# परमात्मन् (paramātman)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/paramatman

परमात्मन् (paramātman) is a Sanskrit word meaning the whole heart, the Supreme Spirit, the Supreme Being, considered as the soul of the universe, supreme or universal soul. Its 9 recorded definitions are grouped into 2 contexts, among them The Supreme Spirit or Universal Soul, All the heart / With utmost feeling.

- **Etymology:** E. परम first, आत्मन् spirit or soul — E. parama first, ātman spirit or soul
- **SLP1:** `paramAtman`  **IAST:** paramātman  **Devanagari:** परमात्मन्
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramatman
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/paramatman/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### The Supreme Spirit or Universal Soul (8 definitions)
- the Supreme Spirit  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the Supreme Spirit, Upaniṣad (Literary category); Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. ( cf. Religious Thought and Life in India, also called ’Brāhmanism and Hindūism,’ by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 37 ). [ ID=116542 ]
- supreme or universal soul  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परमात्मन् (paramātman) [Printed book page 153-3 ] परमात्मन् (paramātman) parama‿ātman, m. supreme or universal soul; -ātma-tā, f., -tva, n. abst. ɴ.; -ānanda, m. supreme joy; -anna, n. (best food), rice boiled in milk; -āpad, f. greatest misfortune; -artha, m. highest or whole truth, true state of the case, reality: °—, -tas, in., ab. in reality, -bhāj, a. possessed of the highest truth. [ ID=11170 ]
- The Supreme Being, considered as the soul of the universe.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परम (parama) ात्मन् (paramātman) [Printed book page 504 ] परम (parama) ात्मन् (paramātman) m. ( - त्मा (-tmā) ) The Supreme Being, considered as the soul of the universe. E. परम (parama) first, आत्मन् (ātman) spirit or soul. [ ID=23330 ]
- The Supreme Spirit  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परमात्मन् (paramātman) [Printed book page 450-b ] परमा _ त्मन् (paramā_tman) ( त्मा ) ((tmā)) 5. m. The Supreme. [ ID=22804 ]
- the supreme spirit  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परमात्मन् (paramātman) [Printed book page 413-03 ] परम - आत्मन् (parama-ātman) m. the supreme spirit. [ ID=21187 ]
- The Supreme Being, considered as the soul of the universe.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परम (parama) ात्मन् (paramātman) [Printed book page 422-b ] परम (parama) ात्मन् (paramātman) m. ( - त्मा (-tmā) ) The Supreme Being, considered as the soul of the universe. E. परम (parama) first, आत्मन् (ātman) spirit or soul. [ ID=23316 ]
- the supreme spirit or soul of the universe  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परमात्मन् (paramātman) [Printed book page 297 ] परमात्मन् (paramātman) m. the supreme spirit, the soul of the universe; abstr. ° त्मत्व (°tmatva). [ ID=17981 ]
- The supreme soul, often identified with Brahman, Shiva, or Vishnu  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > परमात्मन् (paramātman) [Printed book page 538-2 ] Paramātman (“the Supreme Soul,” often identified with Brahmán, Śiva, or Viṣṇu (Kṛṣṇa, Nārāyaṇa)): III, 10915 ( Viṣṇunā ), 10931 (= Viṣṇu), 10955 ( Viṣṇunā ), 11174 ( nirguṇaḥ ); V, †1675; VI, 1343, 1352, 1399 ( uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ ), 4462 (= Kṛṣṇa); VII, 6466 (do.); XII, 6921 (= Brahmán?), 7108, 7192 ( sthānasya P°naḥ ), †7400 ( °kārī ), 7743, 8822, †8943 ( °tāṃ ), †8949, 11174, 11175, 11194, 11720, 12889 ( Vāsudevaḥ, = Nārāyaṇa (Kṛṣṇa)), 12982 (= do.), 12989 (= do.), 13012 ( dehināṃ, = do.), 13034 (= do.), 13139 (= do.), 13335 (= do.), 13350 (= do.), 13354 (= do.), 13358 (= do.), 13369 (= do.), 13374 (= do., °aḥ sthānasya ), 13387 (= do.), 13402 (= do.), 13449 (= do.), 13684, 13753, 13754 ( Nārāyaṇaḥ ): XIII, 1252 (= Śiva (1000 names 2 )), 4104 ( Brahmaṇaḥ ), 6865 (= Kṛṣṇa), 6951 (Viṣṇu's 1000 names), 7743 (= Kṛṣṇa); XIV, 1491 (do.) [ ID=8114 ]

### All the heart / With utmost feeling (1 definition)
- the whole heart  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3) [Printed book page 588,2] परमा (paramā) त्मन् (tman) m. all the heart (only instr. = परमेण चेतसा (parameṇa cetasā), col. 1), Mahābhārata (Title) [ ID=116541 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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