# मन्त्र (mantra)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/mantra

मन्त्र (mantra) is a Sanskrit word meaning a sacred text or speech, a prayer or song of praise, a Vedic hymn or sacrificial formula, a sacred formula addressed to an individual deity, consultation, resolution. Its 22 recorded definitions are grouped into 9 contexts, among them General Dictionary Entries Listing Multiple Meanings, Etymology and 'Instrument of Thought', Mantra as a Proper Name.

- **Roots:** मन् (man), शंस् (śaṃs)
- **SLP1:** `mantra`  **IAST:** mantra  **Devanagari:** मन्त्र
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantra
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/mantra/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** मान्त्र (māntra), मंत्र (maṃtra)

## Meanings by context

### General Dictionary Entries Listing Multiple Meanings (6 definitions)
- 1. Prayer, hymn, or sacred text. 2. Mystical verse, incantation, or spell. 3. Consultation, resolution, counsel, plan, or secret design.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 217-2 ] मन्त्र (mantra) man-tra, m. ( n. ) pious thought, prayer, hymn; Vedic hymn, sacred text; mystical verse, incantation, spell; consultation, resolution, Page217-3 counsel, plan; secret design: -karaṇa, n. Vedic text; -kārya, n. subject of consultation; -kāla, m. time of consultation; -kuśala, a. skilled in counsel; -kṛt, m. composer of hymns; counsellor, adviser; ambassador; -gaṇḍaka, m. kind of amulet; -gupta, m. N.; -gupti, f. keeping of counsel; -gṛha, n. chamber of deliberation; -jihva, m. fire; -jña, a. knowing the sacred texts; experienced in counsel; -jyeṣṭha, spv. having precedence according to knowledge of sacred texts. [ ID=13711 ]
- 1. A division of the Vedas containing prayers, hymns, or sacred addresses. 2. A mystical verse or incantation. 3. A sacred formula dedicated to a deity. 4. Secret consultation or private advice.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 641 ] मन्त्र (mantra) m. ( - न्त्रः (-ntraḥ) ) 1 A division of the Vedas; in the first or practical part or Kāṇḍam, it includes prayers and hymns, addressed to particular deities, and used at peculiar sacrifices, &c.; in the Uttara Kāṇḍam, it is applied to addresses to BRAHMĀ or God, and to didactic explanations of his nature and attributes, Page642 &c. 2 A mystical verse or incantation, (in the Tantras.) 3 A formula sacred to any individual deity, as, Om Viṣṇave nama, Om Śivāya nama, &c. 4 Secret consultation, private advice. E. मत्रि (matri) to advise or consult privately, aff. अच् (ac). [ ID=29508 ]
- 1. A division of the Vedas. 2. An incantation or formula. 3. Private consultation or advice.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 575-b ] मन्त्र (mantra) ( न्त्रः ) ((ntraḥ)) 1. m. A division of the Vedas; incantation; formula; private consultation or advice. [ ID=29024 ]
- 1. A division of the Vedas containing prayers, hymns, or sacred addresses. 2. A mystical verse, incantation, or sacred formula. 3. Secret consultation or private advice.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 550-b ] मन्त्र (mantra) m. ( - न्त्रः (-ntraḥ) ) 1. A division of the Vedas; in the first or practical part or Kāndam, it includes prayers and hymns, addressed to particular deities, and used at peculiar sacrifices, &c.; in the Uttara Kāndam, it is applied to addresses to BRAHMĀ or God, and to didactic explanations of his nature and attributes, &c. 2. A mystical verse or incantation, (in the Tantras.) 3. A formula sacred to any individual deity, as Om Vishnave nama, Om Sivāya nama, &c. 4. Secret consultation, private advice. E. मत्रि (matri) to advise or consult privately, aff. अच् । (ac.) [ ID=30516 ]
- 1. That part of the Veda which comprises the hymns. 2. A holy text. 3. A mystical verse, incantation, or charm. 4. Prayer. 5. A formula sacred to any individual deity. 6. Advice or secret consultation. 7. A design.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 0686-a ] मन्त्र (mantra) man + tra, m. 1. That part of the Veda which comprises the hymns, Madhusūdana in Weber, Ind. St. i. 14. 2. A holy text, Vikr. 87, 10; Pañc. 189, 24. 3. A mystical verse or in- cantation, charm, Pañc. i. d. 73. 4. Prayer, Vikr. 32, 16. 5. A formula sacred to any individual deity. 6. Advice, Hit. 54, 14; secret consultation, Pañc. i. d. 61 ( mantraṃ sam-ā-car, To intrigue). 7. A design, Hit. i. d. 128, M.M. — Comp. A-, adj. 1. not ac- companied by holy texts, Man. 3, 121. 2. excluded from the use of the Veda, 9, 18. Ākṛṣṭi-. m. a charm having the power of attraction, Hit. i. d. 96, M.M. See Ku-. Durm°, i. e. dus-, m. bad advice, Bhartṛ. 2, 34. Nirm°, i. e. nis-, adj. unaccompanied by holy texts, MBh. 1, 2980. Viṣa-, m. a snake- catcher. — Cf. probably Goth. mathl, mathleins. [ ID=10950 ]
- 1. A sacred text, prayer, or hymn. 2. A charm or spell. 3. Deliberation, counsel, or advice. 4. A plan, intention, or secret.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 396 ] मन्त्र (mantra) m. ( n. ) speech, esp. sacred speech or text, prayer, hymn, etc.; charm, spell; deliberation, counsel, advice; plan, intention, secret. [ ID=23878 ]

### Etymology and 'Instrument of Thought' (4 definitions)
- 1. A sacred text or speech. 2. A prayer or song of praise.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 785,3] मन्त्र (mantra) a m. (rarely n.; ifc. f( आ (ā) ). ), ‘instrument of thought’, speech, sacred text or speech, a prayer or song of praise, Ṛg-veda (Title); Atharva-veda (Title); Taittirīya-saṃhitā (Title) [ ID=157237 ]
- 1. A prayer, song of praise, or pious text. 2. A Vedic hymn or text. 3. A magic spell or charm. 4. A deliberation or plan.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 212-b ] mántra, m. —1. thought; esp. thought as uttered in formal address, in prayer or song of praise ( see dhī́ 2), or in pious text; —2. usual designation of the hymns and texts of the Vedas; —3. later (when these Vedic texts came to be used as magic formulas), spell, charm; —4. like mántu, deliberation, plan. [ √man, 1185b : for mg 3, cf. Lat. carmen, ‘solemn utterance’ (see √śaṃs ), then ‘magic spell,’ whence Eng. charm. ] [ ID=3127 ]
- 1. Sacred speech, prayer, hymn, or words of adoration addressed to a deity. 2. That portion of the Veda including the Samhita collection of hymns and prayers. 3. A formula sacred to an individual deity. 4. A mystical verse, magical formula, incantation, charm, or spell. 5. Consulting together, counsel, advice, plan, or secret intention.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 0744-a ] Mantra, as, m. (according to some also am, n.), ‘instrument of thought,’ speech, sacred speech or text, a prayer or hymn or words of adoration ad- dressed to a deity (it may consist of a single text or verse, and when recited is regarded as possessing mystical and supernatural powers; if metrical, and intended for loud recitation, such a Mantra is called ṛc, praise; if in prose, and intended to be muttered in a low tone, it is called yajus or one fit for sacri- fices; if metrical, and intended for chanting or in- toning, it is called sāman or one fit for using at Soma ceremonies: the Mantra portion of the Ṛg- veda [see ṛc ] contains 1017 Sūktas or hymns, which are subdivided as explained under maṇḍala, q. v.); that portion of the Veda (as distinguished from the Brāhmaṇa, q. v.) which includes the Saṃhitā or collection of hymns and prayers described above; a formula sacred to any individual deity (e. g. Om Viṣṇave namaḥ, Om Śivāya namaḥ ); a mystical verse, magical formula, incantation, charm, spell; consulting or concerting together, counsel, advice, opinion, resolution, plan, design, intention, device, secret plan, secret, (in these senses connected with rt. mantr, p. 745.) —Mantra-karaṇa, am, n. the act of making or composing sacred texts, the recital of a sacred text; the Vedic texts. —Mantra-kalpa- druma, as, m., N. of a work by Śrī-ghanānanda- dāsa. —Mantra-kāra, as, m. a maker or composer of hymns, a composer of sacred texts. —Mantra- kārya, am, n. subject of consultation. —Mantra- kāla, as, m. council-time, time of deliberation or consultation. —Mantra-kuśula, as, ā, am, experi- enced in counsel, skilled in giving advice. —Man- tra-kṛt, t, m. a composer of hymns (Ved.); one who recites a sacred text; a counsellor, adviser; an emissary, envoy, ambassador. —Mantra-kṛta, as, ā, am, consecrated by Mantras. —Mantra- kovida, as, ā, am, knowing the sacred texts. —Mantra-koṣa, as, m. ‘treasury of texts,’ N. of a book. —Mantra-gaṇḍaka, as, m. knowledge, science (= vidyā). —Mantra-gupta, as, m., N. of a man. —Mantra-gupti, is, f. secret counsel. —Mantra-gūḍha, as, m. a secret emissary or agent, spy. —Mantra-gṛha, am, n. a council- chamber. —Mantra-cūḍāmaṇi, is, m., N. of a work. —Mantra-jala, am, n. water consecrated by charms or sacred texts. —Mantra-jihva, as, m. ‘having sacred texts for tongues,’ N. of fire. —Man- tra-jña, as, ā, am, knowing sacred texts; experi- enced in counsel; ( as ), m. a counsellor, adviser; a learned Brāhman, a priest; a spy. —Mantra-jyotis, is, f., N. of a book. —Mantra-tantra-netra, am, n., N. of a book. —Mantra-tantra-prakāśa, as, m., N. of a book. —Mantra-tas, ind. with respect to the sacred texts, from or by the Mantras, from or by mystical charms or incantations; from advice, advisedly, deliberately, designedly. —Mantra-toya, am, n. water consecrated by Mantras or spells; [cf. mantra-jala, mantrodaka. ] —Mantra-da, as, ā, am, or mantra-dātṛ, tā, trī, tṛ, teaching sacred texts; giving advice; a spiritual guide, teacher, preceptor. —Mantra-darśin, ī, inī, i, knowing the Vedic texts; ( ī ), m. a Brāhman learned in the Vedas; a seer or composer of a hymn. —Mantra- dīdhiti, is, m. ‘having sacred texts for rays,’ N. of fire. —Mantra-dīpaka, as, m. ‘lamp of the Mantras,’ N. of a book. —Mantra-dṛś, k, k, k, beholding or discovering sacred texts; knowing sacred texts; skilled in counsel; ( k ), m. a composer of hymns; counsellor, adviser. —Mantra-devatā, f. the deity invoked in a sacred text. —Mantra-deva- prakāśikā, f., N. of a book. —Mantra-druma, as, m., N. of Indra in the sixth Manv-antara. Page0744-b+ 81 —Mantra-dhara, as, or mantra-dhārin, ī, m. possessing good counsel, an adviser, counsellor. —Mantra-nirṇaya, as, m. decision or settlement of counsel, final determination after deliberation. —Mantra-pati, is, m. lord or owner of a sacred text or texts. —Mantra-pattra, am, n. a leaf in- scribed with a sacred text or prayer. —Mantra- pada, am, n. the words of a sacred text. —Mantra- pārāyaṇa, am, n., N. of a work. —Mantra-pūta, as, ā, am, purified by sacred texts. —Mantra-pū- tātman (°ta-āt°), ā, m. epithet of Garuḍa. —Man- tra-prakāśa, as, m., N. of a book. —Mantra- prayoga, as, m. application of spells or charms, magical means. —Mantra-praśna-kāṇḍa, am, n., N. of a Vedic work. —Mantra-phala, am, n. fruit of counsel, effect or consequence of advice. —Man- tra-bīja, am, n. the seed (i. e. first syllable) of a spell; seed-like counsel, counsel regarded as a seed or germ. —Mantra-bhāṣya, am, n. title of Ūaṭa's com- mentary on the Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā. —Mantra- bheda, as, m. breach of counsel, betrayal of counsel or of a concerted plan; a particular magical incan- tation; ( ās ), m. pl. various kinds of Mantras or spells. —Mantra-maya, as, ī, am, consisting or made up of spells. —Mantra-mahodadhi, is, m. ‘ocean of Mantras,’ title of a work by Mahīdhara. —Mantra-muktāvalī (°tā-āv°), f., N. of a book. —Mantra-mūrti, is, m. ‘whose body consists of sacred texts,’ epithet of Śiva. —Mantra-mūla, as, ā, am, rooted in counsel; rooted in Mantras or spells; ( am ), n. magic. —Mantra-yantra, am, n. ‘Mantra-implement,’ an amulet, a mystical diagram with a magical formula. —Mantra-yantra-prakāśa, as, m., N. of a book. —Mantra-yukti, is, f. em- ployment of Mantras or spells; magical means. —Mantra-yoga, as, m. the employment of Man- tras or sacred texts; magic. —Mantra-rahasya- prakāśikā, f. title of a book by Nīla-kaṇṭha. —Mantra-rāja, as, m. ‘king of spells,’ N. of a particular magical formula. —1. mantra-vat, ind. in conformity with sacred texts, accompanied by the recitation of sacred texts; according to all rules of consultation. —2. mantra-vat, ān, atī, at, accom- panied with sacred texts or hymns; having spells, enchanted (said of a weapon); entitled to use the Mantras, initiated; having or hearing counsel. —Mantra-varjam, ind. without any sacred text (Manu X. 127). —Mantra-varṇa, as, m. the con- tents of a sacred text or hymn; ( ās ), m. pl. the single letters of a sacred text. —Mantra-varṇana, am, n., N. of the ninety-seventh chapter of the Sundara-kāṇḍa of the Rāmāyaṇa. —Mantra-vādin, ī, m. a reciter of sacred texts, one conversant with Mantras or spells, an enchanter. —Mantra-vid, t, t, t, knowing or skilled in sacred texts, knowing magical formulas; skilled in counsel; ( t ), m. a counsellor; a priest; a Brāhman learned in the Vedas; a spy. —Mantra-vidyā, f. the science of Mantras or spells, magic art. —Mantra-vīja, see mantra-bīja. —Mantra-vyākhyā, f. explanation of the sacred texts of the Veda. —Mantra-śāstra, am, n. ‘magic science,’ N. of a book. —Mantra-śruti, is, f. the hearing of counsel or deliberation, a con- sultation overheard. —Mantra-śrutya, am, n., Ved. obedience to advice, following counsel, (Sāy. = man- treṇa pratipādyam ); tradition respecting the correct use of the sacred texts. —Mantra-saṃskāra, as, m. a (nuptial) rite performed with sacred texts, (accord- ing to Kullūka = vivāha. ) —Mantrasaṃsaṃskāra- kṛt, t, m. a husband who has performed the above rite. —Mantra-saṃskriyā, f. a rite accompanied with spells, a magic rite. —Mantra-saṃhitā, f. the collection of the Vedic hymns. —Mantra-sādhaka, as, m. ‘effecting by Mantras or spells,’ an enchanter, magician. —Mantra-sādhana, am, n. the act of effecting or subduing by magic; a magical formula, incantation, spell. —Mantra-sādhya, as, ā, am, to be subdued by spells, to be effected or attained by incantations; to be attained by consultation; to be overcome or brought into subjection by advice. —Mantrasādhya-tva, am, n. the being attainable Page0744-c+ 81 or subduable by spells, the being attainable by con- sultation. —Mantra-siddha, as, ā, am, accom- plished by or expressed in sacred texts; effected by Mantras or spells, aided by an incantation. —Mantra- siddhi, is, f. the accomplishment or operation of a spell; the effecting or carrying out of a deliberation or advice. —Mantra-sūtra, am, n. a charm fastened on a string. —Mantra-spṛś, k, k, k, (= mantreṇa spṛśat), obtaining anything by means of spells or incantations (see Pāṇ. III. 2, 58). —Mantra-hīna, as, ā, am, destitute of hymns; contrary to sacred texts. —Mantrādhāraṇa (°ra-ādh°), am, n. striv- ing to obtain by spells and incantations, conjuring. —Mantrārtha-dīpa (°ra-ar°), as, m., N. of a book by Rāghavendra. —Mantrārṣādhyāya (°ra- ār°, °ṣa-adh°), as, m. ‘chapter on the Vedic Ṛṣis,’ a Ṛṣy-anukramaṇī of the Kāṭhaka Yajur-veda. —Mantrāvalī (°ra-āv°), f. a series of sacred texts. —Mantreśa (°ra-īśa) or mantreśvara (°ra-īś°), as, m. ‘lord of spells or incantations,’ (with a certain class of Śaivas) N. of a particular superior being. —Mantrodaka (°ra-ud°), am, n. water consecrated by sacred texts. —Mantropaṣṭambha (°ra-up°), as, m. encouragement by counsel, advice, direction. [ ID=36371 ]
- A hymn or poetic and prose utterance  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 2-131 ] Mantra (from the root man, ‘think’) denotes in the Rigveda 1 and later 2 the ‘hymn’ as the product of the singer's creative thought. In the Brāhmaṇas 3 the word is regularly used of the poetic and prose utterances of the Ṛṣis, including not merely the verse parts of the Saṃhitās, but also the prose formulæ that betray by their style their special and archaic character. 4 [ Footnote: 1) i. 31, 13; 40, 5; 67, 4; 74, 1; 152, 2; ii. 35, 2, etc.] [ Footnote: 2) Av. xv. 2, 1; xix. 54, 3; Taittirīya Saṃhitā, i. 5, 4, 1; 5, 1, etc.] [ Footnote: 3) Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, v. 14, 23; vi. 1; Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa, xxvi. 3. 5; Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, i. 4, 4, 6; xi. 2, 1, 6, Nirukta, vii. 1, etc.; Chāndogya Upaniṣad, vii. 1, 3.] [ Footnote: 4) Bloomfield, Vedic Concordance, viii; Keith, Aitareya Āraṇyaka, 298. Mac- donel's Vedic Grammar covers the Mantra material of the Vedic Saṃhitās, prose as well as poetry.] [ ID=2354 ]

### Mantra as a Proper Name (3 definitions)
- an epithet of Vishnu  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of Viṣṇu, Viṣṇu-smṛti, Viṣṇu-sūtra, Vaiṣṇava-dharma-śāstra (Title) [ ID=157242 ]
- of Shiva  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of Śiva, Mahābhārata (Title) [ ID=157243 ]
- 1. An epithet of Shiva. 2. An epithet of Vishnu.  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > Mantra 2 = Śiva (1000 names 1—2 ).—Do. 3 = Viṣṇu (1000 names). [ ID=7112 ]

### Specialized Uses, Classifications, and Personification (3 definitions)
- the fifth astrological mansion  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in astrol. ) the fifth mansion, Varāha-mihira’s Yogayātrā (Title) [ ID=157244 ]
- A sacred text personified  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 465-1 ] Mantra 1 (“sacred text,” personif.). § 270 (Brahmasabhāv.): II, 11, 447 (in the palace of Brahmán). [ ID=7111 ]
- 1. Sacred formulas taking sacrificial food to the ancestors. 2. Compositions originating from the emotional states of rishis and organized by sages.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > मन्त्र (mantra) [Printed book page 2-627 ] Mantras — take the food offered in sacrifices to the Pitṛs as the calf finds out its mother among the lost cows; 1 came out of discontent, fear, difficulties, happiness and misery of ṛṣis; later put into form and order by sages; differences in mantras as many as twenty-four; 2 the two major divisions — grāmyam and āraṇyakam; 3 Veda mantras, Viṣṇu mantra, Durgā mantra, Gāṇapata mantra, etc.; 4 ety of. 5 [ Footnote: 1) Br. II. 28. 91; Vā. 59. 61.] [ Footnote: 2) Br. II. 32. 68; 33. 42; Vā. 59. 35-61; M. 145. 62-3.] [ Footnote: 3) Br. II. 35. 73, 85; IV. 8. 51-3, 57.] [ Footnote: 4) Ib. IV. 38. 4.] [ Footnote: 5) Vā. 59. 141.] [ ID=10149 ]

### Cross-references and Meta-information (2 definitions)
- See page 785  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 787,1] मन्त्र (mantra) b See p. 785, col. 3. [ ID=157540 ]
- See page 744  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > [Printed book page 0745-a ] Mantra. See p. 744, col. 1. [ ID=36401 ]

### Counsel, Deliberation, and Planning (1 definition)
- 1. Consultation 2. Resolution 3. Counsel 4. Advice 5. Plan 6. Design 7. Secret  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > consultation, resolution, counsel, advice, plan, design, secret, Ṛg-veda (Title) &c. &c. [ ID=157241 ]

### Formulas Sacred to Specific Deities (1 definition)
- a sacred formula addressed to an individual deity  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > [Printed book page 786,1] a sacred formula addressed to any individual deity ( e.g. ओम् शिवाय नमः (om śivāya namaḥ) ), Religious Thought and Life in India, also called ’Brāhmanism and Hindūism,’ by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 61 [ ID=157239 ]

### Incantations, Spells, and Mystical Formulas (1 definition)
- A mystical verse, magical formula, incantation, charm, or spell.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a mystical verse or magical formula (sometimes personified), incantation, charm, spell ( esp. in modern times employed by the Śāktas to acquire superhuman powers; the primary Mantras being held to be 70 millions in number and the secondary innumerable, Religious Thought and Life in India, also called ’Brāhmanism and Hindūism,’ by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 197 - 202 ), Ṛg-veda (Title) ( i, 147, 4 ); Āśvalāyana-śrauta-sūtra (Title); Manu-smṛti (Title); Kathāsaritsāgara (Title); Suśruta (Title) [ ID=157240 ]

### Vedic Hymns and Sacred Texts (1 definition)
- 1. A Vedic hymn or sacrificial formula. 2. The text portion of the Veda containing rich, yajus, or saman verses, as opposed to the Brahmana and Upanishad portions.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a Vedic hymn or sacrificial formula, that portion of the Veda which contains the texts called ऋच् (ṛc) or यजुस् (yajus) or सामन् (sāman) ( q.v. ) as opp. to the Brāhmaṇa and Upaniṣad portion (see Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 5 &c.), Brāhmaṇa (Literary category); Gṛhya-sūtra and Śrauta-sūtra (Literary category) &c. [ ID=157238 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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