# परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/parinirvana

परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) is a Sanskrit word meaning completely extinguished or finished, the place where Buddha disappeared, completely extinguished or brought to an end, the final extinction of the individual, quite extinguished. Its 8 recorded definitions are grouped into 3 contexts, among them Philosophical Concept: Final Liberation/Extinction of Individuality, Adjectival: Completely Extinguished/Finished, Geographical: A Place Name.

- **SLP1:** `parinirvARa`  **IAST:** parinirvāṇa  **Devanagari:** परिनिर्वाण
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parinirvana
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/parinirvana/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** परिनिर्वाणा (parinirvāṇā)

## Meanings by context

### Philosophical Concept: Final Liberation/Extinction of Individuality (4 definitions)
- complete extinction of individuality or cessation of rebirths  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3B) [Printed book page 596,2] परि - वाण (pari-vāṇa) n. complete extinction of individuality, entire cessation of re-births, Monier-Williams’ Buddhism in its connexion with Brāhmaṇism and Hindūism: and in its contrast with Christianity (Title) 50; 122 &c. [ ID=117830 ]
- Final extinction of the individual  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — णं (ṇaṃ) Final extinction (of the individual). [ ID=18056 ]
- Final extinction  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) (II) n. Final extinction. [ ID=21354 ]
- 1. Completely extinguished or brought to an end. 2. The final extinction of the individual. 3. The place where Buddha disappeared.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) [Printed book page 0543-c ] परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) pari-nirvāṇa, as, ā, am, quite extinguished, quite brought to an end; ( am ), n. the final extinction of the individual; N. of a place where Buddha disappeared. [ ID=27541 ]

### Adjectival: Completely Extinguished/Finished (3 definitions)
- completely extinguished or finished  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3) [Printed book page 596,2] परिनिर् (parinir) ° (°) वाण (° (°)vāṇa) mfn. completely extinguished or finished ( अ - परिनिर् (parinir) व् (a-parinirv) ° (°) ), Śakuntalā (Title) [ ID=117829 ]
- Completely extinguished  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) [Printed book page 0676-b ] परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) a. Completely extinguished
- Quite extinguished  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) [Printed book page 417-35 ] परिनिर्वाण (parinirvāṇa) (I) a. (f. णा (ṇā) ) Quite extinguished. [ ID=21353 ]

### Geographical: A Place Name (1 definition)
- the place where Buddha disappeared  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of a place where Buddha disappeared, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=117831 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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