# निरोध (nirodha)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/nirodha

निरोध (nirodha) is a Sanskrit word meaning confinement, locking up, or imprisonment, investment, siege, enclosing or covering up, restraint, control, suppression, destruction, disappointment or frustration of hope, suppression or annihilation of pain. Its 18 recorded definitions are grouped into 7 contexts, among them General Restraint, Obstruction, or Control, Physical Confinement, Enclosure, or Siege, Negative Emotional States or Attitudes.

- **SLP1:** `niroDa`  **IAST:** nirodha  **Devanagari:** निरोध
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirodha
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/nirodha/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### General Restraint, Obstruction, or Control (9 definitions)
- restraint, control, suppression, destruction  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > restraint, check, control, suppression, destruction, Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. [ ID=109430 ]
- 1. Confinement or imprisonment. 2. An enclosure. 3. Coercion, repression, or subjection. 4. Obstruction. 5. Destruction. 6. Disappointment.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > निरोध (nirodha) [Printed book page 142-3 ] निरोध (nirodha) ni-rodha, m. confinement, imprisonment; enclosure; coercion, repression, subjection; obstruction; destruction; disappointment ( dr. ); -ródhana, n. imprisonment; coercion; refusal; disappointment ( dr. ). [ ID=10655 ]
- 1. Loss or destruction. 2. Opposition, hindrance, restraint, or prevention. 3. Aversion, disfavour, or dislike. 4. Preserving. 5. Confinement.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > नि (ni) रोध (nirodha) [Printed book page 473 ] नि (ni) रोध (nirodha) m. ( - धः (-dhaḥ) ) 1 Loss, destruction. 2 Opposition, hindrance, check, restraint, prevention. 3 Aversion, disfavour, dislike. 4 Preserving. 5 Confinement. E. नि (ni) before रुध (rudha) to oppose, affix घञ् (ghañ). [ ID=21955 ]
- 1. Loss. 2. Confinement. 3. A check. 4. Dislike. 5. Preserving.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > निरोध (nirodha) [Printed book page 422-a ] निरोध (nirodha) ( धः ) ((dhaḥ)) 1. m. Loss; confinement; check; dislike; preserving. [ ID=21430 ]
- 1. Confinement or imprisonment. 2. Enclosing or covering up. 3. Restraint, check, or prevention. 4. Annihilation or destruction. 5. Aversion or dislike. 6. Disappointment or frustration.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > निरोध (nirodha) [Printed book page 387-03 ] निरोध (nirodha) m. 1. Confinement, imprisonment, M. viii.310; 2. enclosing, covering up; 3. restraint, check, prevention, K.S. iii.48; 4. annihilation, destruction; 5. aversion, dislike; 6. disappointment, frustration of hope (in dramatic language). [ ID=19849 ]
- 1. Loss, destruction. 2. Opposition, hindrance, or restraint. 3. Disfavor or dislike. 4. Preserving. 5. Confinement.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > नि (ni) रोध (nirodha) [Printed book page 395-b ] नि (ni) रोध (nirodha) m. ( - धः (-dhaḥ) ) 1. Loss, destruction. 2. Opposition, hindrance, check, restraint, prevention. 3. A version, disfavour, dislike. 4. Preserving. 5. Confinement. E. नि (ni) before, रुध् (rudh) to oppose, affix भावे घञ् (bhāve ghañ). [ ID=21943 ]
- 1. Confinement or imprisonment. 2. Coercion. 3. Obstruction. 4. Destruction. 5. Disappointment.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > निरोध (nirodha) [Printed book page 0478-a ] निरोध (nirodha) nirodha, i. e. ni-rudh + a, m. 1. Confinement, imprisonment, Man. 8, 375. 2. Coercion, 6, 60. 3. Obstruc- tion, MBh. 3, 11554. 4. Destruction, Hariv. 111. 5. Disappointment, Daśa- rūp. 1, 31. [ ID=7564 ]
- shutting in, confinement, restraint, coercion, oppression  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > निरोध (nirodha) [Printed book page 274 ] निरोध (nirodha) m. shutting in, confinement, restraint, coercion, oppression. [ ID=16655 ]
- 1. Confinement, imprisonment, or covering up. 2. Restraint, suppression, hindrance, or opposition. 3. Annihilation or destruction. 4. Frustration of hope in drama. 5. Hurting or injuring. 6. Aversion, disfavour, or dislike. 7. Suppression of pain in Buddhism. 8. The name of a man.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > निरोध (nirodha) [Printed book page 0495-a ] Ni-rodha, as, m. shutting in, confinement, locking up, imprisonment; enclosing, covering up; check, restraint, coercion, suppression, hindrance, prevention, obstruction, opposition; annihilation, destruction; (in dramatic language) disappointment, frustration of hope; hurting, injuring ( = ni-graha ); aversion, disfavour, dislike; (with Buddhists) suppression or annihilation of pain (one of the four principles); N. of a man. [ ID=25137 ]

### Physical Confinement, Enclosure, or Siege (3 definitions)
- confinement, locking up, or imprisonment  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3) [Printed book page 554,1] नि - (ni-) ° रोध (°rodha) m. confinement, locking up, imprisonment ( - तस् (-tas), Manu-smṛti (Title) viii, 375 ) [ ID=109427 ]
- investment, siege  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > investment, siege, Catalogue(s) [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=109428 ]
- enclosing or covering up  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > enclosing, covering up, Varāha-mihira [Cologne Addition] (Author); Kāvya literature (Literary category) &c. [ ID=109429 ]

### Negative Emotional States or Attitudes (2 definitions)
- disappointment or frustration of hope  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in dram. ) disappointment, frustration of hope, Daśarūpa (Title) [ ID=109431 ]
- dislike or aversion  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > aversion, disfavour, dislike, Horace H. Wilson, author of first Sanskrit-English dictionary in 1819 (Author) [ ID=109435 ]

### Cessation of Suffering (Philosophical/Religious) (1 definition)
- suppression or annihilation of pain  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (with, Buddhist literature (Literary category) ) suppression or annihilation of pain (one of the 4 principles), Lalita-vistara (Title); Monier-Williams’ Buddhism in its connexion with Brāhmaṇism and Hindūism: and in its contrast with Christianity (Title) 43, 56, 137 &c. [ ID=109432 ]

### Harm or Injury (1 definition)
- hurting or injuring  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > hurting, injuring (= नि - ग्रह (ni-graha) ), Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=109434 ]

### Proper Noun (Name of a Person) (1 definition)
- a man's name  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of a man, Lalita-vistara (Title) [ ID=109436 ]

### Specific Technical Process (e.g., in Mineralogy) (1 definition)
- a particular process applied to minerals, especially quicksilver  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a partic. process to which minerals ( esp. quicksilver) are subjected, Catalogue(s) [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=109433 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546