# प्रतर्दन (pratardana)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/pratardana

प्रतर्दन (pratardana) is a Sanskrit word meaning piercing, destroying, an epithet of a king of Kashi, belonging to a Rakshasa, a class of divinities under Manu Auttama, a demon, piercing through. Its 15 recorded definitions are grouped into 7 contexts, among them King Pratardana (Son of Divodāsa), Meaning: Piercing/Destroying; Vishnu's Epithet, Pratardanas (Class of Divinities).

- **Root:** तृद् (tṛd)
- **SLP1:** `pratardana`  **IAST:** pratardana  **Devanagari:** प्रतर्दन
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratardana
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/pratardana/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** प्रातर्दन (prātardana)

## Meanings by context

### King Pratardana (Son of Divodāsa) (6 definitions)
- an epithet of a king of Kashi  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > प्र - (pra-) ° तर्दन (°tardana) m. N. of a king of KāŚi (son of Divo-dāsa and author of Ṛg-veda (Title) ix, 96 ), Brāhmaṇa (Literary category); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. [ ID=133756 ]
- A king of the Kashis, son of Divodasa.  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > प्रतर्दन (pratardana) [Printed book page 560-2 ] Pratardana 1, king of the Kāśis, son of Divodāsa. § 149 (Yayāti): I, 86, 3539; 92, (†3658), (†3660); 93, †3688 (when Yayāti fell down from heaven his daughter's sons, Page561-a+ 63 Pratardana, etc., offered him their worlds, but he would not accept them; then they all (Yayāti, P., etc.) ascended to heaven).—§ 267 (Yamasabhāv.): II, 8, 320 (in the palace of Yama), 329 (do., the same?).—§ 467 (Rājanyamahā- bhāgya): III, 198, ††13302, ††13307 (Nārada described the merits of P.).—§ 565 (Gālavacarita); V, 117, 3977 (born of Mādhavī, the daughter of Yayāti to Divodāsa).—§ 566 (Yayāti): V, 121, 4057; 122, 4083 (the daughter-sons of Yayāti, viz. P., etc., caused him again to ascend to heaven by means of their good deeds).—§ 638 b (Rāmopākhyāna): XII, 49, 1773 ( ye te Yayātipatane yajñe santaḥ samāgatāḥ P°prabhṛtayaḥ, cf. § 149 and § 566), 1795 (father of Vatsa). —§ 641 (Rājadh.): XII, 96, 3576; 99, 3664 (battle between P. and Janaka).—§ 656 (Khaḍgotpattik.): XII, 166 δ, 6199, 6200 (received the sword from Śibi, from P. it passed over to Aṣṭaka).—§ 677 (Mokṣadh.): XII, 235, 8594 ( Kāśipatiḥ, gave his eyes to a brahman).—§ 736 b (Vītahavyop.): XIII, 30, 1969 (son of Divodāsa), 1975, 1976, 1979, 1981, 1985, 1992 (the wars between P. and Vītahavya).—§ 767 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 137 α, 6249 ( Kāśipatiḥ, gave his son to a brahman, cf. XII, § 594).— § 775 (do.): XIII, 166 η, 7682 (enumeration). Cf. Divo- dāsātmaja, Kāśipati. [ ID=8606 ]
- see Dyumat  
  *The Purana Index*
  > प्रतर्दन (pratardana) [Printed book page 2-406 ] Pratardana (I) — see Dyumat. Bhā. IX. 17. 6. [ ID=8489 ]
- 1. A son of Divodasa. 2. A father of Vatsa and Garga who earned the title Shatrujit by destroying the line of Bhadrashreniya.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Pratardana (II) — a son of Divodāsa; father of Vatsa and Garga; 1 earned the title, Śatrujit by destroying the line of Bhadraśreṇīya; known as Vatsa, so called by his father out of love, and as Ṛtadhvaja by being truthful. For posses- sing a horse by name Kuvalāyaśva, he came to be known by that name. Alarka was the son of Vatsa. 2 [ Footnote: 1) Br. III. 67. 67-9; Vā. 92. 64, 65.] [ Footnote: 2) Vi. IV. 8. 11-16.] [ ID=8490 ]
- a grandson of Yayati who participated in a sacrifice with Ashtaka and Shibi, discussed different worlds with Yayati, and ascended to heaven  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Pratardana (III) — a grandson of Yayāti by his daughter who with Aṣṭaka, Śibi and Pratardana was engaged in a sacrifice; 1 discoursed with Yayāti on different worlds and Page2-407+ 25 promised to give those worlds to which he was entitled to; went to heaven with the above. 2 [ Footnote: 1) M. 35. 5.] [ Footnote: 2) Ib. 38. 22; 41. 13-14; 42. 14, 26 and 28.] [ ID=8491 ]
- A king mentioned in Vedic literature, the son of Divodasa according to some scholars.  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > प्रतर्दन (pratardana) [Printed book page 2-029 ] Pra-tardana is the name in the Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā 1 of a king who had a Bharadvāja for his Purohita. In the Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa 2 he appears as arriving at the sacrifice of the Ṛṣis in the Naimiṣa forest, and asking them how errors in the sacrifice could be remedied; and as finding Alīkayu Vācaspata, the Brahman priest at the sacrifice, unable to say what was to be Page2-030+ 35 done. In the Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad 3 it is said that Pratardana Daivodāsi went to Indra's world through his death in battle. The patronymic connects him with Divodāsa, the ancestor or father of Sudās, and the mention of Bharadvāja (probably ‘a Bharadvāja’ is meant) as his priest supports the patronymic, for Divodāsa is a special favourite of the singers of the Bharad- vāja family. The name, moreover, is reminiscent of the Tṛtsus (the root tard appears in both) and of the Pratṛdaḥ (see Pratṛd ). But he is not in Vedic literature a king of Kāśi. 4 Geldner 5 regards him as Divodāsa's son, but this is not likely. Cf. Prātardani. [ Footnote: 1) xxi. 10.] [ Footnote: 2) xxvi. 5.] [ Footnote: 3) iii. 1.] [ Footnote: 4) As in the Epic; Pargiter, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1910, 38] [ Footnote: 5) Vedische Studien, 2, 138.] [ ID=1980 ]

### Meaning: Piercing/Destroying; Vishnu's Epithet (3 definitions)
- piercing, destroying  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H3) [Printed book page 674,2] प्र - (pra-) ° तर्दन (°tardana) b mfn. piercing, destroying (said of Viṣṇu), Viṣṇu-smṛti, Viṣṇu-sūtra, Vaiṣṇava-dharma-śāstra (Title) MS. [ ID=133755 ]
- 1. Piercing through. 2. A destroyer. 3. An epithet of Vishnu.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतर्दन (pratardana) [Printed book page 333 ] प्रतर्दन (pratardana) a. piercing through; m. destroyer, E. of Viṣṇu. [ ID=20258 ]
- Vishnu  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > Pratardana 3 = Viṣṇu (1000 names). [ ID=8608 ]

### Pratardanas (Class of Divinities) (2 definitions)
- a class of divinities under Manu Auttama  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a class of divinities under Manu Auttama, Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=133758 ]
- a group of twelve gods of the Uttama Manu epoch  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 2-407 ] Pratardanas — a group of gods, twelve in number, of the epoch of Uttama Manu. Br. II. 36. 27, 31. Vā. 62. 24; Vi. III. 1. 14. [ ID=8492 ]

### Etymological Root (1 definition)
- See under pra-tṛd  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 661,2] प्र - (pra-) तर्दन (pra-tardana) a See under प्र - (pra-) √ तृद् (√tṛd). [ ID=131392 ]

### Pratardana the Kuru Warrior (1 definition)
- a Kuru warrior  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > [Printed book page 561-1 ] Pratardana 2, a Kuru warrior. § 593 (Abhimanyuvadhap.): VII, 37 κ, 1610 (attacked Abhimanyu). [ ID=8607 ]

### Pratardana the Rakshasa (1 definition)
- belonging to a Rakshasa  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a Rākṣasa, Rāmāyaṇa (Title) [ ID=133757 ]

### Summary Lexicographical Entry (1 definition)
- 1. A king of Kashi. 2. A demon. 3. A class of divinities.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > प्रतर्दन (pratardana) [Printed book page 0611-b ] प्रतर्दन (pratardana) pra-tardana, as, m. (fr. rt. tṛd with pra ), N. of a king of Kāśī (a son of Divo-dāsa and author of the hymn Ṛg-veda IX. 96); N. of a Rākṣasa; of a class of divinities under Manu Auttama. [ ID=30675 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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