# परमेश्वर (parameśvara)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/parameshvara

परमेश्वर (parameśvara) is a Sanskrit word meaning the supreme lord, Supreme Being, God, an epithet of Shiva, of Vishnu, of Indra, of an eminent prince or illustrious man, a Jaina. Its 19 recorded definitions are grouped into 6 contexts, among them Supreme Divine Lord, God, or Specific Deities, Human Ruler, Eminent Person, or Imperial Title, Parameśvarī - The Supreme Goddess.

- **Etymology:** E. परम best, ईश्वर lord — E. parama best, īśvara lord
- **SLP1:** `parameSvara`  **IAST:** parameśvara  **Devanagari:** परमेश्वर
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parameshvara_%28epithet%29
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/parameshvara/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** पारमेश्वर (pārameśvara)

## Meanings by context

### Supreme Divine Lord, God, or Specific Deities (12 definitions)
- the supreme lord, Supreme Being, God  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3) [Printed book page 588,3] परमे (parame) श्वर (śvara) m. the supreme lord, Supreme Being, God [ ID=116591 ]
- an epithet of Shiva  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of Śiva [ ID=116592 ]
- of Vishnu  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of Viṣṇu [ ID=116593 ]
- of Indra  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of Indra [ ID=116594 ]
- 1. A supreme lord, prince, or God. 2. Sovereignty or lordship.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परमेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 153-3 ] परमेश्वर (parameśvara) parama‿īśvara, m. mighty or supreme lord, prince; God: -tā, f., -tva, n. sovereignty, lordship. [ ID=11171 ]
- 1. The Supreme Being. 2. Shiva. 3. Vishnu. 4. For the feminine form, Durga.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परम (parama) ेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 504 ] परम (parama) ेश्वर (parameśvara) m. ( - रः (-raḥ) ) 1 The Supreme Being. 2 ŚIVA. 3 VIṢṆU. f. ( - री (-rī) ) DURGĀ. E. परम (parama) best, ईश्वर (īśvara) lord. [ ID=23342 ]
- 1. The Supreme Being, Shiva, or Vishnu. 2. Durga.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परमेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 450-b ] परमे _ श्वर (parame_śvara) ( रः ) ((raḥ)) 1. m. The Supreme (Being). Shiva; Vishnu. f. ( री (rī) ) Durgā. [ ID=22816 ]
- 1. An epithet of Vishnu. 2. An epithet of Indra. 3. An epithet of Shiva. 4. The supreme being.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परमेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 413-03 ] परम - ईश्वर (parama-īśvara) m. 1. an epithet of Vishṇu; 2. of Indra; 3. of Śiva; 4. the supreme being. [ ID=21190 ]
- 1. The Supreme Being. 2. Shiva. 3. Vishnu. For the feminine form: Durga.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परम (parama) ेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 422-b ] परम (parama) ेश्वर (parameśvara) m. ( - रः (-raḥ) ) 1. The Supreme Being. 2. SĪVA. 3. VISHṆU. f. ( - री (-rī) ) DURGĀ. E. परम (parama) best, ईश्वर (īśvara) lord. [ ID=23328 ]
- supreme lord  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > परमेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 187-a ] parameśvara, m. supreme lord. [ īśvara. ] [ ID=2466 ]
- the Supreme Lord  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > परमेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 538-2 ] Parameśvara (“the Supreme Lord”, often identified with Brahmán, Śiva, or Viṣṇu (Kṛṣṇa, Nārāyaṇa): III, 8353 ( Kṣetrajñaḥ = Kṛṣṇa ); V, 3870 (= Kāla); VI, 1348, 2941 (= Kṛṣṇa); XII, 2398 ( Nārāyaṇaṃ ), 12875 (= Nārāyaṇa), 13005 (do.); XIII, 595 (= Śiva), 792 (do.), 795 (do.), 797 (do.), 842 (do.), 913 (do.), 922 (do.), 1119 (do.), 1360 (do.), 3621 ( Brahmā ), 6908 (identified with Kāla), 6990 (Viṣṇu's 1000 names); XIV, 1320, 1592 (= Kṛṣṇa). [ ID=8115 ]
- 1. Shiva. 2. An epithet of Vishnu.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > परमेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 2-290 ] Parameśvara — is Śiva; 1 also an epithet of Viṣṇu. 2 [ Footnote: 1) Br. III. 41. 50; 44. 30; IV. 10. 28; M. 12. 9.] [ Footnote: 2) Vi. V. 1. 60; 18. 52.] [ ID=7575 ]

### Human Ruler, Eminent Person, or Imperial Title (2 definitions)
- of an eminent prince or illustrious man  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of any eminent prince or illustrious man, Mahābhārata (Title); Kāvya literature (Literary category) &c. ( cf. Religious Thought and Life in India, also called ’Brāhmanism and Hindūism,’ by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 35 &c.) [ ID=116595 ]
- 1. A rich or noble lord, prince, or king. 2. An epithet of several gods.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परमेश्वर (parameśvara) [Printed book page 297 ] परमेश्वर (parameśvara) m. a rich or noble lord, a prince or king ( abstr. ° ता (°tā) f., ° त्व (°tva) n. ); also = prec. & E. of sev. gods, f. ई (ī) E. of Durgā. [ ID=17986 ]

### Parameśvarī - The Supreme Goddess (2 definitions)
- an epithet of Durga  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3B) [Printed book page 588,3] परमे (parame) श्वरी (śvarī) f. N. of Durgā, Harivaṃśa (Title) [ ID=116598 ]
- of Sita  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of Sītā, Rāmatāpanīya-upaniṣad (Title) ( ° री - दासा (°rī-dāsā) ब्धि (bdhi), m. N. of wk. ) [ ID=116599 ]

### A Follower of Jainism (1 definition)
- a Jaina  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a Jaina, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=116596 ]

### Name of a Sacred Śiva Liṅga (1 definition)
- a linga sacred to Shiva  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3B) [Printed book page 588,3] परमे (parame) श्वर (śvara) n. ( sc. लिङ्ग (liṅga) ) N. of a Liṅga sacred to Śiva, Catalogue(s) [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=116600 ]

### Proper Name of Authors (1 definition)
- the name of several authors  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of sev. authors ( ° रीय (°rīya) n. a work of P° ), Catalogue(s) [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=116597 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546