# शोधन (śodhana)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/shodhana

शोधन (śodhana) is a Sanskrit word meaning cleaning, purifying, cleansing, refining, or purgative, the citron tree, alangium hexapetalum, the act of cleaning, purifying, correcting, or improving, a means of purification, investigation or examination. Its 35 recorded definitions are grouped into 15 contexts, among them Broom / Cleaning Implement / Feminine Form (`śodhanī`), Expiation, Atonement, Justification, Act/Quality of Cleaning, Purifying.

- **Etymology:** E. शुघ to be or make pure, aff. ल्युट् or युच् — E. śugha to be or make pure, aff. lyuṭ or yuc
- **SLP1:** `SoDana`  **IAST:** śodhana  **Devanagari:** शोधन
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shodhana
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/shodhana/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### Broom / Cleaning Implement / Feminine Form (`śodhanī`) (5 definitions)
- See below  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2B) [Printed book page 1091,3] शोधनी (śodhanī) a f. See below [ ID=221548 ]
- 1. Cleaning or purifying. 2. Correcting errors or faults. 3. Subtraction in arithmetic. 4. The refining of metals. 5. Payment or acquittance. 6. Feces or ordure. 7. Green vitriol. 8. The lime tree. 9. A broom.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शोधन (śodhana) [Printed book page 858 ] शोधन (śodhana) mfn. ( - नः (-naḥ)- ना - नं (-naṃ) (-naḥ-nā-naṃ) ) Cleaning, purifying, &c., that which cleanses, refines, &c. n. ( - नं (-naṃ) ) 1 Cleaning, cleansing, purifying. 2 Correcting, freeing from faults or errors. 3 Correcting, as a writing. 4 Subtraction, (in arithmetic.) 5 The refining of metals. 6 A sort of refining, practised for chemical or medical purposes; exposing the metals to heat, and then sprinkling them with the urine of cows, &c. 7 Payment, acquittance. 8 Fæces, ordure. 9 Green vitriol. m. ( - नः (-naḥ) ) The lime. f. ( - नी (-nī) ) A broom. E. शुघ (śugha) to be or make pure, aff. ल्युट् (lyuṭ) or युच् (yuc). [ ID=38990 ]
- 1. Cleansing, purifying, correcting, refining, subtraction, or payment. 2. Feces or green vitriol.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शोधन (śodhana) [Printed book page 778-a ] शोधन (śodhana) ( नं ) ((naṃ)) 1. n. Fæces; green vitriol; cleansing; correcting; refining; subtraction; payment. m. The lime. f. ( ई (ī) ) A broom. a. Cleansing, purifying. [ ID=38646 ]
- 1. Cleaning, purifying, or refining. 2. Correcting or freeing from errors. 3. Subtraction. 4. Payment or acquittance. 5. Feces or ordure. 6. Green vitriol. 7. Determination. 8. Punishment. 9. Expiation. 10. The lime tree. 11. A broom.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शोधन (śodhana) [Printed book page 730-b ] शोधन (śodhana) mfn. ( - नः (-naḥ)- ना - नं (-naṃ) (-naḥ-nā-naṃ) ) Cleaning, purifying &c., that which cleanses, refines, &c. n. ( - नं (-naṃ) ) 1. Cleaning, cleansing, purifying. 2. Correcting, freeing from faults or errors. 3. Correcting, as a writing. 4. Subtraction, (in arithmetic.) 5. The refining of metals. 6. A sort of refining, practised for chemical or medical purposes: exposing the metals to heat, and then sprinkling them with the urine of cows, &c. 7. Payment, acquittance. 8. Feces, ordure. 9. Green vitriol. 10. Determination. 11. Punishment. 12. Expiation. m. ( - नः (-naḥ) ) The lime. f. ( - नी (-nī) ) A broom. E. शुध् (śudh) to be make pure, aff. ल्युट् (lyuṭ) or युच् । (yuc.) [ ID=40868 ]
- 1. Cleaning or purifying. 2. Lime. 3. A broom. 4. Expiation. 5. Punishment. 6. Correcting errors. 7. Rooting up. 8. Precise determination. 9. Refining metals. 10. Payment or acquittal. 11. Excrement. 12. Green vitriol.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शोधन (śodhana) [Printed book page 0964-b ] शोधन (śodhana) śodhana, i. e. śudh + ana, I. adj. Cleaning, purifying. II. m. The lime. III. f. nī, A broom. IV. n. 1. Cleaning, removing what may be pre- judicial, Hit. 97, 15; purifying. 2. Expiation, Man. 11, 125. 3. Punish- ment, Man. 1, 115. 4. Correcting from faults. 5. Rooting up, Man. 9, 253. 6. Precise determination, Vedāntas. in Chr. 212, 11. 7. The refining of metals. 8. Payment, acquittal. 9. Fæces, or- dure. 10. Green vitriol. [ ID=14918 ]

### Expiation, Atonement, Justification (4 definitions)
- justifying, exculpating  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > justifying, exculpating, Rāmāyaṇa (Title) [ ID=221554 ]
- expiation  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > expiation, Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary, 1st edition with marginal notes (Title) [ ID=221555 ]
- Expiation, atonement  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 5 Expiation, atonement
- 1. Cleansing or purifying. 2. Justification, inquiry, or examination.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शोधन (śodhana) [Printed book page 557 ] शोधन (śodhana) a. & n. = prec.; n. also means of purification; justification, inquiry, examination. [ ID=33144 ]

### Act/Quality of Cleaning, Purifying (3 definitions)
- a means of purification  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a means of purification, Manu-smṛti (Title); Suśruta (Title) [ ID=221551 ]
- Purifying or cleansing  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शोधन (śodhana) [Printed book page 1056-a ] शोधन (śodhana) a. ( नी (nī) f. ) [ शुध् - णिच् - ल्यु ल्युट् (śudh-ṇic-lyu lyuṭ) वा (vā) ] Purifying, cleansing &c
- 1. Purifying or cleansing. 2. Cleansing or washing of a wound.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 1 ( a ) Purifying, cleansing. ( b ) Cleansing or washing of a wound

### Green Vitriol (Chemical Substance) (3 definitions)
- green vitriol  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > green vitriol, in the same place [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=221560 ]
- Green vitriol  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 9 Green vitriol
- 1. Cleaning or purifying. 2. Correction. 3. Determination. 4. Payment or discharge. 5. Expiation. 6. Excrement or feces. 7. Green vitriol. 8. Retaliation or punishment. 9. Subtraction in mathematics.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > शोधन (śodhana) [Printed book page 729-02 ] शोधन (śodhana) n. 1. Cleaning, purifying; 2. correction; 3. determination; 4. payment, discharge; 5. expiation; 6. excrement, feces; 7. green vitriol; 8. retaliation, punishment; 9. subtraction (in math.). [ ID=38357 ]

### Refining (of metals, etc.) (3 definitions)
- Cleaning, purifying, cleansing, refining, or purgative.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 1091,3] शोधन (śodhana) mfn. cleaning, purifying, cleansing, refining, purgative, Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title); Suśruta (Title) [ ID=221545 ]
- refining  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > refining (as of metals for chemical or medicinal purposes), Horace H. Wilson, author of first Sanskrit-English dictionary in 1819 (Author) [ ID=221550 ]
- Refining of metals.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 6 Refining of metals

### Citron Tree / Lime (Botanical) (2 definitions)
- the citron tree  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > शोधन (śodhana) m. the citron tree, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=221546 ]
- The lime  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नः (naḥ) The lime. [ ID=28258 ]

### Correction, Rectification (2 definitions)
- the act of cleaning, purifying, correcting, or improving  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > शोधन (śodhana) n. the act of cleaning, purifying, correcting, improving, Nirukta, by Yāska (Title); Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra (Title); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. [ ID=221549 ]
- Correction  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 2 Correction, clearing away errors

### Excrement, Feces (2 definitions)
- Excrement or ordure  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > excrement, ordure, in the same place [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=221559 ]
- feces  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 10 Feces, ordure

### Investigation, Examination, Determination (2 definitions)
- 1. Investigation or examination 2. Correction  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > clearing up, sifting, investigation, examination, correction, Kāmandakīya-nītisāra (Title); Hitopadeśa (Title); Vijñāneśvara’s Mitākṣarā, commentary on Yājñavalkya’s Dharma-śāstra (Title) [ ID=221552 ]
- Exact determination  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 3 Exact determination

### Payment, Acquittance of Debt (2 definitions)
- payment  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > payment, acquittance, Horace H. Wilson, author of first Sanskrit-English dictionary in 1819 (Author) [ ID=221553 ]
- Payment, discharge  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 4 Payment, discharge, acquittance

### Retaliation, Punishment (2 definitions)
- 1. Retaliation. 2. Punishment.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > retaliation, punishment, in the same place [Cologne Addition] (Title) [ ID=221556 ]
- Retaliation, requital, or punishment  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 7 Retaliation, requital, punishment

### Subtraction (Arithmetic) (2 definitions)
- subtraction  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in arithm. ) subtraction, Bījagaṇita (subtitle) [ ID=221558 ]
- Subtraction  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — नं (naṃ) 8 Subtraction (in math.)

### Alangium Hexapetalum (Plant) (1 definition)
- Alangium hexapetalum  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > Alangium Hexapetalum, Lexicographers, esp. such as Amarasiṃha, Halāyudha, Hemacandra, etc. (Author) [ ID=221547 ]

### Other Specific Purifying/Medicinal Plants (1 definition)
- 1. Cleaning, purifying, refining, or purgative. 2. The act of cleaning, cleansing, or correcting. 3. Precise determination. 4. The payment, discharge, or clearance of a debt. 5. Expiation. 6. Punishment or retaliation. 7. Subtraction in arithmetic. 8. Excrement or feces. 9. Green vitriol. 10. The lime tree. 11. A kind of mouth-rinsing. 12. A broom or brush. 13. Certain plants.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > शोधन (śodhana) [Printed book page 1014-b ] Śodhana, as, ī, am, cleaning, purifying, cleansing, refining, purgative; ( am ), n. the act of cleaning, cleansing, purifying, refining; clearance, correction, freeing from faults, clearing away errors, removing or eradicating anything prejudicial or erroneous; precise determination; the cleansing of a sore or wound; the refining of metals, a sort of refining practised for chemical or medicinal purposes, (exposing metals to heat and then sprinkling them with the urine of cows, &c.); payment, clearance or discharge of a debt, quittance, paying off arrears, acquittance; expiation; retaliation, punishment; (in arithmetic) subtraction; excrement, feces, ordure; green vitriol; ( as ), m. the lime ( = nimbūka ); a kind of gaṇḍūṣa, q. v. (swallowing or rinsing the mouth ?); ( ī ), f. a broom, brush; a kind of plant ( = tāmra-vallī ); another plant (= nīlī). —Śodhanī-vīja, am, n. a kind of plant ( = jaya-pāla ). [ ID=46918 ]

### Removal, Eradication (1 definition)
- removal, eradication  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > removal, eradication, Manu-smṛti (Title); Mahābhārata (Title) &c. [ ID=221557 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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