# परिणाम (pariṇāma)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/parinama

परिणाम (pariṇāma) is a Sanskrit word meaning change, transformation, or development, ripeness, maturity, digestion, withering or fading, lapse of time, decline of age. Its 16 recorded definitions are grouped into 8 contexts, among them Comprehensive or Multi-faceted Meanings, Temporal Processes (Aging, Decline, Fading, Lapse of Time), Result, Consequence, or End.

- **SLP1:** `pariRAma`  **IAST:** pariṇāma  **Devanagari:** परिणाम
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/parinama/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### Comprehensive or Multi-faceted Meanings (6 definitions)
- 1. Change of form or state. 2. Maturity or ripeness. 3. End or last stage.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परि (pari) णाम (pariṇāma) [Printed book page 509 ] परि (pari) णाम (pariṇāma) m. ( - मः (-maḥ) ) 1 Change of form or state. 2 Maturity, fulness, ripeness. 3 End, last stage or state. E. परि (pari) before नम (nama) to bend, aff. घञ् (ghañ). [ ID=23541 ]
- 1. Change of form or state. 2. Maturity. 3. End.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परिणाम (pariṇāma) [Printed book page 454-b ] परि - णाम (pari-ṇāma) ( मः ) ((maḥ)) 1. m. Change of form or state; maturity; end. [ ID=23015 ]
- 1. Transformation. 2. Digestion. 3. Result. 4. Conclusion or end. 5. Old age. 6. Ripening. 7. A rhetorical figure of speech.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परिणाम (pariṇāma) [Printed book page 416-33 ] परि ( री ) णाम (pari(rī)ṇāma) m. 1. Alteration, transformation; 2. digestion, e.g. भुक्तस्य परिणाम (pariṇāma) हेतुरौदर्यः (bhuktasya pariṇāmaheturaudaryaḥ) T.S.; 3. result, consequence, issue, परिणाम (pariṇāma) सुखे गरीयसि (pariṇāmasukhe garīyasi) ( वचसि (vacasi) or भेषजे (bheṣaje) ) Kir. ii.4, Bg. xviii.37, 38; 4. end, termination, conclusion, दिवसाः परिणाम (pariṇāma) रमणीयाः (divasāḥ pariṇāmaramaṇīyāḥ) Sak. i.; 5. old age, R. viii.11; 6. ripening, maturing, फलभरपरिणाम (pariṇāma) श्याम (phalabharapariṇāmaśyāma) ˚ M.M. ix., Ut. ii.; 7. a figure of speech closely resembling रूपक (rūpaka) and minutely distinguished from it; it consists in transferring the properties of any object to that with which it is compared. (For further information, See R.G. under परिणाम (pariṇāma).) [ ID=21312 ]
- 1. Transformation or change. 2. Digestion. 3. Consequence. 4. Termination or end.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परिणाम (pariṇāma) [Printed book page 0521-b ] परिणाम (pariṇāma) pariṇāma, i. e. pari-nam + a, m. 1. Transformation, change, Prab. 27, 12. 2. Digestion, Suśr. 1, 245, 10. 3. Consequence, Vikr. 65, 20. 4. Ter- mination, end, Śāk. d. 3. [ ID=8230 ]
- 1. Change, transformation, or development. 2. Digestion. 3. Fading or decay. 4. The course of time, advancement of age, or old age. 5. Consequence, result, or end.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परिणाम (pariṇāma) [Printed book page 300 ] परिणाम (pariṇāma) m. change, alteration, transformation, development, evolution into ( instr. ), transformation of food i.e. digestion; fading, decay; course (of time), advancement (of age), old age; consequence, result, end. °— & loc. finally, at last. [ ID=18143 ]
- 1. Change, alteration, or transformation. 2. Digestion. 3. Result, consequence, or effect. 4. End, close, or conclusion. 5. Growing old or advancing age. 6. The lapse of time. 7. A figure of speech transferring properties to a compared object.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > परिणाम (pariṇāma) [Printed book page 0541-c ] Pari-ṇāma, as, m. change, alteration, transform- ation; alteration of food, digestion; result, conse- quence, issue, effect, event; end, close, termination, last stage or state, conclusion [cf. duṣ-p° ]; advance in age, growing old; lapse (of time); a particular figure of speech by which the properties of any object are transferred to that with which it is com- pared; ( e ), ind. finally, lastly, in the end, afterwards; at the close of life. —Pariṇāma-darśin, ī, inī, i, looking forward to the issue or consequences (of any act or event), prepared for a change, provident; prudent. —Pariṇāma-dṛṣṭi, is, f. foresight, pro- vidence. —Pariṇāma-nirodha, as, m. obstruction (of felicity caused) by human vicissitude, as birth, growth, death, &c. —Pariṇāma-pathya, as, ā, am, suited to a future state or condition. —Pari- ṇāma-śūla, as, m. pain resulting from the changes of the food in indigestion, violent and painful indi- gestion, flatulence with pain, colic. [ ID=27391 ]

### Temporal Processes (Aging, Decline, Fading, Lapse of Time) (3 definitions)
- withering or fading  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > withering, fading, ŚārṅgP. [ ID=117551 ]
- lapse of time  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > lapse (of time), MBh.; R. [ ID=117552 ]
- decline of age  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > decline (of age), growing old, ib.; Suśr. [ ID=117553 ]

### Result, Consequence, or End (2 definitions)
- result, consequence, or end  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > result, consequence, issue, end ( ibc. and ° मे (°me) ind. finally, at last, in the end), Kāv. [ ID=117554 ]
- finally  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3C) [Printed book page 594,3] परि - णामे (pari-ṇāme) ind., finally, at last, in the end [ ID=117556.1 ]

### Change, Transformation, Development (1 definition)
- change, transformation, or development  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3) [Printed book page 594,3] परि - णाम (pari-ṇāma) m. change, alteration, transformation into ( instr. ), development, evolution, Sāṃkhyak.; Yogas.; Pur.; Suśr. [ ID=117548 ]

### Digestion (1 definition)
- digestion  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > alteration of food, digestion, Suśr.; Tarkas. [ ID=117550 ]

### Figure of Speech (Rhetoric) (1 definition)
- a figure of speech in which properties of an object are transferred to that with which it is compared  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in rhet. ) a figure of speech by which the properties of any object are transferred to that with which it is compared, Kuval. [ ID=117555 ]

### Proper Noun (Name) (1 definition)
- Name of a holy man  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of a holy man, Religious Thought and Life in India, also called ’Brāhmanism and Hindūism,’ by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 269 [ ID=117556 ]

### Ripening or Maturity (1 definition)
- ripeness, maturity  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ripeness, maturity, Kir.; Uttarar.; Mālatīm. [ ID=117549 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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