field.] [ ID=183241.1 ]

### Numerical Significance (Count of Worlds) (1 definition)
- the number seven  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > [Printed book page 906,2] N. of the number ‘seven’ ( cf. above), Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā (Title), Sch. [ ID=183234 ]

### Ordinary Life or Common Usage (1 definition)
- ordinary life, worldly affairs, and common practice  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ordinary life, worldly affairs, common practice or usage, Gṛhya-sūtra (Literary category); Nirukta, by Yāska (Title); Manu-smṛti (Title) &c. ( लोके (loke) either ‘in ordinary life’, ‘in worldly matters’; or ‘in common language, in popular speech’, as opp. to वेदे (vede), छन्दसि (chandasi) ) [ ID=183239 ]

### Sight or Act of Seeing (1 definition)
- the faculty of seeing  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the faculty of seeing, sight (only in चक्षुर् - ल् (cakṣur-l) ° (°), q.v. ) [ ID=183240 ]

### Verbal Root Meanings (1 definition)
- 1. To see. 2. To speak. 3. To shine.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > लोक (loka) [Printed book page 723 ] लोक (loka)( ऋ ) लोक (loka) ृ (loka(ṛ)lokṛ) r. 1st cl. ( लोक (loka) ति (lokati) ) To see. r. 10th cl. ( लोक (loka) यति (lokayati) ) 1 To speak. 2 To shine. [ ID=33086 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546