# प्रतीप (pratīpa)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/pratipa

प्रतीप (pratīpa) is a Sanskrit word meaning going in an opposite direction, adverse, or contrary, inverted, out of order, displeasing, resisting, refractory, obstinate, impeding or hindering, backward or retrograde. Its 44 recorded definitions are grouped into 12 contexts, among them Contrary / Adverse / Opposed / Against, Reversed / Inverted / Retrograde (Order/Motion), King Pratīpa (Proper Noun).

- **Root:** गम् (gam)
- **Etymology:** E. प्रति before अप् water, and the अ changed to इ by special rule — E. prati before ap water, and the a changed to i by special rule
- **SLP1:** `pratIpa`  **IAST:** pratīpa  **Devanagari:** प्रतीप
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratipa
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/pratipa/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** प्रातीप (prātīpa), प्रतीपा (pratīpā), प्रतिपा (pratipā), प्रतिप (pratipa)

## Meanings by context

### Contrary / Adverse / Opposed / Against (9 definitions)
- going in an opposite direction, adverse, or contrary  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 674,1] प्रतीप (pratīpa) mf( आ (ā) )n. ( fr. प्रति + अप् (prati + ap); cf. अनूप (anūpa), द्वीप (dvīpa), समीप (samīpa) ), ‘against the stream’, ‘ ag° the grain’, going in an opposite direction, meeting, encountering, adverse, contrary, opposite, reverse, Mahābhārata (Title); Rāmāyaṇa (Title); Raghuvaṃśa (Title) &c. [ ID=133700 ]
- against  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1B) [Printed book page 674,1] प्रतीप (pratīpa) n. against, Ṛg-veda (Title) &c. &c. [ ID=133711 ]
- Contrary, unfavourable, adverse, or opposite  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0744-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. [ प्रतिगताः आपो यत्र (pratigatāḥ āpo yatra), प्रतिअप् अच्, अप ईप् च् (pratiap ac, apa īp c) ] 1 Contrary, unfavourable, adverse, opposite; तत्प्रतीप (pratīpa) पवनादि वैकृतं (tatpratīpapavanādi vaikṛtaṃ) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 11. 62
- On the contrary.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — पं (paṃ) ind. 1 On the contrary
- Against, in opposition to  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — पं (paṃ) ind. 3 Against, in opposition to; भर्तुर्विप्रकृतापि रोषणतया (bharturviprakṛtāpi roṣaṇatayā) मा स्म प्रतीपं (paṃ) गमः (mā sma pratīpaṃ gamaḥ) Śakuntalā (Bombay) 4. 17
- 1. Contrary or adverse. 2. Reversed. 3. Perverse, contradictory, or disordered. 4. Displeasing. 5. Refractory or obstructive.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 176-1 ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) pratīpá, [prati‿ap-a, against the water i. e. stream], contrary, coming or flying towards one; adverse, opposed; reversed ( sound = echo ); perverse, contradictory; disordered; displeasing to ( g. ); cross-grained, refractory, obstructive; m. opponent, adversary: -m, ad. against the stream, backwards; towards; back, in return ( beat, etc. ); in the inverse order; refractorily: with gam, resist; n. inverted comparison ( e. g. ‘the moon is like thy face’ ); -ga, a. coming or flowing towards; flowing backwards; -gati, f., -gamana, n. retrograde movement; -gāmin, a. going against, acting contrarily to ( —° ); -taraṇa, n. navigation against the stream. [ ID=12144 ]
- 1. Contrary, inverted, hostile, or unpleasant. 2. An adversary.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 337 ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. contrary ( lit. against the stream), inverted, cross, refractory, hostile, trouble-some, unpleasant; m. adversary, antagonist. — n. adv. contrarily, against, back, in inverted order; w. गम् (gam) oppose, resist. [ ID=20494 ]
- contrary  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 195-a ] pratīpá, a. (against the stream, i. e. ) contrary; -ám, adv. contrarily, frowardly. [ prati + ap, 1310a, 1315c, cf. samīpa: for mgs, cf. Eng. contrary. ] [ ID=2728 ]
- 1. Adverse, contrary, or opposite. 2. Displeasing or offensive. 3. Resisting, perverse, or obstinate. 4. Turned away or averted. 5. The name of a prince, father of Shantanu. 6. An inverse comparison in rhetoric. 7. The name of a grammatical work.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0623-c ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) pratīpa, as, ā, am (fr. prati + ap; cf. anūpa, dvīpa, samīpa ), ‘against the stream,’ ‘against the grain,’ going in an opposite direction, adverse, contrary, opposite, opposed, contradictory, reverse; inverted, disordered, out of order; dis- pleasing, offensive, disagreeable; resisting, perverse, refractory, disobedient, cross, obstinate; impeding, hindering; meeting, encountering; backward, retro- grade, going back; turned away, averted; ( as ), m., N. of a prince the father of Śāntanu and grand- father of Bhīṣma; ( am ), n. inverse comparison as a figure of speech (e. g. ‘the lotus resembles thine eyes,’ or ‘the moon resembles thy face,’ instead of the usual comparison — ‘thine eyes resemble the lotus,’ ‘thy face resembles the moon;’ five forms are enu- merated); N. of a grammatical work; ( am ), ind. against the stream, backwards; against; in inverted order; [cf. Russ. protiv, ‘against;’ protivnüi, ‘con- trary.’] —Pratīpa-ga, as, ā, am, going against, flow- ing backwards. —Pratīpa-gati, is, f. or pratīpa-ga- mana, am, n. a retrograde movement. —Pratīpa- gāmin, ī, inī, i, going against, acting in contravention to. —Pratīpa-taraṇa, am, n. sailing against the stream, crossing over (against) the stream. —Pratīpa- darśinī, f. ‘looking in an opposite direction,’ ‘turning away the face,’ a woman; (also spelt pratīpa-dar- śanī. ) —Pratīpa-vacana, am, n. contradicting, con- tradiction; a perverse or evasive manner, speaking to a third person without answering a previous speaker. —Pratīpāśva (°pa-aś°), as, m., N. of a prince; (also read pratīkāśva, q. v.) [ ID=31569 ]

### Reversed / Inverted / Retrograde (Order/Motion) (8 definitions)
- inverted, out of order  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > inverted, out of order, Suśruta (Title); Varāha-mihira [Cologne Addition] (Author) [ ID=133701 ]
- against the stream, backwards  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1C) [Printed book page 674,1] प्रतीपम् (pratīpam) ( अम् (am) ), ind. against the stream, backwards [ ID=133710 ]
- in inverted order  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > in inverted order, Manu-smṛti (Title) [ ID=133713 ]
- Reverse, inverted, out of order  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0744-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. [ प्रतिगताः आपो यत्र (pratigatāḥ āpo yatra), प्रतिअप् अच्, अप ईप् च् (pratiap ac, apa īp c) ] 2 Reverse, inverted, out of order
- Backward, retrograde  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0744-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. [ प्रतिगताः आपो यत्र (pratigatāḥ āpo yatra), प्रतिअप् अच्, अप ईप् च् (pratiap ac, apa īp c) ] 3 Backward, retrograde
- in an inverted order  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — पं (paṃ) ind. 2 In an inverted order
- 1. Inverted or out of order. 2. Adverse, opposed, or contrary. 3. Disagreeable or displeasing. 4. Obstinate, refractory, or disobedient. 5. Retrograde.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 468-35 ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) (I) a. (f. पा (pā) ) 1. Inverted, out of order; 2. adverse, opposed, contrary, प्रतीप (pratīpa) पवनादि वंकृतम् (pratīpapavanādi vaṃkṛtam) R. xi.62; 3. disagreeable, displeasing; 4. obstinate, refractory, disobedient; 5. retrograde. [ ID=24337 ]
- 1. Backward. 2. Retrograde. 3. Contradictory. 4. Refractory or disobedient. 5. Adverse or against the stream.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0596-b ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) pratīpa, i. e. prati-āp + a, adj., f. pā. 1. Backward. 2. Retrograde, Pañc. iii. d. 7. 3. Contradictory, op- posite, Böhtl. Ind. Spr. 396. 4. Re- fractory, Hit. ii. d. 173; disobedient. 5. Adverse, Man. 4, 206; against the stream, Vikr. d. 24. — Comp. Niṣpr°, i. e. nis-, adj. going straight forward, unconcerned, MBh. 4, 933. [ ID=9663 ]

### King Pratīpa (Proper Noun) (5 definitions)
- Name of a prince, the father of Shantanu and grandfather of Bhishma  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of a prince, the father of Śāṃtanu and grandfather of Bhīṣma, Atharva-veda (Title); Mahābhārata (Title); Harivaṃśa (Title) &c. [ ID=133707 ]
- Name of a king, father of Samtanu and grandfather of Bhishma.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — पः (paḥ) N. of a king, father of Saṃtanu and grand-father of Bhīṣma
- Name of the father of Shantanu.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) (II) m. Name of the father of Śantanu. [ ID=24338 ]
- an ancient king  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 562-1 ] Pratīpa, an ancient king. § 155 (Pūruvaṃś.): I, 94, 3749 (son of the elder Dhṛtarāṣṭra (so B.) or of Kuṇḍika (so C.)), 3750 (father of Devāpi, Śāntanu, and Bālhīka).— § 156 (do.): I, 95, ††3797 (son of Pratiśravas, husband of Sunandā Śaibyā, and father of Devāpi, Śāntanu, and Bālhīka).—§ 161 (Mahābhiṣop.): I, 96, 3849, 3858 ( °sya sutaḥ…Śāntanuḥ, Mahābhiṣa chose to be born as Śāntanu, the son of P.).—§ 162 (Śāntanūp.): I, 97, 3865, 3868, 3870, 3872, 3881, 3884, 3887 (accepted Gaṅgā for his daughter-in-law, birth of his son Śāntanu).—§ 569 (Bhaga- vadyānap.): V, 147, 4988 ( °rakṣitaṃ rāṣṭraṃ ); 149, 5053 ( pitur mama pitāmahaḥ, says Dhṛtarāṣtra; father of Devāpi, Śāntanu, and Bālhīka).—§ 775 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 166 η, 7683 (enumeration). Cf. Kurunandana. [ ID=8620 ]
- a son of Dilipa and father of Devapi and others  
  *The Purana Index*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 2-413 ] Pratīpa (I) — a son of Dilīpa and father of three sons, Devāpi and others. Bhā. IX. 22. 11-12; M. 50. 38. Vā. 99. 418; Vi. IV. 20. 8-9. [ ID=8544 ]

### Turned Away / Averted (Posture) (5 definitions)
- turned away  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > turned away, averted, Horace H. Wilson, author of first Sanskrit-English dictionary in 1819 (Author) [ ID=133705 ]
- Turned away, averted  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0744-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. [ प्रतिगताः आपो यत्र (pratigatāḥ āpo yatra), प्रतिअप् अच्, अप ईप् च् (pratiap ac, apa īp c) ] 6 Turned away, averted
- 1. Turned away or having the face averted. 2. Moving backwards or against the natural course and stream. 3. Retrograde. 4. Disobedient, refractory, or perverse. 5. Cross or contradictory. 6. The father of Shantanu and grandfather of Bhishma. 7. Comparing new objects with an established standard, known as inverse comparison.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 568 ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) mfn. ( - पः (-paḥ)- पा - पं (-paṃ) (-paḥ-pā-paṃ) ) 1 Turned away, having the face averted. 2 Backwards, following an order or course the reverse of natural, against the grain or stream. 3 Retrograde, coming back. 4 Disobedient, refractory, perverse. 5 Cross, contradictory. m. ( - पः (-paḥ) ) The father of ŚANTANU, and grandfather of BHĪṢMA. n. ( - पं (-paṃ) ) Comparing new objects with some established object, as with the moon, &c. inverse comparison. E. प्रति (prati) before अ (a) प् (ap) water, and the अ (a) changed to इ (i) by special rule. [ ID=26237 ]
- 1. Averted or opposite. 2. The father of Shantanu. 3. Comparing the new with the old.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 510-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) ( पः - पा - पं ) ((paḥ-pā-paṃ)) a. Averted, opposite to, opposed. m. The father of Santanu. n. Comparing the new with the old. [ ID=25731 ]
- 1. Turned away or having the face averted. 2. Backwards or moving against the natural course. 3. Retrograde. 4. Disobedient, refractory, or perverse. 5. Cross or contradictory. 6. Disagreeable or displeasing. 7. The father of Shantanu and grandfather of Bhishma. 8. Inverse comparison in rhetoric.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 484-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) mfn. ( - पः (-paḥ)- पा - पं (-paṃ) (-paḥ-pā-paṃ) ) 1. Turned away, having the face averted. 2. Backwards, following an order or course the reverse of natural, against the grain or stream. 3. Retrograde, coming back. 4. Disobedient, refractory, perverse. 5. Cross, contradictory. 6. Disagreeable, displeasing. m. ( - पः (-paḥ) ) The father of SĀNTANU, and grandfather of BHĪṢMA. n. ( - पं (-paṃ) ) Comparing Upamāna or a new object with Upameya or the established object, as with the moon, &c., inverse comparison. There are five forms of this figure according to some, and four according to others; some contend that it is not a Page484-b+ 60 separate figure but a form of Upamā. E. प्रति (prati) before, अ (a) प् (ap) water, and the अ (a) changed to इ (i) by special rule. [ ID=26768 ]

### Disobedient / Refractory / Perverse (Behavior) (3 definitions)
- resisting, refractory, obstinate  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > resisting, refractory, cross, obstinate [ ID=133703 ]
- refractorily  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > refractorily (with √ गम् (gam), to resist, Śakuntalā (Title); with अभ्य् - उप - (abhy-upa-) √ गम् (gam) (√gam), to go against, oppose, Rāmāyaṇa (Title) ) [ ID=133714 ]
- Refractory, disobedient, obstinate, perverse  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0744-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. [ प्रतिगताः आपो यत्र (pratigatāḥ āpo yatra), प्रतिअप् अच्, अप ईप् च् (pratiap ac, apa īp c) ] 5 Refractory, disobedient, obstinate, perverse; Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1. 424

### Rhetorical Figure (Inverse Comparison) (3 definitions)
- inverse comparison  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) n. (in rhet. ) inverse comparison ( e.g. ‘the lotus resembles thine eyes’, instead of the usual comparison ‘thine e° resemble the l° ’; 5 forms are enumerated), Kuvalayānanda (Title); Pratāparudrīya (Title); Sāhitya-darpaṇa (Title); Kāvyaprakāśa (Title) [ ID=133708 ]
- a figure of speech in which the standard of comparison is inverted and compared with the object being compared  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — पं (paṃ) N. of a figure of speech in which the usual form of comparison is inverted, the उपमान (upamāna) being compared with the उपमेय (upameya); प्रतीप (pratīpa) मुपमानस्याप्युपमेयत्वकल्पनं । (pratīpamupamānasyāpyupameyatvakalpanaṃ.) त्वल्लोचनसमं पद्मं त्वद्वक्त्रसदृशो विधुः ॥ (tvallocanasamaṃ padmaṃ tvadvaktrasadṛśo vidhuḥ..) Candrāloka 5. 9; (for fuller definitions and explanation see Kāvyaprakāśa 10 under प्रतीप (pratīpa) )
- 1. Name of a rhetorical figure of speech. 2. Against. 3. In an inverted order.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) (III) n. Name of a figure of speech in which the Upamāna is compared with the Upameya; (there are five forms of this figure according to some, four according to others; some contend that it is not a separate figure but a form of Upamā. ) ( प्रतीप (pratīpa) म् (pratīpam) is used as an indeclinable in the sense of- (1) against, मा स्म प्रतीप (pratīpa) ं गमः (mā sma pratīpaṃ gamaḥ) Sak. iv., (2) in an inverted order.) [ ID=24339 ]

### Disagreeable / Displeasing (2 definitions)
- displeasing  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > displeasing, disagreeable, Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title); Rāmāyaṇa (Title); Harivaṃśa (Title) [ ID=133702 ]
- Disagreeable, displeasing  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0744-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. [ प्रतिगताः आपो यत्र (pratigatāḥ āpo yatra), प्रतिअप् अच्, अप ईप् च् (pratiap ac, apa īp c) ] 4 Disagreeable, displeasing

### Hindering / Obstructing (2 definitions)
- 1. Impeding or hindering. 2. Backward or retrograde.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > impeding, hindering, Bhāgavata-purāṇa (Title); Mahābhārata (Title); Rāmāyaṇa (Title) &c. backward, retrograde [ ID=133704 ]
- Hindering  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0744-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. [ प्रतिगताः आपो यत्र (pratigatāḥ āpo yatra), प्रतिअप् अच्, अप ईप् च् (pratiap ac, apa īp c) ] 8 Hindering

### Meanings of Related Compounds (2 definitions)
- 1. Going against. 2. Adverse or unfavourable.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ग (ga) a. 1 going against. 2 adverse, unfavourable; तस्य जातु मरुतः (tasya jātu marutaḥ) प्रतीपग (ga) ाः (pratīpagāḥ) Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 11. 58
- retrograde motion  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — गमनं, गतिः (gamanaṃ, gatiḥ) f. retrograde motion; Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 2. 25

### Meeting, Encountering, or Opponent (2 definitions)
- an adversary or opponent  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) m. an adversary, opponent, Bhāgavata-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=133706 ]
- Meeting, encountering  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > प्रतीप (pratīpa) [Printed book page 0744-a ] प्रतीप (pratīpa) a. [ प्रतिगताः आपो यत्र (pratigatāḥ āpo yatra), प्रतिअप् अच्, अप ईप् च् (pratiap ac, apa īp c) ] 7 Meeting, encountering

### Other Proper Nouns (Work, Tithi) (2 definitions)
- The name of a grammatical work.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of a gram. wk. [ ID=133709 ]
- 1. The first day of the paksha. 2. The time for sacrifices and oblations.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Pratīpa (II) — the first day of the Pakṣa; in the bright half, the moon leaves the Sūryamaṇḍala and takes the middle place between that maṇḍala and that of the moon; the time for sacrifices and oblations; 1 first of tithis. 2 [ Footnote: 1) Vā. 56. 36, 47.] [ Footnote: 2) Ib. 53. 114.] [ ID=8545 ]

### In Return / Reciprocally (1 definition)
- in return  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > in return, Bālarāmāyaṇa (Title) [ ID=133712 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546