# शल्य (śalya)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/shalya

शल्य (śalya) is a Sanskrit word meaning a dart, javelin, lance, spear, or arrow, a fault or defect, a porcupine, a kind of fish, a fence or boundary, Vangueria Spinosa. Its 33 recorded definitions are grouped into 13 contexts, among them Sharp or Pointed Object (Weapon, Thorn, Stake, etc.), Other Proper Names (Śalya), King Śalya of Madra.

- **Etymology:** E. शल to go, aff. यत् or य Uṇādi aff — E. śala to go, aff. yat or ya Uṇādi aff
- **SLP1:** `Salya`  **IAST:** śalya  **Devanagari:** शल्य
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shalya
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/shalya/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** शल्या (śalyā)

## Meanings by context

### Sharp or Pointed Object (Weapon, Thorn, Stake, etc.) (10 definitions)
- a dart, javelin, lance, spear, or arrow  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 1059,1] शल्य (śalya) a m. n. ( ifc. f( आ (ā) ). ) a dart, javelin, lance, spear, iron-headed weapon ( cf. उप - श् (upa-ś) ° (°) ), pike, arrow, shaft (also the point of an arrow or spear and its socket), Ṛg-veda (Title) &c. &c. [ ID=214123 ]
- 1. The point of an arrow or spear. 2. A thorn, sting, or dart.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 309-3 ] शल्य (śalya) śal-yá, m. n. point of an arrow or spear; thorn, sting, dart ( fig. ); m. N. of a king of Madra, uncle of Yudhiṣṭhira; N. of a king; n. incorr. for śaitya. [ ID=17639 ]
- 1. A dart, javelin, or arrow. 2. A bamboo rod, stake, or thorn. 3. An iron crowbar. 4. Sin or crime. 5. Difficulty, embarrassment, or distress. 6. An extraneous substance lodged in the body. 7. Abuse or defamation. 8. Poison. 9. A thorny shrub. 10. A porcupine or hedgehog. 11. A peg or pin. 12. A boundary. 13. A king, the maternal uncle of Yudhishthira.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल (śala) ्य (ya) (śalya) [Printed book page 834 ] शल (śala) ्य (ya) (śalya) mn. ( - ल्य (ya) ः (-lyaḥ)- ल्य (ya) ं (-lyaṃ) (-lyaḥ-lyaṃ) ) A dart, a javelin. n. ( - ल्य (ya) ं (-lyaṃ) ) 1 A bambu rod or stake. 2 Any stake or thorn. 3 An arrow. 4 An iron crow. 5 Sin, crime. 6 Difficulty, embarrassment, distress. 7 An arrow, a thorn, or other extraneous substance which has lodged in the body. 8 Abuse, defamation. 9 Poison. m. ( - ल्य (ya) ः (-lyaḥ) ) 1 A thorny shrub, ( Vangueria spinosa.) 2 A porcupine. 3 A hedgehog. 4 A peg, a pin, &c. 5 A boundary. 6 A king, the maternal uncle of YUDHIṢṬHIRA. E. शल (śala) to go, aff. य (ya) त् (yat) or य (ya) Uṇādi aff. [ ID=37880 ]
- 1. A thorny shrub, porcupine, boundary, peg, or a king. 2. A bamboo rod, stake, thorn, arrow, iron crow, abuse, sin, distress, or poison. 3. A dart, javelin, or spike.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 752-a ] शल्य (śalya) ( ल्यः - ल्यं ) ((lyaḥ-lyaṃ)) 1. m. A thorny shrub; a porcupine; a boundary; peg or pin; name of a king. n. Bambu rod; stake; thorn; arrow; iron crow; abuse; sin; distress; poison. m. n. Dart, javelin. [ ID=37518 ]
- 1. A javelin or spear. 2. An arrow or shaft. 3. A splinter or thorn. 4. A pin or peg.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 711-33 ] शल्य (śalya) (I) m.n. 1. A javelin, a spear; 2. an arrow, a shaft; 3. a splinter, a thorn; 4. a pin, a peg. [ ID=37275 ]
- 1. A dart, javelin, or arrow. 2. A bamboo rod, stake, or thorn. 3. An iron crowbar. 4. Sin or crime. 5. Difficulty, embarrassment, or distress. 6. Any foreign substance lodged in the body, or figuratively, heartrending sorrow. 7. Abuse or defamation. 8. Poison. 9. A bone. 10. A thorny shrub. 11. A porcupine or hedgehog. 12. A peg or pin. 13. A boundary. 14. The extraction of splinters. 15. A king who was the maternal uncle of Yudhishthira.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल् (śal) य (ya) (śalya) [Printed book page 710-b ] शल् (śal) य (ya) (śalya) mn. ( - ल्य (ya) ः (-lyaḥ)- ल्य (ya) ं (-lyaṃ) (-lyaḥ-lyaṃ) ) A dart, a javelin. n. ( - ल्य (ya) ं (-lyaṃ) ) 1. A bamboo rod or stake. 2. Any stake or thorn. 3. An arrow. 4. An iron crow. 5. Sin, crime. 6. Difficulty, embarrassment, distress. 7. An arrow, a thorn, or other extraneous substance which has lodged in the body, a dart, (lit.); but (fig.) any tormenting and heartrending sorrow. 8. Abuse, defamation. 9. Poison. 10. A bone. m. ( - ल्य (ya) ः (-lyaḥ) ) 1. A thorny shrub, (Vangueria spinosa.) 2. A porcupine. 3. A hedgehog. 4. A peg, a pin, &c. 5. A boundary. 6. Extraction of splinters, (in surgery.) 7. A king, the maternal uncle of YUDHISṬHIRA. E. शल् (śal) to go, aff. य (ya) त् (yat) or य (ya) Unādi aff. [ ID=39691 ]
- 1. A dart, javelin, or arrow. 2. A peg or pin. 3. A porcupine. 4. A thorny shrub. 5. A boundary. 6. The name of a king. 7. A stake or thorn. 8. An iron crowbar. 9. Any extraneous substance lodged in the body. 10. Difficulty. 11. Poison. 12. Sin. 13. Abuse.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 0937-b ] शल्य (śalya) śalya, i. e. śala + ya, I. m. and n. 1. A dart, a javelin. 2. An arrow, Utt. Rāmac. 46, 14; Chr. 30, 1 ( m. ). II. m. 1. A peg, a pin. 2. A porcu- pine. 3. A thorny shrub, Vangueria spinosa. 4. A boundary. 5. The name of a king, Johns. Sel. 50, 98. III. n. 1. Any stake or thorn, Bhartṛ. 2, 97. 2. An iron crow. 3. Any ex- traneous substance which has lodged in the body, as an arrow or thorn. 4. Page0938-a+ 42 Difficulty. 5. Poison. 6. Sin. 7. Abuse. — Comp. Nis-, adj. free from an arrow, MBh. 6, 3375. °yam, adv. free from pain or care, Daśak. in Chr. 194, 23. Vi-, adj. 1. free from thorns or spikes, Rām. 6, 71, 24. 2. free from pain or care. Sa-, adj. 1. pierced by a thorn or dart. 2. pierced, Vikr. d. 29. 3. troublesome, difficult. — Cf. κῆλα, pl. [ ID=14531 ]
- 1. The point of a spear or arrow, thorn, or sting. 2. A blemish, fault, or obstacle.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 541 ] शल्य (śalya) m. n. the point of a spear or an arrow, i.g. thorn, sting ( lit. & fig. ); blemish, fault, obstacle; m. also = seq. [ ID=32056 ]
- 1. Point of a spear or arrow. 2. Thorn or prickle.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 257-a ] śalyá, m. n. point of spear or arrow; thorn; prickle. [ cf. śalá, śará: cf. κῆλον, ‘missile.’] [ ID=4147 ]
- 1. A dart, javelin, spear, pike, arrow, or shaft. 2. A stake, rod, spike, splinter, thorn, pin, or peg. 3. A porcupine or hedgehog. 4. The extraction of splinters or foreign substances in surgery. 5. The thorny shrub Vangueria Spinosa or the tree Vilva. 6. A fence or boundary. 7. A kind of fish. 8. King of Madra and maternal uncle of the Pandavas. 9. An iron crowbar. 10. Any foreign substance lodged in the body. 11. A bone. 12. Sin or crime. 13. Poison. 14. Difficulty, embarrassment, or distress. 15. Abuse or defamation.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 0996-a ] Śalya, as, am, m. n. a dart, javelin, spear tipped with iron, ( upa-śalya, a short spear); a pike; an arrow, shaft; any stake or rod, spike, splinter, thorn, (in these senses usually am, n.); a pin, peg; ( as ), m. a porcupine, hedgehog; extraction of splinters or extraneous substances in surgery (as a branch of medicine or Āyur-veda, q. v.); the thorny shrub, Vangueria Spinosa ( = madana ); another tree ( = vilva ); a fence, boundary; a kind of fish; N. of the king of Madra (maternal uncle of the sons of Pāṇḍu and especially of Nakula and Sahadeva, Madrī the wife of Pāṇḍu being sister to Śalya); ( am ), n., N. of a son of Vipracitti; ( am ), n. an iron crow- bar; any extraneous substance lodged in the body (as an arrow, thorn, splinter); a bone; sin, crime; poison; difficulty, embarrassment, distress; abuse, defamation; [cf. Gr. κῆλα; Hib. cail, ‘a spear.’] —Śalya-kaṇṭha, as, m. ‘quill-throated,’ a porcu- pine. —Śalya-kriyā, f. the extraction of thorns or other extraneous substances lodged in the body. —Śalya-tantra, am, n., N. of a section of the Aṣṭāṅga-hṛdaya-saṃhitā (comprising chapters 25 — 34 of the Uttara-tantra or sixth book, and treating of the cure of external wounds). —Śalya-parvan, a, n., N. of the ninth book of the Mahā-bhārata, (this book describes how, on the death of Karṇa, Śalya, king of Madra, was appointed to the command of the Kuru army, and how a combat with maces took place between Śalya and Bhīma, and another great battle between Śalya and Yudhi-ṣṭhira, in which the former was eventually killed.) —Śalya- prota, as, ā, am, pierced or transfixed by an arrow. —Śalya-loman, a, n. a porcupine's quill. —Śalya- vat, ān, atī, at, possessing an arrow, owning shafts; shooting arrows, one who has shot an arrow; set with stakes, hampered or harassed with difficulties. —Śalya-vāraṅga, am, n. ‘arrow-handle,’ the part by which an arrow or other foreign substance lodged in the body is laid hold of during the operation of extraction. —Śalya-śāstra, am, n. ‘splinter-(extrac- tion)-science,’ that part of surgery which treats of the removal of extraneous substances lodged in the body; [cf. āyur-veda. ] —Śalya-hartṛ, tā, m. a remover of thorns, weeder. —Śalyāri (°ya-ari), is, m. ‘enemy of Śalya,’ an epithet of Yudhi-ṣṭhira. —Śalyāharaṇa-vidhi (°ya-āh°), is, m. ‘method of extracting splinters or other foreign substances,’ N. of the twenty-eighth chapter of the Sūtra-sthāna or first book of the Aṣṭāṅga-hṛdaya-saṃhita. —Śa- lyoddhāra (°ya-ud°), as, m. extraction of arrows or thorns or other pointed substances from the body; weeding; the ceremony of cleansing or purifying a new house. [ ID=46259 ]

### Other Proper Names (Śalya) (4 definitions)
- Name of an Asura  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of an Asura, Harivaṃśa (Title); Viṣṇu-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=214131 ]
- of another king  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of another king, Rājataraṃgiṇī (Title) [ ID=214133 ]
- a son of Vipracitti  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Śalya (II) — a son of Vipracitti. Vi. I. 21. 11. [ ID=14208 ]
- a son of Somadatta  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Śalya (III) — a son of Somadatta. Vi. IV. 20. 32. [ ID=14209 ]

### King Śalya of Madra (3 definitions)
- pertaining to Shalya, a king of Madra  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a king of Madra (maternal uncle of the sons of Pāṇḍu and esp. of Nakula and Saha-deva, Madrī the wife of Pāṇḍu being sister to Śalya), Mahābhārata (Title); Harivaṃśa (Title) &c. [ ID=214132 ]
- king of the Madras, brother of Madri, and father of Rukmaratha  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 188-1 ] Śalya, king of the Madras, brother of Mādrī, the wife of Pāṇḍu, and father of Rukmaratha. § 9 (Parvasaṅgr.): I, 2, 301 ( arddhadivasaṃ, sc. rarakṣa Kuru-vāhinīm, i.e. on the first half of the eighteenth day of the battle).—§ 11 (do.): I, 2, 389, 498, 543, 552.—§ 130 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 67, 2642 ( Bāhlīkapuṅgavaḥ, incarnation of the Asura Saṃhrāda). —§ 174 (Pāṇḍudigvijaya): I, 113, 4437, 4438, 4440 (having accepted precious gifts from Bhīṣma, Ś. gave his sister Mādrī in marriage to Pāṇḍu).—§ 232 (Svayaṃvarap.): I, 186, 6993 ( Madrarājaḥ…sahaputraḥ | Rukmāṅgadena vīrena tathā Rukmarathena ca ).—§ 233 (do.): I, 187, †7019, 7032 ( Madrarājaḥ ); 188, 7037, 7051; 190, 7092 ( Madrānām īśvaraḥ ), 7107, 7111, 7112, 7113, 7117 (at the svayaṃvara of Draupadī, Ś. with the other kings present fought with the Pāṇḍavas, who disguised as brahmans had won Draupadī).— § 285 (Nakula): II, 32, 1197 (coming to Śākala, the city of the Madras, Nakula made his uncle Ś. accept the sway of Yudhiṣṭhira).—§ 287 (Rājasūyikap.): II, 34, 1266 (came to the rājasūya of Yudhiṣṭhira).—§ 289 (Arghā- haraṇap.): II, 37, 1351 ( Madrādhipe, among the kings, named by Śiśupāla, as passed over by Bhīṣma in bestowing the arghā).—§ 290 (Śiśupālavadhap.): II, 44, 1540 (do.).— § 296 (Dyūtap.): II, 53, 1916 (among the kings who waited upon Yudhiṣṭhira at the rājasūya).—§ 298 (do.): II, 58, 2015 (present at the game).—§ 554 (Sainyodyogap.): V, 4 γ, 71 (among the kings to whom the Pāṇḍavas ought to send messengers).—§ 555 (do.): V, 8, 172, 187, 190, (191), (194), 194, 195, 196, 197, 199, (217) (Śalya was coming with one akṣauhiṇī of troops to the Pāṇḍavas, but having been honoured by Duryodhana he promised to become the Page188-b+ 63 leader of Duryodhana's army; to Yudhiṣṭhira Ś. promised to dispirit Karṇa, when he became Karṇa's charioteer).— § 555 (Indravijaya): V, 9, (228) (Ś. related to Yudhiṣṭhira the history of Indra's victory (Indravijaya)), (243), (266); 10, (295), (304), (318); 11, (342); 12, (368), (377), (391), (394); 13, (401); 14, (428); 15, (446), (461), (468); 16, (493), (†511), (518); 17, (520), (525), (540); 18, (544).— § 555 (Sainyodyogap.): V, 18, 565, 566, (568), 569 ( Madrādhipaḥ ); 19 δ, 585 (joined Duryodhana with one akṣauhiṇī of troops).—§ 556 (Sañjayayānap.): V, 25 θ, †733; 27, †791.—§ 561 (Yānasandhip.): V, 47 α, 1796; 55 λ, 2186, (ν), 2206 (enumeration of the chief warriors of Duryodhana); 57 ρ, 2281; 60 χ, 2375 ( Madrarājaḥ ); 61 ω, 2409.—§ 570 (Sainyaniryānap.): V, 155 θ, 5274 (commanded one akṣauhiṇī of troops).—§ 571 (Ulūkadūtāgamanap.): V, 160, 5502. 5529 ( Karṇa-Ś°jhasāvarttaṃ, sc. puruṣodadhiṃ, i.e. the army of Duryodhana), 5531 ( Śala-Śalyamatsyaṃ, do.); 161, 5547 (= 5529); 164 ε, 5707 (Dhṛṣṭaketu is pitted against Ś.).—§ 572 (Rathātirathasaṅkh.): V, 165, 5739 ( Madrarājaḥ, is an atiratha), 5740 ( bhāgineyān nijāṃs tyaktvā ).—§ 573 (Ambopākhyānap.): V, 195 ζ, 7612.—§ 576 (Bhagavadgītāp.): VI, 16 α, 622; 17 γ, 657, 662.—§ 577 (Bhīṣmavadhap.): VI, 43 β, 1549, 1605, (1607), (1613), 1614, (1615) (Ś. promises to Yudhiṣṭhira to weaken the energy of Karṇa).—§ 578 (do.): VI, [ 45 7 (Ś. (Madrarājan, Madrapati, v. 1697, Madreśvara, v. 1699) battles with Yudhiṣṭhira)]; 47 γ 25, 1809, 26 1817, 1826, 28 1843 (battles with Uttara), 30 1862, 1863; 48, 1868, (θ), 34 1925, (ι), 35 1957, (λ), 36 1963; 49, 37 2010, 2013 (attacked by Śaṅkha), 40 2019; 50 ο, 2070; 51 ρ, 2092, (ϕ), 2107.—§ 579 (do.): VI, 52 1 β, 2134; 55 15 κ, 2360, 2362, (λ) 16, 2364, (μ), 2365. —§ 580 (do.): VI, 56 1 β, 2406; 59 ν, †2621, (ρ), †2648.— § 581 (do.): VI, 60 β, †2672; 61 2 γ, 2680, 2687, 2689, 2690, (ε), 4 2715; 62 4, 2723, 2724, 2726, 2745 ( svasrīyau — i.e. Nakula and Sahadeva—… ānarcchat ); 64, 13 2836 (pierced by Bhīmasena); 65 ν, 2928.—§ 582 (do.): VI, 69 β, 3080; 71 δ, 3139 ( Madrāṇām ṛṣabheṇa, fought with Yudhiṣṭhira).—§ 583 (do.): VI, 75 θ, 3304.—§ 584 (do.): VI, 81 α, 3533, [3556 ( Madrarājānaṃ, attacked by Nakula and Sahadeva)]; [ 83 (Madreśvara, v. 3681, 3693, Madrarāja, v. 3687, 3689, 3690, battled with Nakula and Sahadeva)]; 85 ε, †3768, †3777 (fought with Śikhandin); 86 ζ, 3838.— § 585 (do.): VI, 92 χ, 4118, 4138; 94 ω, 4194; 95 γγ, 4244; 97 κκ, 4407; 98 νν, 4489.—§ 586 (do.): VI, 99 β, 4503 (in the right wing of Bhīṣma's sarvatobhadravyūha); 102 ι, 4666; 103 ξ, 4724; 105, 4794, 4795 (attacked Yudhiṣṭhira); 113 ι, 5239, 5242, 5247, 5262, 5263, 5272, 5278 (battled with Bhīmasena); 114 κ, 5291, 5296, 5313; [ 116 (Madrarājan, v. 5415, Madreśvara, v. 5416, battled with Yudhiṣṭhira)]; 117 σ, 5496, 5497; 118 τ, 5519; 119 ψ, 5583.—§ 590 (Droṇābhiṣekap.): VII, 14, 525 (fought with Nakula— svasrīyaṃ ), 572, 575, 576 (fought with Abhimanyu); 15, 585, 587, 588, 595, 596 ( °Vṛkodarau ), 598, 611 (battles with Bhīmasena).—§ 592 (Saṃśaptakavadhap.): VII, 20 δ, 800 (in the right wing of Droṇa's garuḍvyūha); [ 25 (Madrarāj, v. 1079, Madreśa, v. 1080, battled with Yudhi- ṣṭhira)]; 32 ω, 1410.—§ 593 (Abhimanyuvadhap.): VII, 34 γ, 1504; 37 κ, 1609, 1617, 1619 (vanquished by Abhimanyu); 38, 1625 ( Madreśaṃ; Ś°ād avarajaḥ, i.e. the younger brother of Ś., attacked Abhimanyu, when Ś. had been vanquished, but was slain); 39 μ, 1650; 45, 1816 ( Rukmarathaṃ putraṃ Śalyasya, is slain); 48, 1897.—§ 596 (Pratijñāp.): VII, 74, [α, 2619 (Madreśaḥ)], (β), 2627; Page189-a+ 63 [ 75 γ, 2673 (Madreśaḥ)].—§ 598 (Jayadrathavadhap.): VII, 85 β, 3036, (γ), 3042; 87 θ, 3098.—§ 599 (Jayadratha- vadhap.): VII, 95, 3529 ( Madrāṇām īśvaraḥ ), (η), 3540; [ 96, 3570 (Madrarājānaṃ)]; 104, 3915, 3916, 3921 (battles with Arjuna); 105 ν, 3943 ( Madrarājasya; (b ): On Ś.'s standard-top was a plough-furrow ( sītāṃ ) of gold looking like the presiding goddess of corn ( Sītā ) producing every seed), 3949 ( °sya, error in C. for Śalasya (so B.)); [ 119 ββ, 4720 (Madreśvaraḥ)]; 145, [ννν, 6074 (Madrarājena), 6077 (Madreśena)], 6109, [6139 (Madrarājaḥ), 6142 (Madra- rājaṃ)]; 146, 6206, 6247, 6251 (fought with Arjuna); 147 σσσ, 6363 ( Madrādhipaḥ ); 149 ωωω, 6488; 151 1 γ, 6550. —§ 600 (Ghaṭotkacavadhap.): VII, 156 κ, 6851; [ 158 ψ, 7030 (Madrarāja)]; 159 ββ, 7087; 160 γγ, 7146; 163, †7290; 164, 7338; [ 165, 7369 (Madrarāja)]; 167, 7497, 7498 (slaughtered the division of Virāṭa); 170 λλ, 7624.— [§ 602 (Droṇavadhap.): VII, 187 ι, 8545 (Madrarāja).]— § 603 (Nārāyaṇāstram.): VII, 193 α, 8903 ( Madrāṇām īśvaraḥ ); [ 198 ρ, 9167 (Madrarāja)].—§ 604 (Karṇap.): VIII, 2 γ, 45; 7, †199 ( tejovadhaṃ Sūtaputrasya pratiśrutyā- jataśatroḥ purastāt…Ś°ḥ, cf. VI, 1614); 9, 330 ( Madrarājaḥ ), 334.—§ 605 (do.): VIII, 11 τ, 418 ( senayā sārddhaṃ Madradeśa samutthayā ); 13, 496 (attacked by Śrutakīrti); 31, 1308, 1309 (Karṇa wants Ś. as his charioteer), 1311, 1312. 1314 (has no equal in knowledge of horses— hayajñāna ); 32 σσ, 1340, 1348 ( Karṇa-Ś°au ), 1354, 1355, (1356), 1376, (υυ), 1378, 1381 (etymology of his name: śalyabhūtas tu śatrūṇām yasmāt tvaṃ yudhi mānada | tasmāc Chalyo hi te nāma kathycte pṛthivītale ), 1384, (ϕϕ), (1387).— § 606 (Karṇap.): VIII, 34, 1578, 1583, 1616 (Duryodhana relates to Ś. the Tripurākhyāna and the history of Paraśu- Rāma); 35, (1625), 1643 ( tvam śalyabhūtaḥ śatrūṇām aviṣahyaḥ parākrame | tatas tvam ucyase rājan Ś°a ity arisūdana ), (1648) (agrees to become Karṇa's charioteer), 1652, 1654, 1656, 1657, 1661 ( Madrādhipaḥ ), (1662), (1666).—§ 607 (do.): VIII, 36, 1671, 1675, 1680, 1683, 1693, 1694, 1695, (1697); 37, †1716, †1727, †1730, †1734, (†1739), 1749, 1750 ( śvetāśvaḥ Śalyasārathiḥ, i.e. Karṇa); [ 38, 1779 (Madra- rāja)]; 39, (1781), 1793 (being the charioteer of Karṇa, Ś. praises Arjuna in order to make Karṇa cheerless); 40, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1825, 1828, 1836 (Karṇa describes the bad practices of the Madrakas, etc.), 1868; 41, 1873, (1930); 42, †1962, †1963, †1965, †1968, †1971, †1972, †1987, 1999, 2002, 2006; 43, 2015, 2020, 2021, 2022 ( °sahasreṇa ); 44, (2024), 2053; 45, 2071, 2080, †2087 (Karṇa describes the bad practices of the Madras, etc.), 2092, 2108, (2112), 2119, 2120.—§ 608 (do.): VIII, 46, 2162, 2197, (2198); 49, 2330, 2353; 50, 2395 ( Madrakādhipaḥ ), 2396, (2405), 2409, 2418, 2420, 2422; [ 51, 2460 (Madrarāja)]; [ 57, 2840 (Madrarāja)]; 63, 3195, 3204, 3205; [ 64, 3257 (Madrarāja)]; 73, [3647 (Madrarājan)], 3694 ( Madrajanādhipaṃ ), 3728; 78, 3947, 3949 ( Madra- rājaḥ ), 3950; 79 ζʹ, 4014, 4043, (†4047), †4058, †4062, †4067; 84, 4268, 4277; 86, 4349 ( śvetāśvaḥ Śalyasārathiḥ, i.e. Karṇa); 87, 4387 ( Kṛṣṇa-Ś°rathopetau, sc. Karṇa and Arjuna), 4462, 4471, 4472, 4473, 4474, (4475), 4478, 4480; 89, †4586, †4608; 90, †4649; 92, †4818 (wanting in B.), †4819; 94, [†4895 (Madrapati)], †4896, †4917; 95 αυ, 4967, 4974.—§ 609 (Śalyap.): IX, 1, 8 ( °ṃ senāpatiṃ kṛtva, all. to § 610), 10, 26 ( Madrādhipo hataḥ ); 2 ζ, 72, 104.—§ 610 (do.): IX, 6 ξ, 293, 296, (π), 310, 313, 314, (318) (Ś. is elected commander ( senāpati ) of Duryodhana's army); 7, 329, 341 (his investiture), (υ), 345 ( Madrarājaḥ ), 355, 360.— Page189-b+ 61 § 611 (do.): IX, 8, 372 ( Madrarājaṃ ), (α), 373, 380, 381, 384, (ζ), 396, 397; 9, 452; 10, 464, 465; 11, 538, 548, 552, 553, 554, 556, 559, 560, 562, 564, 571 (Sahadeva slew the son of Ś.), 576, 586, 587, 590; 12, 593, 602, 605, 609, 617 ( Madrāṇāṃ vṛṣabhaṃ ), 639, 645, 651, 654; 13, 657, 659 ( °ṃ śalyabhūtaṃ parākrame ), 663, 668, 672, 677, 679, 684, 686, 688, 696, 704; 15, 761, 763, 767 ( pīḍitas tena svasrīyena, i.e. by Nakula), 772, 782, 795; 16, 802, 804, 805, 808, 813, 816, 821, 827, 848, 849, 851, 855, 856, 857; 17, †883, †885, †886, †892, †900, †901, †912, 924 (is slain by Yudhiṣṭhira on the eighteenth day of the battle, when Ś. had commanded the army of Duryodhana half-a- day), †953; 18, 955 ( nihate ), 959; 19, 1000 ( hate ), 1002 (do.), 1005 (do.); 24, 1298 (do.); 27, 1457 ( Madrarājo hataḥ ).—§ 613 (Gadāyuddhap.): IX, 32 β, 1837 ( Madra- rājasya ); 33 ι, 1934 ( hataḥ ).—§ 615 (Baladevatīrthāy.): IX, 52, 3004 ( hataṃ ), 3005 ( nihataṃ ); 54, 3065 ( hate ).—§ 615 (Gadāyuddhap.): IX, 56, 3162 ( hataḥ ); 64 εε, 3589, 3612. —§ 618 (Jalapradānikap.): XI, 1 γ, 29.—§ 619 (Strīvilāpap.): XI, 16 α, 447; 23, 635 ( Nakulamātulaḥ, bewailed as killed), 638, 640 ( Madrarājaṃ ), 642, 643.—§ 620 (Śrāddhap.): XI, 26 β, 786 (his body is burnt).—§ 621 (Rājadharm.): XII, 5 ζ, 140.—§ 785 (Anugītāp.): XIV, 60 α, 1775, 1797 ( hate ).—§ 789 (Putradarśanap.): XV, 32 θ, 877 (among the dead kings who arose from the Gaṅgā). Cf. also the following synonyms:— Ārt(t)āyani : VI, 2146, 2148, 2729; VII, 581, 584; VIII, †198, 1380 (etymology: ṛtam eva hi pūrvās te vadanti puruṣottamāḥ | tasmād Ā°iḥ prokto bhavān ); IX, 347, 561. Bālhīkapuṅgava, q.v. Madrādhipa (“king of the Madras”): II, 1351 ( Ś° ); V, 569, 2244; VI, 2012, †2623, 2729, 2730, 2732, †3764; VII, 592, 593, 607, 615, 6363 ( Ś° ), 7488, 7494; VIII, 1661 ( Ś° ), †1962 ( Ś° ), 2025, 2395 ( Ś° ), 2438, 3688, †4827; IX, 26 ( Ś° ), 598, 599, 687, 854, 861, †873, †876, †888, †889, †892, †902, †904. Madrādhipati (do.): I, 7117 ( Ś° ); VI, 1842, 2723; VIII, †4958; IX, 326, 518, †874, †880, †881, †899, †910. Madraja (“born among the Madras”): VII, 1602. Madrajanādhipa (“king of the Madras”): VIII, 2026, 3694 ( Ś° ); IX, †875. Madrajaneśvara (do.): VIII, 2410; IX, 359. Madraka : VIII, 2019. Madrakādhama (“lowest among the Madrakas”): VIII, 1868 (Karṇa scolds him). Madrakādhipa (“king of the Madrakas”): IX, 813. Madrakeśvara (do.): VI, 1616; VIII, 2006 ( Ś° ). Madrāṇām adhipa(ḥ) (“the king of the Madras”): VII, 613; VIII, 331 ( Sauvīraḥ ); IX, 332, 674, 782, 784. Madrāṇām īśvara(ḥ) (do.): I, 7092 ( Ś° ); VII, 3529 ( Ś° ), 8903 ( Ś° ); VIII, 2404, 2408. Madrāṇām ṛṣabha(ḥ) (“the bull of the Madras”): VI, 3138. Madrāṇāṃ vṛṣabha(ḥ) (do.): IX, 617 ( Ś° ). Madrapa (“king of the Madras”): I, 4432, 4436; VIII, †1747, 1866; IX, 618, †878. Madrapati (do.): I, 4426 ( °eḥ puraṃ ); VI, 1697; VIII, †1729, †1747, †4833, †4895; IX, 862, 864. Madrarāj (do.): VI, 1604; VII, 1079, 6062, 6096; VIII, †1738; IX, 570, 678, 916. Madrarāja (do.): I, †196, †205, 497, 542, 4429, 6993 Page190-a+ 62 ( Ś° ), 7367 ( Ś° ); V, 188, 198, 566, 2375 ( Ś° ), 5739 ( Ś° ); VI, 1849, 1864, 2014, 2728, 3687, 3689, 3690, 4792, 4796, 4798, 4800, 5265, 5363; VII, 589, 600, 606, 1589, 1660, 2673, 3894, 3918, 3943 ( Ś° ), 5353, 5541, 5629, 6074, 6139, 6142, 7030, 7055, 7369, 7484, 7486, 7491, 7493, 8545, 9167; VIII, 45 ( Ś° ), 330 ( Ś° ), 334 ( Ś° ), 1313, 1323, 1324, 1341, 1390, 1632, 1655, 1656, 1665, 1670, 1672, 1673, 1674, 1679, 1703, 1779, 1869, 2014, 2394, 2460, 2840, 3190, 3193, 3207, 3257, 3949 ( Ś° ), 4021, †4648, †4815; IX, 120, 121, 321, 342, 345 ( Ś° ), 349, 352, 354, 358, 372 ( Ś° ), 377, 385, 388, 391, 409, 451, 460, 463, 466, 512, 515, 539, 540, 541, 589, 590 ( Ś° ), 600 ( °Vṛkodarau ), 604, 608, 626, 643, 650, 656, 689, 690, 691, 697, 698, 700, 768, 773, 775, 776, 778, 780, 781, 785, 786, 794, 796, 800, 809, 810, 824, 826, 851, 852 ( °Yudhiṣṭhirau ), †898, †903, 942 ( hate ), 955 ( nihate ), 960, 969 ( °padānugān, will revenge his death), 978 (do.), 982 (do.), 983 (do.), 990 ( °ānugeṣu ), 993, 994 ( nipātitam ), 996 ( pātite ), 998, 1003 ( hate ), 1018 ( hataṃ ), 1023, 1207, 1457 ( hataḥ ), 1837 ( Ś° ), 3061 (among the fallen); XI, 636 ( nihataḥ śete ), 640, 641. Madrarājan (do.): VI, 1697, 3556, 5415; VII, 3570; VIII, 1651, 1872, 3647; IX, 685; XIV, 1796. Madrarājeśvarātmaja(?) : VIII, 1386. Madreśa (“king of the Madras”): VII, 1080, 1625, 2619, 6077; VIII, 1345, 1391, 1579, 1749, 2196, †4063; IX, 555, 556, 774, 823, 842, 848, †921 ( praśāntaṃ ); XIV, 1794. Madreśvara (do.): I, 551; VI, 1699, 3681, 3693, 5269, 5315, 5416; VII, 4720; VIII, 1325, 1327, 1331, 1379, 1793 ( Ś° ), 4354; IX, 356, 660, 683, 694, 772. Sauvīra, q.v. [ ID=2358 ]
- Appointed commander of the Kuru army after Karna's death  
  *The Purana Index*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 3-394 ] Śalya (I) — Appointed commander of the Kuru army after Karṇa's death, for half a day when Yudhiṣṭhira killed him. His army was defeated by Arjuna and Kṛṣṇa. Went to Syamantapañcaka for solar eclipse. Bhā. I. 15. 15; X. 78. [95 (V) 38]: 82. 25. [ ID=14207 ]

### Referential/Lexicographical Notes (3 definitions)
- See column 1.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 1059,3] शल्य (śalya) b &c. See col. 1. [ ID=214239 ]
- See col. 1  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > [Printed book page 0996-b ] शल्य (śalya) śalya, &c. See col. 1. [ ID=46279 ]
- See Ishu  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > शल्य (śalya) [Printed book page 2-366 ] Śalya. See Iṣu. [ ID=3203 ]

### Specific Animals (Porcupine, Hedgehog, Fish) (3 definitions)
- a porcupine  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > शल्य (śalya) m. a porcupine, Bhāgavata-purāṇa (Title) [ ID=214126 ]
- a kind of fish  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a kind of fish, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=214127 ]
- 1. A hedgehog. 2. A fence or boundary. 3. The surgical extraction of splinters. 4. The name of a king of Madra and maternal uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल्य (śalya) (II) m. 1. A hedgehog; 2. a fence, a boundary; 3. extraction of splinters (in surgery); 4. name of a king of Madra, a maternal uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva. [ ID=37276 ]

### Foreign/Painful Object in Body; Medical Context (2 definitions)
- anything that causes pain or an extraneous substance lodged in the body  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > anything tormenting or causing pain (as a thorn, sting &c.), or (in med. ) any extraneous substance lodged in the body and causing pain ( e.g. a splinter, pin, stone in the bladder &c. also applied to the fetus, and, as a branch of med°, to ‘the extraction of splinters or extraneous substances’), Mahābhārata (Title); Rāmāyaṇa (Title) &c., Suśruta (Title) [ ID=214124 ]
- 1. Any extraneous substance lodged in the body or a dart. 2. Tormenting and heart-rending sorrow. 3. A bone. 4. Sin.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शल्य (śalya) (III) n. 1. Any extraneous substance lodged in the body, a dart (lit.), शल्य (śalya) प्रोतं प्रेक्ष्य सकुंभं मुनिपुत्रम् (śalyaprotaṃ prekṣya sakuṃbhaṃ muniputram) R. ix.75; 2. any tormenting and heart-rending sorrow (fig.); 3. a bone; 5. sin. [ ID=37277 ]

### Specific Plants (Thorny Shrub, Tree) (2 definitions)
- Vangueria Spinosa  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > Vangueria Spinosa, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=214129 ]
- Aegle marmelos  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > Aegle Marmelos, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=214130 ]

### A Kind of Dance (Śalyā) (1 definition)
- a kind of dance  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2B) [Printed book page 1059,1] शल्या (śalyā) ( आ (ā) ), f. a kind of dance (mentioned together with लास्य (lāsya) and चलित (calita) ), Kāvyādarśa (Title) i, 39 ( v.l. साम्य (sāmya) ) [ ID=214134 ]

### Abuse or Defamation (1 definition)
- abuse or defamation  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > abuse, defamation, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author), [ ID=214137 ]

### Boundary or Fence (1 definition)
- a fence or boundary  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a fence, boundary, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=214128 ]

### Fault or Defect (Figurative) (1 definition)
- a fault or defect  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a fault, defect, Harivaṃśa (Title) ( cf. कर्म - श् (karma-ś) ° (°) ) [ ID=214125 ]

### Iron Crowbar (1 definition)
- an iron crow  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > शल्य (śalya) n. an iron crow, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=214135 ]

### Poison (1 definition)
- poison  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > poison, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=214136 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546