# रूप (rūpa)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/rupa

रूप (rūpa) is a Sanskrit word meaning outward appearance, phenomenon, or color, form, shape, or figure, dreamy or phantom shapes, a handsome form, loveliness, grace, beauty, or splendour, nature, character, feature, or sign, likeness. Its 38 recorded definitions are grouped into 18 contexts, among them Form, Appearance, Shape, or Colour, Numerical or Mathematical Concept, Proper Noun (Name).

- **Roots:** भू (bhū), कृ (kṛ)
- **Etymology:** E. रूप to express form, aff. क, or रु to sound, Uṇādi aff. प, and the radical vowel made long — E. rūpa to express form, aff. ka, or ru to sound, Uṇādi aff. pa, and the radical vowel made long
- **SLP1:** `rUpa`  **IAST:** rūpa  **Devanagari:** रूप
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABpa
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/rupa/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** रूपा (rūpā), रुप (rupa)

## Meanings by context

### Form, Appearance, Shape, or Colour (12 definitions)
- 1. Outward appearance, phenomenon, or color. 2. Form, shape, or figure.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 885,3] रूप (rūpa) n. (perhaps connected with वर्प (varpa), वर्प (varpa) स् (varpas); ifc. f.( आ (ā) ), rarely ( ई (ī) )) any outward appearance or phenomenon or colour (often pl. ), form, shape, figure, RV. &c. &c. ( रूप (rūpa) ेण (rūpeṇa) ifc. in the form of; रूप (rūpa) म् - (rūpam-) √ कृ (√kṛ) or √ भू (bhū), to assume a form; often ifc. = ‘having the form or appearance or colour of’, ‘formed or composed of’, ‘consisting of’, ‘like to’; sometimes used after an adj. or p.p. to emphasize its meaning or almost redundantly, cf. घोर - र् (ghora-r) ° (°); or connected with a verb, e.g. पचति - रूप (rūpa) म् (pacati-rūpam), he cooks very well, cf. Pāṇini (Author) viii, 1, 57 ) [ ID=179062 ]
- dreamy or phantom shapes  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > [Printed book page 886,1] dreamy or phantom shapes ( pl. ), VS.; ŚBr. [ ID=179063 ]
- trace of  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( ifc. ) trace of R. [ ID=179070 ]
- 1. Appearance or color. 2. Form or shape. 3. Likeness, image, or reflection. 4. Grammatical form or derivative. 5. Beauty or comeliness. 6. Phenomenon, sign, or manifestation. 7. Characteristic or nature. 8. Sort or kind. 9. Drama.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 257-2 ] रूप (rūpa) rūpá, n. appearance, colour ( esp. pl. ), form, shape; dream or phantom shapes ( pl.; V. ); likeness, image, reflexion; grammatical form, derivative; handsome form, beauty, comeliness; phenomenon; sign, indication, token, symbol, manifestation; characteristic, property, nature; circumstances ( opp. time or place ) sort, kind; trace of ( —° ); single specimen; drama; —° a. having a ( beautiful etc. ) form; having the from, appearance, or colour of, resembling; formed or consisting of, in the form of, that is to say; often —° w. an a. or pp. emphasizing its mg., but frequently also pleonastic : in. rupeṇa, in the form of ( —° ); -ṃ kṛ, assume a form; — the form of ( nm., g., a., or —° ). [ ID=15333 ]
- 1. Like or resembling. 2. Natural property or disposition. 3. Beauty. 4. Form or figure. 5. Appearance or semblance. 6. Cattle or flocks and herds. 7. A verse. 8. Grammatical inflection. 9. A play or dramatic poem. 10. Learning by heart. 11. An image or reflection. 12. Colour. 13. An entire number. 14. A known quantity in algebra.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > रूप (pa) (rūpa) mfn. ( - प (pa) ः - प (pa) ा - प (pa) ं (-paṃ) (-paḥ-pā-paṃ) ) Like, resembling, (in composition, as प (pa) ितृरूप (pa) (rūpa) ः प (pa) ुत्त्रः (pitṛrūpaḥ puttraḥ) a son like his father.) n. ( - प (pa) ं (-paṃ) ) 1 Natural property or disposition nature. 2 Beauty. 3 Form, figure. 4 Appearance, semblance. 5 Cattle generally, flocks and herds, &c. 6 A verse. 7 Declension, conjugation, the inflection of nouns or verbs. 8 A play, a dramatic poem. 9 Acquiring familiarity with any book or authority by frequent perusal, learning by heart or rote. 10 An image, a figure, a reflection or resemblance of any real object. 11 Colour, form, any object of vision. 12 (In arithmetic,) Discrete or distinct quantity, an entire number. 13 Known quantity, whence the first syllable Rū is used in algebra to express the same. E. रूप (pa) (rūpa) to express form, aff. क (ka), or रु (ru) to sound, Uṇādi aff. प (pa), and the radical vowel made long. [ ID=32467 ]
- 1. Like. 2. Natural property or disposition. 3. Form, beauty, or appearance. 4. Colour.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 634-a ] रूप (rūpa) ( पः - पा - पं ) ((paḥ-pā-paṃ)) a. Like. n. Natural property or disposition; form, beauty, appearance; colour. [ ID=32039 ]
- 1. Form or shape. 2. Beauty or elegance. 3. Colour. 4. A visible object. 5. Resemblance or image. 6. Nature or essence. 7. A sign or symptom. 8. A kind or species. 9. A type or pattern. 10. An integer. 11. A play or dramatic composition. 12. Cattle. 13. A sound or word.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 614-05 ] रूप (rūpa) n. 1. Form, shape, रूप (rūpa) ं शूर्पणखा नाम्नः सदृशं प्रत्यपद्यत (rūpaṃ śūrpaṇakhā nāmnaḥ sadṛśaṃ pratyapadyata) R. xii.38; 2. a handsome form, beauty, elegance, विद्या नाम नरस्य रूप (rūpa) मधिकं प्रच्छन्नगुप्तं धनम् (vidyā nāma narasya rūpamadhikaṃ pracchannaguptaṃ dhanam) Bhartr. ii.20; 3. the quality of colour which is of seven kinds (in Nyāya phil.), ( चक्षुर्मात्रग्राह्यो गुणो रूप (rūpa) म् (cakṣurmātragrāhyo guṇo rūpam) T.S. ); 4. any visible object, a thing; 5. similitude, resemblance, image; 6. natural condition or disposition, nature, essence, characteristic; 7. sign, symptom; 8. kind, species; 9. type, pattern; 10. arithmetical unit, integer (in math.); 11. a play, a dramatic composition; See under रूप (rūpa) क (rūpaka); 12. cattle; 13. a sound, a word; 14. acquiring familiarity with any book by frequent recitation; 15. an affix to nouns and adjectives meaning, ‘having the figure or appearance of,’ ‘consisting of,’ ‘namely’; 16. the form of a noun or verb inflected by declension or conjugation (in gram.). [ ID=32189 ]
- 1. Like or resembling. 2. Natural disposition or nature. 3. Beauty. 4. Form or figure. 5. Appearance or semblance. 6. Cattle in general. 7. A verse. 8. The inflection of nouns or verbs. 9. A play or dramatic poem. 10. Learning by heart. 11. An image or reflection. 12. Colour or any object of vision. 13. An entire number. 14. A known quantity in algebra.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 607-b ] रूप (rūpa) mfn. ( - पः - पा - पं (-paṃ) (-paḥ-pā-paṃ) ) Like, resembling, (in composition, as पितृरूप (rūpa) ः पुत्त्रः (pitṛrūpaḥ puttraḥ) a son like his father.) n. ( - पं (-paṃ) ) 1. Natural property or disposition, nature. 2. Beauty. 3. Form, figure. 4. Appearance, semblance. 5. Cattle in general, flocks and herds, &c. 6. A verse. 7. Declension, conjugation, the inflection of nouns or verbs. 8. A play, a dramatic poem. 9. Acquiring familiarity with any book or authority by frequent perusal, learning by heart or rote. 10. An image, a figure, a reflection or resemblance of any real object. 11. Colour, form, any object of vision. 12. (In arithmetic,) Discrete or distinct Page608-a+ 60 quantity, an entire number. 13. Known quantity, whence the first syllable Rū is used in algebra to express the same. E. रूप (rūpa) ् (rūp) to express form, aff. क; (ka;) or रु (ru) to sound, Unādi aff. प, (pa,) and the radical vowel made long. [ ID=33815 ]
- 1. Natural state or condition. 2. State. 3. Form, figure, or kind. 4. Appearance. 5. An image. 6. Beauty. 7. Colour. 8. A play or dramatic poem.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 0777-a ] रूप (rūpa) rūpa (probably from rūp, an old form of rop, in ropaya, the Caus. of ruh ), n. 1. Natural state or condition. 2. State, Pañc. 137, 19. 3. Form, Vikr. d. 9; figure, Chr. 17, 28; kind, Pañc. 21. 25. 4. Appearance. 5. An image. 6. Beauty, Pañc. iii. d. 239. 7. Colour, Bhāṣāp. 2. 99. 8. A play, a dramatic poem. — Comp. A-, adj., f. pā, disfigured, Rām. 2, 23, 43. Ati-, I. n. beauty, Lass. 37, 5. II. adj. beautiful, Rām. 3, 23, 16. Anya-, I. n. another shape, Kathās. 13, 172. II. adj., f. pā, having another shape, Kathās. 12, 195. An-eka-, adj., f. pā, having manifold forms, Hit. ii. d. 174. Aśra-, adj. having the shape of a horse, Pañc. 258, 23. Kāma-, I. n. a shape changing as one lists, MBh. 1, 6077. II. adj., f. pā, taking any or every shape at will, Megh. 6. III. m. sing. and pl. the name of a country, Ragh. 4, 83. Kiṃrūpa, i. e. kim-, adj. of what shape, Pañc. 258, 13. See Ku-, Jāta- ( vb. jan ), I. n. gold, Nal. 1, 19. II. adj. golden, MBh. 14, 190. Tathā-, adj., f. pā, having such a shape, Pañc. 44, 20. Garbha-, adj. child-like, Utt. Rāmac. 168, 3. Deśa-, n. suitableness, MBh. 12, 3961. Naṣṭa-, adj. disappeared, MBh. 3, 2604. Nānā-, I. n. pl. many shapes, Rām. 3, 1, 21 Gorr. II. adj. having many shapes, different, Man. 9, 38. Padma-, adj., f. pā, having the colour of a lotus, MBh. 3, 14404. Puṃrūpa, i. e. puṃs-, n. the Page0777-b+ 45 shape of a man, Kathās. 39, 175. Pūrva-, I. n. symptom of occurring disease, Suśr. 1, 127, 12. II. adj., f. pā, having its former shape, Lass. 72, 13. Prāpta-, adj. 1. handsome. 2. learned, wise. 3. suitable, Daśak. in Chr. 198, 5. Bharya-, adj., f. pā, good, Rām. 3, 52, 14. Yukta-, adj. suitable, Śāk. d. 12. Vi-, I. adj. 1. deformed, Pañc. i. d. 159. 2. unusual. 3. wicked, Pañc. 213, 23. II. n. 1. difference of nature. 2. deformity, Cāṇ. 73 in Berl. Monatsb. 1864, 411; monstrous shape. III. f. pā, the wife of Yama. Viśva-, I. adj. taking all forms, omni- present. II. m. Viṣṇu. Sa-, adj. like, resembling. Saṃkalpa-, adj. con- formable to one's wish. Sva-, I. n. 1. one's own shape, Chr. 62, 51. 2. natural condition, nature, Pañc. 145, 16. 3. natural and obvious purpose. 4. kind. II. adj. 1. of like character, Vedāntas. in Chr. 217, 5. 2. like, similar, suitable, Lass. 35, 12. 3. pleasing, Lass. 20, 11. 4. wise. Ātmasrarūpa, i. e. ātman-sva-, adj. true (just as it happened), Pañc. 43, 12. Stri-sva-, adj. having the body of a female, Chr. 61, 45. Hṛṣṭa-, adj., f. pā, having the hair of the body erect with pleasure, Chr. 60, 33. [ ID=12181 ]
- 1. Outward appearance, form, shape, or color. 2. Beauty. 3. Nature, character, mark, or peculiarity. 4. Circumstances. 5. Drama or play.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 453 ] रूप (rūpa) n. ( adj. —° f. आ (ā), r. ई (ī) ) outward appearance, colour, form, shape (often —° adj. -coloured or -shaped, -like, consisting of or in—), the right form i.e. beauty; nature, character, mark, peculiarity; circumstances; drama, play ( cf. दशरूप (rūpa) (daśarūpa) ). — Abstr. ° ता (°tā) † f., ° त्व (°tva) † n. [ ID=27146 ]
- 1. Outward appearance, form, shape, or color, including a reflected image. 2. Beauty or good form. 3. Characteristic mark or peculiarity.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 231-b ] rūpá, n. —1. outward look or appearance, as well color as form or shape; Lat. forma; form, 48 17, 77 2, 96 12; rūpaṃ kṛ, assume a form, 14 8, 49 6; (reflected) image, 62 17; —2. ( like Lat. forma, and Eng. shape in shape-ly) good form, i. e. beauty, 2 4, etc.; —3. appearance, characteristic mark, peculiarity. [ cf. varpas: see also varcas. ] [ ID=3570 ]
- 1. Any outward appearance, form, figure, or shape. 2. Any visible object. 3. An image, representation, or likeness. 4. An inflected grammatical form of a noun or verb. 5. Beauty, elegance, or grace. 6. Natural state, condition, character, or essence. 7. Kind, sort, or species. 8. Mode or manner. 9. A single specimen, type, or pattern. 10. The number one or an integer. 11. A known quantity in algebra. 12. A particular coin or rupee. 13. A drama, play, or dramatic composition. 14. Cattle, a herd of cattle, or a beast. 15. A sound or word. 16. A verse or shloka. 17. Acquiring familiarity with a book by frequent recitation.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 0851-c ] Rūpa, am, n. (according to Uṇādi-s. III. 28. fr. rt. 1. ru, but probably fr. a base rūp for rop, Caus. of rt. 1. ruh; at the end of an adj. comp. the fem. ends in ā ), any outward appearance or phenomenon, form, figure, shape, ( rūpaṃ kṛ, to assume a form); any object of vision or visible object (as colour &c.); reflected form, image, representation, similitude, re- semblance, semblance; the form of a noun or verb &c. (in grammar), an inflected form by declension or conjugation; a beautiful appearance, handsome form, mien, or figure, shapeliness, beauty, elegance, grace; natural state or condition, natural disposition, nature, essence, property, character, characteristic, peculiarity, feature, sign, symptom; kind, sort, species; mode, manner; a single specimen, type, copy, pattern, original, exemplar; discrete quantity, the number one, the arithmetical unit; integer number, (in this sense said to be plur.); known or absolute number, a known quantity (expressed in algebra by the first Page0852-a+ 81 syllable rū ); a particular coin, (probably) a rupee [cf. rūpaka, rūpya ]; a drama, play, dramatic compo- sition; (according to native lexicographers rūpa has also the following meanings), cattle, a herd of cattle; = mṛga, a beast; = śabda, sound, word; a Śloka, verse; = granthāvṛtti, acquiring familiarity with any book by frequent recitation or learning by heart; ( as ), m. a proper N.; ( as or am ), m. n. (?), N. of a place; ( ā ), f., N. of a river. Rūpa is frequently used in compounds in the sense ‘formed of,’ ‘com- posed of,’ ‘consisting of,’ ‘having the figure or appearance of,’ ‘in the form of,’ ‘having the same form or colour as,’ ‘like to’ (especially at the end of adj. comps., e. g. manojña-rūpā strī, a beautifully- formed woman; an-ācāra-rūpa, of an unusual ap- pearance; aśoka-rūpa, having the colour of the Aśoka, Aśoka-coloured; sometimes used almost re- dundantly, cf. ghora-r° ). —Rūpa-kartṛ, tā, m. ‘maker of forms or figures,’ N. of Viśva-kṛt. —Rū- pa-kāra, as, m. a maker of images, sculptor. —Rū- pa-kṛt, t, t, t, making forms or figures; ( t ), m. epithet of Tvaṣṭṛ (Ved.); a sculptor. —Rūpa-go- svāmin, ī, m., N. of an author. —Rūpa-graha, as, ā, am, apprehending forms, perceiving colours; ( as ), m. the eye. —Rūpa-cintā-maṇi, is, m., N. of a work. —Rūpa-jīva for rūpājīva, q. v. —Rūpa- jña, as, ā, am, knowing forms, perceiving or recog- nising shapes, distinguishing or discriminating visible objects (as colours &c.). —Rūpa-tattva, am, n. ‘reality of form,’ inherent property, natural dispo- sition, nature, essence. —Rūpa-tama, as, ā, am, Ved. having most form or colour. —Rūpa-tas, ind. according to form, by shape, in form. —Rūpa-tā, f. or rūpa-tva, am, n. the state of being formed or composed of (often at the end of comps., e. g. duḥkha-rūpa-tā, the consisting of pain). —Rūpa- dhara, as, ā, am, having the form or shape of, being of the colour of (at the end of a comp., e. g. go-rūpa-dhara, cow-shaped; cf. kāma-r° ); ( as ), m., N. of a king. —Rūpa-dhātu, us, m. the element of form, original seat or region of form (with Bud- dhists; the other two elements being kāma-dh°, q. v., and arūpa-dh°, ‘the element of formlessness’). —Rūpadhāri-tva, am, n. the power of assuming any form or shape. —Rūpa-dhārin, ī, iṇī, i, bear- ing a form, assuming a shape; endowed with a good figure, possessed of beauty. —Rūpa-dhṛk or rūpa- dhṛt, t, t, t (see dhṛk, p. 459), having the form or shape of, resembling (at the end of a comp., e. g. kapi-rūpa-dhṛt, monkey-shaped; cf. vivi- dha-r° ). —Rūpa-dheya, am, n., Ved. form, external appearance; [cf. nāma-dheya. ] —Rūpa-nayana, as, m., N. of a commentator. —Rūpa-nārāyaṇa, as, m., N. of an author. —Rūpa-nāśana, as, m. ‘form-destroying,’ an owl. —Rūpa-pa, ās, m. pl., N. of a people. —Rūpa-pati, is, m., Ved. ‘lord of forms,’ epithet of Tvaṣṭṛ. —Rūpa-pura, am, n., N. of a town. —Rūpa-bhāgānubandha (°ga-an°), as, m. the addition of a fraction to a unit. —Rūpa- bhāgāpavāha (°ga-ap°), as, m. the deduction of a fraction from a unit. —Rūpa-bhṛt, t, t, t, having form or beauty. —Rūpa-bheda, as, m. diversity of form, variety of manifestations; ( am ), n., N. of a Tantra work. —Rūpa-mañjarī, f., N. of a woman; of a work on medicine. —Rūpa-mātra, am, n. only beauty. —Rūpa-mālā, f., N. of a grammatical work; ( ī ), ? f., N. of a metre, four times — -. —Rūpa-yauvana-vat, ān, atī, at, possessing beauty and youth. —Rūpa-ratnākara (°na-āk°), as, m., N. of a work. —Rūpa-latā, f., N. of a princess. —Rūpa-lāvaṇya, am, n. beauty of form, elegance, loveliness. —Rūpa-vat, ān, atī, at, having form or colour, possessing shape or figure, possessed of body, formed, embodied, bodily, corporeal; having a beauti- ful form or figure, handsomely formed, handsome, beautiful, lovely, graceful; having the form or ap- pearance of (at the end of comps.); ( atī ), f. a handsome or beautiful woman; N. of various women; of a river. —Rūpa-vāhika, ās, m. pl., N. of a people, (also read rūpa-vāsika. ) —Rūpa-viparyaya, as, m. a morbid change of bodily form. —Rūpa-vibhā- Page0852-b+ 81 ga, as, m. the portioning of an integer number. —Rūpa-śas, ind., Ved. in various forms, according to different formations. —Rūpa-śālin, ī, inī, i, pos- sessing form or figure, possessed of beauty, hand- some, beautiful. —Rūpa-śikhā, f., N. of a daughter of the Rākṣasa Agni-śikha. —Rūpa-samṛddha, as, ā, am, Ved. perfect in form; perfectly beautiful. —Rūpa-samṛddhi, is, f. perfection of form, a suitable form. —Rūpa-sampatti, is, or rūpa-sam- pad, t, f. perfection or excellence of form, beauty, handsomeness, elegance. —Rūpa-siddhi, is, m. a proper N. —Rūpa-sena, as, m., N. of a Vidyā- dhara; of a king. —Rūpa-stha, as, ā, am, ‘being in form,’ having form or figure. —Rūpa-hāni, is, f. loss of form, (in the Nyāya one of the seven pre- ventives of classification.) —Rūpājīva (°pa-āj°), as, ā, am, making a living by beauty of form, living by prostitution; ( ā ), f. a harlot, prostitute. —Rū- pādhibodha (°pa-adh°), as, m. the perception of form or of any visible object (by the senses). —Rūpā- vacara (°pa-av°), ās, m. pl., N. of a class of gods (with Buddhists); [cf. kāmāvacara. ] —Rūpāvalī (°pa-āv°), f. a string of inflections, series of varia- tions of form through declension and conjugation, &c. —Rūpāśraya (°pa-āś°), as, m. a reposi- tory or receptacle of beauty, an exceedingly hand- some person. —Rūpāstra (°pa-as°), as, m. ‘having beauty for a weapon,’ Kāma-deva, the god of love. —Rūpendriya (°pa-in°), am, n. the organ of form, the organ which perceives form and colour, the eye. —Rūpeśvara (°pa-īś°), as, m., N. of a particular god; ( ī ), f., N. of a goddess. —Rūpopajīvana (°pa- up°), am, n. the gaining a livelihood by a handsome figure. —Rūpopajīvin (°pa-up°), ī, inī, i, gaining a livelihood by means of a handsome form. [ ID=39746 ]

### Numerical or Mathematical Concept (4 definitions)
- a single specimen or exemplar  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a single specimen or exemplar (and therefore a term for the number ‘one’), VarBṛS.; Gaṇit. [ ID=179071 ]
- the arithmetical unit  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in alg. ) the arithmetical unit [ ID=179074 ]
- integer numbers  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( pl. ) integer number [ ID=179075 ]
- a known quantity or absolute number  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > known or absolute number, a known quantity as having specific form (and expressed by रू (rū) i.e. first syllable of रू (rū) प (rūpa) ), Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 182 [ ID=179076 ]

### Proper Noun (Name) (4 definitions)
- name of a people  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > ( pl. ) N. of a people, MBh. [ ID=179086 ]
- Name of a place  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > रूप (rūpa) m. or n. N. of a place ( v.l. रूम (rūma) ), Cat. [ ID=179087 ]
- the name of a river  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2B) [Printed book page 886,1] रूपा (rūpā) ( आ (ā) ), f. N. of a river, VP. [ ID=179088 ]
- form  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 599-2 ] Rūpa (“form,” personif.). § 270 (Brahmasabhāv.): II, 11, 438 (in the palace of Brahmán). [ ID=9127 ]

### Animals (Cattle or Beast) (2 definitions)
- cattle  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (only L. ) cattle [ ID=179081 ]
- a beast  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a beast [ ID=179082 ]

### Kind, Sort, or Manner (2 definitions)
- sort, kind  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > sort, kind, R.; Suśr. [ ID=179068 ]
- Mode, manner, way  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > mode, manner, way, Kap. [ ID=179069 ]

### Specific Philosophical/Doctrinal Meaning (2 definitions)
- the quality of colour  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in phil. ) the quality of colour (one of the 17 or 24 Guṇas of the Vaiśeṣikas), Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 68 [ ID=179078 ]
- material form, specifically the organized body as a constituent element in Buddhism  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (with Buddhists) material form i.e. the organized body (as one of the 5 constituent elements or Skandhas), Dharmasaṃgraha (Title) 22; Monier-Williams’ Buddhism in its connexion with Brāhmaṇism and Hindūism: and in its contrast with Christianity (Title) 109 [ ID=179079 ]

### Beauty or Handsome Form (1 definition)
- A handsome form, loveliness, grace, beauty, or splendour.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > handsome form, loveliness, grace, beauty, splendour, RV. &c. &c. [ ID=179064 ]

### Circumstances (1 definition)
- circumstances  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > circumstances ( opp. to ‘time’ and ‘place’), Manu-smṛti (Title) viii, 45 [ ID=179067 ]

### Coin or Currency (1 definition)
- a particular coin, probably a rupee  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a partic. coin ( prob. a rupee), VarBṛS. [ ID=179072 ]

### Drama or Play (1 definition)
- A show, play, or drama.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a show, play, drama, Daśar. [ ID=179073 ]

### Familiarization by Recitation/Rote Learning (1 definition)
- rereading a book  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > rereading a book (= ग्रन्था (granthā) वृत्ति (vṛtti) ) [ ID=179084 ]

### Grammatical Form (1 definition)
- any inflected form of a noun or verb  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in gram. ) any form of a noun or verb (as inflected by declension or conjugation), Pāṇini (Author) i, 1, 68 &c. [ ID=179077 ]

### Likeness, Image, or Representation (1 definition)
- 1. likeness 2. image 3. reflection  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > likeness, image, reflection, Mn.; Kathās. [ ID=179066 ]

### Meaning of the Verb Root 'rūp' (1 definition)
- To form, represent shape, or express form to the eye or understanding  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > रूप (rūpa) [Printed book page 709 ] रूप (rūpa) r. 10th cl. ( रूप (rūpa) यति (rūpayati) ) To form, to express form, to represent shape either to the eye or the understanding. With नि (ni) prefixed, 1 To discuss, to investigate. 2 To explain, to describe, to declare, to expound. [ ID=32466 ]

### Nature, Characteristic, or Sign (1 definition)
- nature, character, feature, or sign  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > nature, character, peculiarity, feature, mark, sign, symptom, VS. &c. &c. [ ID=179065 ]

### Sound, Word, or Verse (1 definition)
- a sound or word  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a sound, word [ ID=179083 ]

### Specific Dramaturgical Term (1 definition)
- a reflection or remark made under particular circumstances when the action is at its height  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in dram. ) a reflection or remark made under partic. circumstances when the action is at its height ( गर्भे (garbhe) ), Bhar.; Daśar. &c. [ ID=179080 ]

### Word of Unknown Meaning (1 definition)
- a word of unknown meaning  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > रूप (rūpa) m. a word of unknown meaning, Atharva-veda (Title) xviii, 3, 40 [ ID=179085 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546