# प्रकृति (prakṛti)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/prakriti

प्रकृति (prakṛti) is a Sanskrit word meaning the original or natural form or condition of anything, cause or original source, origin, extraction, Nature, character, constitution, temper, or disposition, a fundamental form, pattern, standard, model, or rule, a class of deities under Manu Raibhya. Its 44 recorded definitions are grouped into 17 contexts, among them Original or Natural Form/State, Political and Administrative Elements, Primordial Matter/Nature (Philosophical).

- **Root:** 1. कृ (1. kṛ)
- **Etymology:** E. प्र implying priority or precedence, कृ to make, aff. क्तिन् or क्तिच्; being the first step towards creation — E. pra implying priority or precedence, kṛ to make, aff. ktin or ktic; being the first step towards creation
- **SLP1:** `prakfti`  **IAST:** prakṛti  **Devanagari:** प्रकृति
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prakriti
- **Declensions:** 72 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/prakriti/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### Original or Natural Form/State (7 definitions)
- The original or natural form or condition of anything  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 654,1] प्र - कृति (pra-kṛti) b f. ‘making or placing before or at first’, the original or natural form or condition of anything, original or primary substance ( opp. to वि - कृति (vi-kṛti), q.v. ), Prātiśākhya (Literary category); Nirukta, by Yāska (Title); Jaimini (Author); Mahābhārata (Title) [ ID=130024 ]
- 1. Original or natural condition, nature, constitution, or temperament. 2. Primitive or fundamental form, pattern, or standard. 3. The primary material constituent of nature in philosophy. 4. The constituent elements of a state in politics. 5. Subjects, citizens, or ministers. 6. A root or base in grammar.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 383-2 ] प्रकृति (prakṛti) pra-kṛti, f. (putting before, what is presupposed), original or natural form or condition; primitive form ( opp. derivative, vikṛti); nature, constitution, disposition, temper; fundamental form, pattern, standard, rule ( sp. in ritual ); nature ( opp. spirit; ph. ): pl. material elements ( rare ); primary constituents of nature ( from which all else is evolved : there are eight, avyakta, mahat, ahaṃkāra, and the five elements; ph. ); constituent elements of the state ( in politics; there are seven; king, minister, fortress, territory or subjects, treasure, army, and ally ); kings primarily ( of these there are four ) and secondarily ( of these there are eight ) concerned in a war ( each of these 12 having five prakṛtis in the form of minister, territory, fortress, treasure, army ); constituent elements of a kingʼs own state ( exclusive of himself ); ministers; subjects, citizens; sg. root, base ( gr. ): °— or in. by nature, originally, properly; in the original state, unchanged: -ka, a. ( —° ) id.; -kṛpaṇa, a. naturally feeble in discriminating between ( lc. ); -ja, a. innate; -puruṣa, m. nature and spirit ( du. ); minister; -bhāva, m. original or unmodified state; -maṇḍala, n. whole circle of subjects, entire territory; -mat, a. having or being in the original, natural, or usual condition or form; -saṃpanna, pp. endowed with a noble nature; -subhaga, a. naturally beautiful; -stha, a. being in the natural state or condition, natural, genuine, normal; healthy; being in good circumstances. [ ID=20727 ]
- 1. The natural state or original form of anything. 2. Natural disposition, temperament, or constitution. 3. Origin, source, or material cause. 4. A model or standard. 5. A mother. 6. A woman. 7. The male or female organ of generation. 8. The primeval source of the material world consisting of the three qualities of satva, rajas, and tamas in Sankhya philosophy. 9. The personified creative power of the supreme spirit. 10. The uninflected base or crude form of a word in grammar.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 457-02 ] प्रकृति (prakṛti) (I) f. 1. The original or natural form of anything, the natural state, (op. to विकृति (vikṛti) ‘change’), मरणं प्रकृति (prakṛti) ः शरीरिणां विकृति (vikṛti) र्जीवितमुच्यते बुधैः (maraṇaṃ prakṛtiḥ śarīriṇāṃ vikṛtirjīvitamucyate budhaiḥ) R. viii.87, महीयांसः प्रकृत्या मितभाषिणः (mahīyāṃsaḥ prakṛtyā mitabhāṣiṇaḥ) Sis. ii.13, Bg. vii.4; ( प्रकृति (prakṛti) ं आपद् (prakṛtiṃ āpad) ‘to come to one’s senses’); 2. natural disposition, constitution, temperament; 3. origin, source, material cause, the matter out of which anything is formed, प्रकृति (prakṛti) श्च प्रतिज्ञादृष्टांतानुपरोधात् (prakṛtiśca pratijñādṛṣṭāṃtānuparodhāt) /Vedānta S./i.4; 4. a pattern, a model, a standard (in ritualistic works); 5. a mother; 6. a woman; 7. the male organ of generation; 8. the female organ of generation; 9. the source of the material world consisting of the three primary qualities of सत्व (satva), रजस् (rajas) and तमस् (tamas), as distinguished from Purusha (in Sānkhya phil.); 10. the personified will of the supreme spirit (in mythology), Bg. ix.10; 11. the crude form of a word to which case-terminations and other affixes are subjoined (in gram.). [ ID=23699 ]
- 1. The original or natural state of anything. 2. Nature. 3. An eunuch's nature. 4. A radical form or predicament of being. 5. The eight elements from which all is produced. 6. Cause or original source. 7. The requisites of royal administration. 8. The chief objects of royal consideration. 9. Business or affairs. 10. A king's minister. 11. Subjects or people.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 0581-a ] प्रकृति (prakṛti) pra-kṛ + ti, f. 1. The original or natural state of anything, Pañc. ii. d. 95 (by birth); Vikr. 8, 2; Hit. ii. d. 131; Ragh. 5, 54. 2. Nature, Bhag. 3, 33; prakṛtyā, properly, Pañc. 218, 11. 3. With tṛtīyā, ‘the third nature,’ i. e. an eunuch's nature. 4. A radical form or predicament of being, as illusion, in- telligence, etc. 5. The eight elements, from which all is produced, Bhag. 7, 4. 6. Cause, the original source, Śāk. d. 1. 7. The requisites of royal administra- tion, Man. 9, 294. 8. The chief objects of royal consideration, Man. 7, 156. 9. Business, affairs, Man. 8, 161. 10. The minister of a king, 9, 232. 11. Sub- Page0581-b+ 39 jects, people, Man. 7, 175. — Comp. Duṣ- prakṛti, i. e. dus-, adj. wicked, base. [ ID=9332 ]
- 1. The original or natural form of anything or the material world. 2. The constituent elements of a state, such as the king, ministers, and subjects. 3. Natural character, disposition, or temper.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 330 ] प्रकृति (prakṛti) f. the original or natural form or cause of anything; nature or the material world (ph.); the (5—8) constituent elements of the state, e.g. the king, the ministers, subjects etc.; i.g. nature, character, disposition, temper. [ ID=20085 ]
- The original or natural condition or form, or nature.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 194-a ] prakṛti, f. that which one pre-supposes (voraus-setzt), i. e. the original or natural form or condition; nature. [ √1kṛ, ‘do, set,’ + pra. ] [ ID=2695 ]
- 1. The original or natural form, condition, or primary substance. 2. Cause, origin, extraction, or descent. 3. Nature, character, constitution, disposition, or temper. 4. A rule, scheme, pattern, or model. 5. In Samkhya philosophy, the primordial source of the material world, or Nature as opposed to Purusha or Spirit. 6. A goddess, personified divine will, or the female energy of a deity. 7. In grammar, the crude, uninflected, or radical form of a word. 8. A coefficient or multiplier in arithmetic. 9. Temperament, or the predominance of a humor at generation. 10. A woman, mother, or animal. 11. The male or female organ of generation. 12. A eunuch. 13. In Samkhya, the material archetypes or primary elements of existence. 14. The constituent elements of a state, including ministers, territory, and army. 15. A king's ministers and subjects.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 0603-a ] Pra-kṛti, is, f. the original or natural form of anything, natural condition, or state, original, primary substance (opposed to vi-kṛti, change, modification, anything derived or secondary); cause, original source; origin, extraction, descent; nature, character, usual or natural state; constitution, disposition, tem- per; a rule, scheme, paradigm, pattern, model, standard (especially in ritual); (in the Sāṅkhya philosophy) = pra-dhāna, the evolver of all material appearances, the ‘originant’ or original source of (or rather passive power of creating) the material world, (generally called Nature as opposed to Puruṣa or Spirit); (in mythology) a goddess, the personified will of the Supreme in the creation (identified with Māyā or Illusion and in an especial manner the prototype of the female sex; hence the same with the Śakti or personified energy or bride of a deity, as Lakṣmī, Durgā, &c. in some systems Pra-kṛti is considered the same with the Supreme Being); (in grammar) the crude or elementary form of a word, an uninflected word, the radical form of a word before the case-terminations and other affixes are subjoined; N. of two classes of metres, consisting of eight and of eighty-four syllables respectively; (in arithmetic) a coefficient, multiplier; (in anatomy) temperament, the predominance of one of the humors at the time of generation; a woman, woman- kind; a mother; an animal; the male organ of generation; the female organ of generation; N. of a woman; tṛtīyā prakṛtiḥ, the third nature, a eunuch; ( ayas ), f. pl. (in the Sāṅkhya) the ma- terial archetypes of everything existing; the eight producers or primary elements out of which every- thing else is evolved (viz. a-vyakta, buddhi or ma- hat, ahaṅkāra, and the five tan-mātras ); the con- stituent elements of the state (of which five are usually enumerated, viz. the minister, treasure, territory, fortresses, and army, to these are sometimes added the king himself and the sovereign who is his ally, and sometimes also the corporations of citizens); a king's ministers generally; the subjects of a king, the citizens, artizans, &c. the various sovereigns to be considered in case of war (according to Manu VII. 155, viz. the madhyama, vi-jigīṣu, ud-āsīna, and śatru, to which according to Kullūka should be added eight remoter princes, viz. the mitra, ari- mitra, mitra-mitra, arimitra-mitra, pārṣṇi- grāha, ā-kranda, pārṣṇigrāhāsāra, ākrandā- sāra; each of these twelve kings has the five Prakṛtis above-mentioned, so that the total number of Pra- kṛtis may be seventy-two, Manu VII. 157); N. of a class of divinities under Manu Raibhya; pra- Page0603-b+ 79 kṛtyā, ind. by nature, naturally, by birth or extrac- tion; in the original state or condition, without change or alteration; properly. —Prakṛti-kṛpaṇa, as, ā, am, naturally plaintive or disposed to lament, naturally feeble (in discriminating). —Prakṛti- khaṇḍa, as, am, m. n. ‘section on nature,’ N. of the second book of the Brahma-vaivarta-Purāṇa. —Pra- kṛti-guṇa, as, m. one of the three constituent quali- ties of nature (see guṇa ). —Prakṛti-ja, as, ā, am, springing from nature, inborn, innate. —Prakṛti- tarala, as, ā, am, naturally changeful, volatile, fickle, dissolute, voluptuous. —Prakṛti-puruṣa, as, m. a minister of state. —Prakṛti-pralaya, as, m. = pra- kṛti-laya, q. v. —Prakṛti-bhāva, as, m. natural state, original or unaltered condition; ( as, ā, am ), natural, usual, common. —Prakṛti-bhūta, as, ā, am, being in the original state or condition, original. —Prakṛtibhūtekāra (°ta-ik°), as, m. the original sound or letter i. —Prakṛti-maṇḍala, am, n. the circle or aggregate of the Prakṛtis or of a king's subjects, the entire kingdom, whole empire. —Prakṛti-mat, ān, atī, at, having the original or natural form or shape, natural, usual, ordinary; in a natural or usual frame of mind. —Prakṛti-laya, as, m. absorption into Prakṛti, the dissolution of the universe. —Prakṛti-vat, ind. as in the original form. —Prakṛti-vikṛti-svabhāva, as, m. the relation of (a word in its) radical form to (itself under the) mutations (of inflection &c.). —Pra- kṛti-viṣama, as, ā, am, naturally rough. —Pra- kṛti-siddha, as, ā, am, effected by nature, natural; ( am ), n. true or real nature. —Prakṛti-subhaga, as, ā, am, naturally pleasing or agreeable. —Pra- kṛti-stha, as, ā, am, being in the original or natural state, being in the natural condition, natural, genuine, unmixed; healthy, in good health; reco- vered; inherent, innate; bare, stripped of everything. —Prakṛtīśa (°ti-īśa), as, m. ‘lord of subjects,’ a magistrate. [ ID=30192 ]

### Political and Administrative Elements (7 definitions)
- a king's ministers or ministry  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in polit. ) pl. a king's ministers, the body of ministers or counsellors, ministry, Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. [ ID=130033 ]
- the subjects of a king, citizens, and artisans  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the subjects of a king, citizens, artisans &c., in the same place [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=130034 ]
- the seven constituent elements or powers of the state, consisting of the king, minister, allies, treasure, army, territory, and fortresses  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the constituent elements or powers of the state (of which 7 are usually enumerated, viz. king, minister, allies, treasure, army, territory, fortresses, Manu-smṛti (Title) ix, 294; 295 ) [ ID=130035 ]
- the various sovereigns to be considered in case of war  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the various sovereigns to be considered in case of war ( viz. the मध्यम (madhyama), विजिगीषु (vijigīṣu), उदासीन (udāsīna) and शत्रु (śatru); to which should be added 8 remoter princes, viz. the मित्र (mitra), अरिमित्र (mitra) (arimitra), मित्र (mitra)- मित्र (mitra) (mitra-mitra), अरिमित्र (mitra) (arimitra)- मित्र (mitra) (mitra-mitra) (arimitra-mitra), पार्ष्णि - ग्राह (pārṣṇi-grāha), आक्रन्द (ākranda), पार्ष्णिग्राहा (pārṣṇigrāhā) सार (sāra), आक्रन्द (ākranda) ा (ākrandā) सार (sāra); each of these 12 kings has 5 Prakṛtis in the form of minister, territory, fortresses, treasure and army, so that the total number of Prakṛtis may be 72), Manu-smṛti (Title) vii, 155; 157; Manvarthamuktāvalī, KullūkaBhaṭṭa’s commentary on Manu-smṛti (Title) [ ID=130036 ]
- 1. A king’s ministers. 2. A king's subjects. 3. The constituent elements of a state. 4. Neighboring kings to be considered in the event of war. 5. The eight primary elements out of which everything evolves in Samkhya philosophy. 6. The five primary elements of creation.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) (II) f. pl. 1. A king’s ministers, R. xii.12; 2. the subjects of a king; 3. the constituent elements of the states (they are- (1) the king; (2) the minister; (3) the allies; (4) the treasure; (5) territory; (6) fortresses; (7) army; according to some also (8) subjects); 4. the various kings to be considered in the event of war, See M. vii.155 and Kull. on it; 5. the eight primary elements out of which every thing is evolved (in Sānkhya phil.) See /Sānkhya K./3; 6. the five primary elements of creation (viz., पृथ्वी (pṛthvī), अप् (ap), तेजस् (tejas), वायु (vāyu) and आकाश (ākāśa) ). [ ID=23700 ]
- the subjects of a king  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Prakṛti (II) — the subjects of a king; Pṛthu treated them with respect; 1 acquiesced in selecting Pūru and also Dyumatsena. 2 [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. IV. 17. 2; Br. III. 49. 17; M. 34. 26; 226. 6; 240. 11.] [ Footnote: 2) Ib. 36. 5; 214. 16.] [ ID=8441 ]
- seven kinds of elements that support the monarch  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Prakṛtis (I) — seven kinds, which support the monarch. Bhā. VI. 14. 17-18. [ ID=8442 ]

### Primordial Matter/Nature (Philosophical) (6 definitions)
- Nature as the original passive power producing the material world in Samkhya philosophy  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in the Sāṃkhya phil. ) the original producer of (or rather passive power of creating) the material world (consisting of 3 constituent essences or Guṇas called सत्त्व (sattva), रजस् (rajas) and तमस् (tamas) ), Nature (distinguished from पुरुष (puruṣa), Spirit as Māyā is d° from Brahman in the Vedāntas) [ ID=130029 ]
- 1. Nature, or the material cause of the world in philosophy. 2. The natural state or condition of anything. 3. A radical form or predicament of being. 4. The five elements collectively. 5. Cause or origin. 6. A woman or womankind. 7. A mother. 8. An animal. 9. A genital organ. 10. The uninflected radical form of a word. 11. A requisite of regal administration. 12. A form of meter with twenty-one syllables per line. 13. A mathematical coefficient or bodily temperament.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्र (pra) कृ (kṛ) ति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 557 ] प्र (pra) कृ (kṛ) ति (prakṛti) f. ( - तिः (-tiḥ) ) 1 Nature; in philosophy, the passive or material cause of the world, as opposed to the active or spiritual; and in mythology, a goddess, the personified will of the Supreme in the creation, identified with Māyā or illusion, and in an especial manner the prototype of the female sex; hence it is the same with the Śakti or personified energy or bride of a deity, as LAKṢMĪ, DURGĀ, &c. in some systems Prakṛti is considered the same with the Supreme Being. 2 The natural state or condition of any thing. 3 A radical form or predicament of being, as illusion, intelligence, consciousness, and the five elements, or Ākāśa, fire, air, earth, and water. 4 The five elements collectively. 5 Cause, origin. 6 A woman or womankind. 7 A mother. 8 An animal. 9 The male organ of generation. 10 The female organ of generation. 11 An uninflected word; the radical form of a word, before the affixes forming cases, &c. are subjoined. 12 A requisite of regal administration, of which seven are enumerated; the king, the minister, an ally, treasure, territory, fortresses, and an army: the corporations or companies of citizens are sometimes added, making an eighth class. 13 A form of metre, consisting of a stanza of four lines, each line containing twenty-one syllables. 14 (In arithmetic,) A given coefficient. (In anatomy,) Temperament, the predominance of one of the humours at the time of generation. E. प्र (pra) implying priority or precedence, कृ (kṛ) to make, aff. क्तिन् (ktin) or क्तिच् (ktic); being the first step towards creation. [ ID=25750 ]
- 1. Nature or matter. 2. Maya. 3. Origin. 4. An uninflected word. 5. Elements of royalty. 6. Temperament. 7. A given coefficient.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 500-a ] प्र - कृति (pra-kṛti) ( तिः ) ((tiḥ)) 2. f. Nature; matter; Māyā; origin; uninflected word; elements of royalty; temperament; a given co-efficient. [ ID=25234 ]
- 1. Nature, or the material cause of the world in philosophy and mythology. 2. The natural state or condition of anything. 3. A radical form or element of being. 4. The five elements collectively. 5. Cause or origin. 6. A woman or womankind. 7. A mother. 8. An animal. 9. A male or female organ of generation. 10. The uninflected radical form of a word. 11. A requisite of royal administration. 12. A metre consisting of a stanza of four lines with twenty-one syllables each. 13. A mathematical coefficient. 14. Temperament or bodily constitution.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्र (pra) कृ (kṛ) ति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 472-b ] प्र (pra) कृ (kṛ) ति (prakṛti) f. ( - तिः (-tiḥ) ) 1. Nature; in philosophy the passive or material cause of the world, as opposed to the active or spiritual; and in mythology, a goddess, the personified will of the Supreme in the creation identified with Māyā or illusion, and in an especial manner the prototype of the female sex; hence it is the same with the Sakti or personified energy or bride of a deity, as LAKSHMI, DURGĀ, &c. in some systems Prakriti is considered the same with the Supreme Being. 2. The natural state or condition of any thing. 3. A radical form or predicament of being, an illusion, intelligence, consciousness, and the five elements, or Ākās, fire, air, earth, and water. 4. The five elements collectively. 5. Cause, origin. 6. A woman or womankind. 7. A mother. 8. An animal. 9. The male organ of generation. 10. The female organ of generation. 11. An uninflected word; the radical form of a word, before the affixes forming cases, &c. are subjoined. 12. A requisite of regal administration, of which seven are enumerated; the king, the minister, an ally, treasure, territory, fortresses, and an army: the corporations or companies of citizens are sometimes added, making an eighth class. 13. A form of metre, consisting of a stanza of four lines, each line containing twenty-one syllables. 14. (In arithmetic,) A given coefficient. (In anatomy,) Temperament, Page473-a+ 60 the predominance of one of the humours at the time of generation. E. प्र (pra) implying priority or precedence, कृ (kṛ) to make aff. क्तिन् (ktin) or क्तिच्; (ktic;) being the first step towards creation. [ ID=26089 ]
- the original substance  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 559-1 ] *prakṛti (“the original substance”): I, 2430 (= Kṛṣṇa); VI, 977, 1179, 1322, 1341—2, 1355; XII, 7481—3, 7666, 7668, 11335, 11354, 11646, 13044.—Do. personif.: V, 111, 3825 ( °yā Puruṣaḥ sārdhaṃ, on the top of Himavat); XII, 341, 13044; XIII, 593. [ ID=8537 ]
- 1. Matter as opposed to Purusha. 2. The source that creates and unmakes the universe.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > प्रकृति (prakṛti) [Printed book page 2-400 ] Prakṛti (I) — Matter as opposed to Puruṣa; could be conquered by one's yogabala; 1 has the three guṇas — satva, rajas and tamas. 2 Eight kinds of; 3 the seven principles leading to pralaya; 4 also known as pradhāna and avyakta; makes and unmakes the universe; created by the unborn Iśvara; 5 is yoganidrā. 6 [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. I. 8. 18; III. 5. 46; Br. II. 19. 173, 195-7; III. 42. 47; 43. 3.] [ Footnote: 2) Bhā. VII. 1. 7.] [ Footnote: 3) Ib. VII. 7. 22; XI. 22. 18-24.] [ Footnote: 4) Ib. XII. 4. 5; Br. IV. 2. 231; 6. 6; 15. 7; 43. 76.] [ Footnote: 5) M. 3. 14; 154. 356; Vi. I. 2. 19.] [ Footnote: 6) Ib. V. 2. 7; VI. 4. 34-5.] [ ID=8440 ]

### Cosmic Principles or Fundamental Elements (4 definitions)
- the eight primary producers or essences that evolve the visible world  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > pl. the 8 producers or primary essences which evolve the whole visible world ( viz. अ - व्यक्त (a-vyakta), बुद्धि (buddhi) or महत् (mahat), अहं - कार (ahaṃ-kāra), and the 5 तन् - मात्रस् (tan-mātras) or subtle elements; rarely the 5 elements alone), Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 80 &c. [ ID=130030 ]
- nature, origin, or original state  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > prakṛti (do.), pl. ( °ayaḥ ). XII, 7670 ( mūla° ), 11552 ( aṣṭau ), 11554 (do.), 12725 ( sapta, i.e. the seven ṛṣis, Manu is the eighth), 12737 (= do.), 13041 ( aṣṭau, i.e. the seven ṛṣis (Marīci, etc.) and Manu), 13042 ( aṣṭābhyaḥ ); XIII, 1060, 1091 ( aṣṭau ), 1100 ( °īnāṃ layānāñ ca sā gatis teaṃ, sc. Śiva). [ ID=8538 ]
- usually eight, including the eight places of gods from Brahma to Pisacha, the eightfold supernatural power, and the eight forms  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Prakṛtis (II) — usually eight, the eight places of gods, from Brahmā to Piśāca, eight-fold aiśvarya, the eight rūpas, etc. 1 regarded as truth and their opposite as false. 2 Page2-401+ 31 [ Footnote: 1) Br. IV. 3. 27 to 73.] [ Footnote: 2) Ib. IV. 3. 85.] [ ID=8443 ]
- seven unmanifest principles consisting of waters, fire, air, space, the origin of elements, and the intellect that enter gradually to bring about withdrawal, also existing in eight kinds  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 2-401 ] Prakṛtis (III) — seven avyakta, waters, tejas, vāyu, ākāśa, bhūtādi and mahat enter gradually and bring about Pratyāhara; 1 also eight kinds. 2 [ Footnote: 1) Vā. 102. 26; 49. 185.] [ Footnote: 2) Ib. 102. 95.] [ ID=8444 ]

### Inherent Nature, Character, or Temperament (3 definitions)
- Nature, character, constitution, temper, or disposition.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > nature, character, constitution, temper, disposition, Mahābhārata (Title); Kāvya literature (Literary category); Suśruta (Title) &c. ( ibc. and ° त्या (°tyā) ind. by nature, naturally, unalterably, properly, Prātiśākhya (Literary category); Śrauta-sūtra (Literary category); Manu-smṛti (Title) &c.) [ ID=130027 ]
- temperament, the predominance of one of the humours at the time of generation  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in anat. ) temperament, the predominance of one of the humours at the time of generation, Horace H. Wilson, author of first Sanskrit-English dictionary in 1819 (Author) [ ID=130040 ]
- naturally, unalterably, properly  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2C) [Printed book page 654,1] प्र - कृत्या (pra-kṛtyā) ind., by nature, naturally, unalterably, properly, Prātiśākhya (Literary category); Śrauta-sūtra (Literary category); Manu-smṛti (Title) &c. [ ID=130048.1 ]

### Proper Noun (Person, Deity Group, Work) (3 definitions)
- a class of deities under Manu Raibhya  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( pl. ) N. of a class of deities under Manu Raibhya, Harivaṃśa (Title) [ ID=130032 ]
- the name of a woman  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of a woman, Buddhist literature (Literary category) [ ID=130047 ]
- Name of a work  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of wk. [ ID=130048 ]

### Arithmetic Coefficient or Metre (2 definitions)
- name of two classes of metres  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of 2 classes of metres, Colebrooke (Author) [ ID=130038 ]
- a multiplier or coefficient  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in arithm. ) a co-efficient multiplier, in the same place [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=130039 ]

### Cause, Origin, or Source (2 definitions)
- cause or original source  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > cause, original source, Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title); Śakuntalā (Title) &c. [ ID=130025 ]
- Origin, extraction  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > origin, extraction, Mṛcchakaṭikā (Title) [ ID=130026 ]

### Woman or Mother (2 definitions)
- a woman or womankind  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a woman or womankind, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=130044 ]
- a mother  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a mother, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=130045 ]

### An Animal (1 definition)
- an animal  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > an animal, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=130046 ]

### Generative Organs (1 definition)
- the male or female organ of generation  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the male or female organ of generation, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=130043 ]

### Grammatical Term: Root or Base (1 definition)
- the crude or elementary form of a word  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in gram. ) the crude or elementary form of a word, base, root, an uninflected word, Sāhitya-darpaṇa (Title); Pāṇini (Author), Sch.; Vopadeva (Author) [ ID=130037 ]

### Lexicographical Note or Cross-Reference (1 definition)
- See next page  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3) [Printed book page 653,3] प्र - (pra-) ° कृति (°kṛti) a f. See next p. [ ID=130012 ]

### Matter, Affair, or Business (1 definition)
- matter or affair  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > matter, affair, Lalita-vistara (Title) [ ID=130042 ]

### Mythological Goddess or Divine Feminine Principle (1 definition)
- a goddess representing the personified will or energy of the Supreme Being in creation  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in mythol. ) a goddess, the personified will of the Supreme in the creation (hence the same with the Śakti or personified energy or wife of a deity, as Lakṣmī, Durgā &c. also considered as identical with the Supreme Being), Horace H. Wilson, author of first Sanskrit-English dictionary in 1819 (Author); Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 140; Religious Thought and Life in India, also called ’Brāhmanism and Hindūism,’ by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 223 [ ID=130031 ]

### Standard, Model, Rule, or Usage (1 definition)
- A fundamental form, pattern, standard, model, or rule.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > fundamental form, pattern, standard, model, rule ( esp. in ritual), Śrauta-sūtra (Literary category) [ ID=130028 ]

### Third Nature or Eunuch (1 definition)
- a eunuch  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (with त्रितीया (tritīyā) ) the third nature, a eunuch, Mahābhārata (Title) [ ID=130041 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546