# सोम (soma)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/soma

सोम (soma) is a Sanskrit word meaning the moon or moon-god, a Soma sacrifice, a day destined for extracting the soma juice, monday, nectar, camphor. Its 48 recorded definitions are grouped into 10 contexts, among them Comprehensive Lexicographical Entries, Proper Names (Persons, Places, Titles), Other Deities, Demigods, or Classes of Beings.

- **Roots:** 3. सु (3. su), 1. सु (1. su)
- **Etymology:** E. षू to bear, (as young,) or to sprinkle, Unādi aff. मन् । — E. ṣū to bear, (as young,) or to sprinkle, Unādi aff. man
- **SLP1:** `soma`  **IAST:** soma  **Devanagari:** सोम
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soma_%28deity%29
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/soma/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** सोमा (somā)

## Meanings by context

### Comprehensive Lexicographical Entries (12 definitions)
- The juice of the Soma plant, the plant itself, an important Vedic deity, and later identified with the moon and various gods.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 1249,3] 1. सोम (soma) m. ( fr. √ 3. सु (su) ) juice, extract, ( esp. ) the juice of the Soma plant, (also) the Soma plant itself (said to be the climbing plant Sarcostema Viminalis or Asclepias Acida, the stalks [ अंशु (aṃśu) ] of which were pressed between stones [ अद्रि (adri) ] by the priests, then sprinkled with water, and purified in a strainer [ पवित्र (pavitra) ]; whence the acid juice trinkled into jars [ कलश (kalaśa) ] or larger vessels [ द्रोण (droṇa) ]; after which it was mixed with clarified butter, flour &c., made to ferment, and then offered in libations to the gods [in this respect corresponding with the ritual of the Iranian Avesta] or was drunk by the Brāhmans, by both of whom its exhilarating effect was supposed to be prized; it was collected by moonlight on certain mountains [in Ṛg-veda (Title) x, 34, 1, the mountain Mūja-vat is mentioned]; it is sometimes described as having been brought from the sky by a falcon [ श्येन (śyena) ] and guarded by the Gandharvas; it is personified as one of the most important of Vedic gods, to whose praise all the 114 hymns of the 9th book of the Ṛg-veda (Title) besides 6 in other books and the whole, SV. are dedicated; in post-Vedic mythology and even in a few of the latest hymns of the Ṛg-veda (Title) [although not in the whole of the 9th book] as well as sometimes in the AV. and in the Br., Soma is identified with the moon [as the receptacle of the other beverage of the gods called Amṛta, or as the lord of plants, cf. इन्दु (indu), ओषधि - पति (oṣadhi-pati) ] and with the god of the moon, as well as with Viṣṇu, Śiva, Yama, and Kubera; he is called राजन् (rājan), and appears among the 8 Vasus and the 8 Loka-pālas [ Manu-smṛti (Title) v, 96 ], and is the reputed author of Ṛg-veda (Title) x, 124, 1, 5 - 9, of a law-book &c. cf. below), Ṛg-veda (Title) &c. &c. [ ID=252716 ]
- 1. Extracted juice or the Soma plant. 2. The moon or moon god. 3. Monday.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 360-1 ] सोम (soma) só-ma, m. [√ 1. su] extracted juice, Soma; Soma plant ( with the ep. in V. of rājan, king of plants ); C. : Soma sacrifice ( rare ); V., C. : (drop in the sky, cp. Indu), moon, moon-god ( also with the ep. rājan in C. ); C. : accounted son of Atri, one of the eight Vasus, identified with Viṣṇu and Śiva, reputed author of a law-book; Monday; N.. [ ID=19730 ]
- 1. The moon. 2. Kuvera. 3. A monkey chief. 4. Air or wind. 5. Yama. 6. One of the Vasu demigods. 7. Shiva. 8. The moon-plant. 9. The acid juice of the moon-plant. 10. A drug of supposed magical properties. 11. Water. 12. Nectar. 13. Camphor. 14. A deified progenitor. 15. The mountains of the moon. 16. Rice-water or gruel. 17. Heaven or sky.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 945 ] सोम (soma) m. ( - मः (-maḥ) ) 1 The moon. 2 KUVERA. 3 A monkey chief. 4 Air, wind. 5 YAMA. 6 One of the demigods called VASUS. 7 ŚIVA. 8 The moon-plant, ( Asclepias acida, or Sarcostema viminalis.) 9 The acid juice of the Sarcostema. 10 A drug of supposed magical properties. 11 Water. 12 Nectar, the liquor of immortals. 13 Camphor. 14 A deified progenitor. 15 A mountain or mountainous range, the mountains of the moon. n. ( - मं (-maṃ) ) 1 Rice-water or gruel. 2 Heaven, sky, æther. E. षू (ṣū) to bear, (as young,) or to sprinkle, Uṇādi aff. मन् (man). [ ID=42792 ]
- 1. The moon, Kuvera, a monkey chief, wind, Yama, a demigod, the moon-plant, its juice, water, nectar, camphor, or a mountain. 2. Rice gruel or the sky.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 867-b ] सोम (soma) ( मः ) ((maḥ)) 1. m. The moon; Kuvera; monkey chief; wind; Yama; demigod; moon-plant, Asclepias; its juice; water; nectar; camphor; mountain. n. Rice gruel; sky. [ ID=42585 ]
- 1. A plant used at sacrifices or its juice. 2. Nectar. 3. The moon. 4. Water. 5. An epithet of Kubera, Yama, or Shiva. 6. Air or wind. 7. Camphor. 8. The best or chief.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 798-01 ] सोम (soma) (I) m. 1. Name of a plant used at sacrifices; 2. the juice of this plant, त्रैविद्या मां सोम (soma) पाः पूतपापाः (traividyā māṃ somapāḥ pūtapāpāḥ) Bg. ix.20; 3. nectar; 4. the moon; 5. water; 6. an epithet of Kubera; 7. an epithet of Yama, the god of death; 8. of Śiva; 9. air, wind; 10. camphor; 11. (as the last member of a compound) the best, chief. [ ID=41643 ]
- 1. Rice-gruel. 2. The sky.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > सोम (soma) (II) n. 1. Rice-gruel; 2. the sky. [ ID=41644 ]
- 1. The moon. 2. Kuvera. 3. A monkey chief. 4. Air or wind. 5. Yama. 6. One of the Vasu demigods. 7. Shiva. 8. The moon-plant. 9. The acid juice of the moon-plant. 10. A drug of supposed magical properties. 11. Water. 12. Nectar. 13. Camphor. 14. A deified progenitor. 15. The mountains of the moon. 16. The best or chief. 17. Rice-water or gruel. 18. Heaven, sky, or ether.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 804-b ] सोम (soma) m. ( - मः (-maḥ) ) 1. The moon. 2. KUVERA. 3. A monkey chief. 4. Air, wind. 5. YAMA. 6. One of the demi-gods called VASUS. 7. ŚIVA. 8. The moon-plant, (Asclepias acida, or Sarcostema viminalis.) 9. The acid juice of the Sarcostema. 10. A drug of supposed magical properties. 11. Water. 12. Nectar, the liquor of immortals. 13. Camphor. 14. A deified progenitor. 15. A mountain or mountainous range, the mountains of the moon. 16. The best, chief, (as the last member of a compound.) n. ( - मं (-maṃ) ) 1. Rice-water or gruel. 2. Heaven, sky, æther. E. षू (ṣū) to bear, (as young,) or to sprinkle, Unādi aff. मन् । (man.) [ ID=45114 ]
- 1. The acid juice of the plant Sarcostemma viminalis. 2. The plant Sarcostemma viminalis itself. 3. Nectar. 4. Water. 5. The moon. 6. Kuvera, Yama, or Shiva. 7. Wind. 8. Camphor. 9. A mountain range. 10. Rice-gruel. 11. The sky.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 1062-b ] सोम (soma) soma, i. e. 1. su + ma, I. m. 1. The acid juice of the Sarcostema vimi- nalis, Chr. 292, 10 = Rigv. i. 85, 10; Bhag. 9, 20. 2. Sarcostema viminalis, MBh. 14, 274; Pañc. i. d. 346; per- sonified, Pañc. iii. d. 111; 112. 3. Nectar, the beverage of the immortals. 4. Water. 5. The moon, Chr. 27, 8. 6. Kuvera, the god of wealth; Yama, the god of death; Śiva. 7. Air, wind, 8. Camphor. 9. A mountainous range. II. n. 1. Rice-gruel. 2. Sky. — Comp. Nṛ-, m. a distinguished man (properly, a moon-like man), Ragh. 5, 59. [ ID=16406 ]
- 1. The soma plant or its juice, often personified as a god. 2. The moon or the moon god.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 635 ] सोम (soma) m. the Soma (plant or juice, often personified as a god); the moon or the god of the moon. [ ID=38089 ]
- 1. The plant extract used in Vedic rituals, personified as a god. 2. The moon.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 277-a ] sóma, m. —1. éxtract, esp. of certain species of the Asclepias family, see 70 5 N.; Soma, both literally, and also personified as a god; as pl. Soma-dranghts; —2. the moon, see 70 5 N. [ √1su, ‘extráct,’ 1166. ] [ ID=4714 ]
- See the main entry  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 1117-c ] Soma. See s. v. [ ID=52362 ]
- 1. A particular climbing plant used in sacrificial offerings. 2. The intoxicating and invigorating juice of this plant. 3. The plant or its juice personified and deified. 4. Nectar or the beverage of the gods. 5. Water. 6. The moon or its deity. 7. A ray of light. 8. Air or wind. 9. Camphor. 10. A particular drug of supposed magical properties. 11. A particular mountain or mountainous range. 12. A particular class of Pitrs. 13. Rice-water or rice-gruel. 14. Heaven, sky, or ether.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > [Printed book page 1136-c ] सोम (soma) soma, as, m. (according to Uṇādi-s. I. 139. fr. rt. 3. su, ‘to distil or extract or sprinkle,’ but connected by some with rt. 4. su, ‘to generate,’ the act of expressing the Soma juice being compared to the act of begetting), a particular climbing plant, Sarcostema Viminalis or Asclepias Acida (said to grow abundantly on the mountains of India and Persia; this celebrated plant, sometimes called ‘the moon- plant’ and perhaps a kind of milk-weed, was for- merly a most important ingredient in sacrificial offer- ings, and is perpetually alluded to in Vedic literature as well as in the Persian Avesta; it was collected by moon-light on certain mountains [in Ṛg-veda X. 34, 1. the mountain Mūja-vat is mentioned], stripped of its numerous leaves, and then carried to the place of sacrifice; the stalks having been there crushed be- tween stones by the priests were sprinkled with water and placed on a sieve or strainer for purifica- tion [see pāvamāna ], whence, after further pressure, the acid juice trickled into a vessel called Droṇa; after which it was mixed with clarified butter, flour, &c., made to ferment, and then offered in libations to the gods or drunk by the Brāhmans, by both of whom its exhilarating or intoxicating qualities were supposed to be highly prized; it is sometimes de- scribed as having been brought from the sky by a Śyena or falcon, and guarded by the Gandharvas; sometimes as having been brought by the Gāyatrī in the form of a bird, or by the daughter of the Sun, from a spot where it had been nourished by the rain-god Parjanya, who is represented in Ṛg-veda IX. 82, 3. as its father, the god Soma being else- where described as rejoicing in the society of the waters; all the 114 hymns of the ninth Maṇḍala of Page1137-a+ 81 the Ṛg-veda, besides many others throughout this Veda and the whole Sāma-veda, are devoted to the praise of this plant, the use of which seems now to be little known, though in some parts of India Soma sacrifices are still offered; for the connection between the Soma ceremonies and the Sāma-veda see sāma-veda; this Veda distinguishes two kinds of Soma, one said to be green and the other yellow, but the golden-coloured is described as most cele- brated; the more modern Su-śruta, q. v., on the other hand, distinguishes twenty-four varieties of the Soma plant); the intoxicating and invigorating juice of the above plant (which, in the Vedic period, was regarded as a kind of Amṛta or nectar, conferring eternal life and vigour on the drinkers of it, whether gods or men, and was offered to the gods to pro- pitiate them and make them accede to the petitions of their worshippers, see above); the above plant or its juice personified (and constantly deified in the Veda, and in its character of a god represented as primeval, all-powerful, all-pervading, healing all diseases, lord of all other gods, and identified with the very supreme Being himself; this worship of Soma by the Hindūs of the Vedic age is thought to possess great community of character with that of Dionysus and Bacchus by the Greeks and Romans; Soma is regarded as the author of Ṛg-veda X. 124, 1, 5 — 9); nectar, the beverage of the gods; water; the moon or its deity (to whom the name Soma, which first belonged to the plant only, came to be applied in Post-vedic mythology, traces of this application being also observable in Ṛg-veda X. 85, in Atharva-veda XI. 6, 7, and in several passages of the Śatapatha- Brāhmaṇa; in the Viṣṇu-Purāṇa I. 22, Brahmā is said to have appointed Soma or the moon to be the ‘monarch of planets, of plants, of sacrifices, and penances,’ and one of the names of the moon is Oṣadhi-pati or Oṣadhīśa, ‘lord of herbs;’ again, at the churning of the ocean, as described in the Purāṇas, after all sorts of medicinal plants and heal- ing herbs &c. are thrown in, three of the precious things said to be produced are Soma, ‘the moon,’ Amṛta, ‘nectar,’ and Surā, ‘spirituous liquor,’ and in other legends this nectar is said to be preserved in the body of the moon; in Manu V. 96, Soma is called one of the eight Loka-pālas or guardians of the world); a ray of light ( = dīdhiti, according to Śabda-k.); air, wind; camphor; a particular drug of supposed magical properties; a particular mountain or mountainous range, (according to some) the mountains of the moon; a particular class of Pitṛs, (probably for soma-pā ); N. of a monkey chief; of Kuvera; of Yama; of one of the Vasus, (see vasu ); of Śiva; of the author of a law-book; of the author of the Rāga-vibodha; ( ā ), f., N. of an Apsaras; ( am ), n. rice-water, rice-gruel; heaven, sky, ether. —Soma-kavi, is, m., N. of a poet. —Soma-kānta, as, ā, am, moon-beloved; lovely as the moon; ( as ), m. the moon-gem, moon-stone ( = candra-kānta, q. v.); N. of a king of Saurāṣṭra. —Soma-kāma, as, ā, am, Ved. delighting in Soma. —Soma-kīrtti, is, m., N. of a son of Dhṛta- rāṣṭra. —Soma-kṣaya, as, m. disappearance of the moon, new moon. —Soma-garbha, as, m., N. of Viṣṇu. —Soma-giri, is, m. ‘moon-mountain,’ N. of a mythical mountain. —Soma-gopā, ās, ās, am, having Soma as protector. —Soma-graha, as, m. a vessel for taking up the Soma. —Soma-ja, as, ā, am, moon-produced, moon-born; ( as ), m. epithet of the planet Mercury or Budha; ( am ), n. milk. —Soma-tīrtha, am, n., N. of a place of pil- grimage in the west of India ( = prabhāsa, q. v.). —Soma-datta, as, m., N. of a king of Vaiśālī; ( ā ), f., N. of the wife of Yajña-soma. —Soma- deva, as, m., N. of the author of the Kathā-sarit- sāgara. —Soma-daivatya, as, ā, am, having Soma as a deity, presided over by Soma. —Soma-dhāna, as, ā, am, Ved. holding or containing Soma (as a bowl). —Soma-dhārā, f. ‘Soma-holding,’ the sky, heaven. —Soma-nandīśvara (°di-īś°), N. of a Liṅga. —Soma-nātha, as, m. ‘Soma's lord, the Page1137-b+ 81 divinity set up by Soma,’ N. of a celebrated Liṅga, i. e. columnar emblem of Śiva or of the place or temple where it was set up, (this temple was established in the town described below, and was one of the twelve celebrated Liṅga temples which in various parts of India are held in especial venera- tion; the legend relates that the god Soma or the moon propitiated Śiva by performing great austerities on the spot, whereupon Śiva granted him a boon, and Soma in return set up a Liṅga on the place where he had done penance; the temple built there was so famed for its splendor and enormous wealth that it attracted the celebrated Mahmūd of Ghaznī, A. D. 1024, who, under pretext of destroying its idols, carried off its treasures along with its renowned gates); N. of several persons. —Somanātha-tīrtha, N. of a Tīrtha. —Somanātha-pattana, am, n., N. of a town on the western coast of India (com- monly called Somnath Pattan in the peninsula of Kattywar and province of Guzerat; it was celebrated for the temple of Śiva above described). —Soma- pa, as, m. one who drinks the Soma juice (especially at a sacrifice); a Soma sacrificer; a class of Pitṛs, (see soma-pā. ) —Soma-pati, is, m., Ved. ‘lord of Soma,’ epithet of Indra. —Soma-pattra, as, m. a sort of grass, Saccharum Cylindricum. —Soma-par- van, a, n., Ved. the time for preparing the Soma. —Soma-pā, ās, m. (acc. pl. soma-pas, dat. sing. soma-pe, see Gram. 108. a ), a drinker of Soma juice (especially at a sacrifice); a Soma sacrificer; the performer of a sacrifice; a Pitṛ of a particular class (said to be especially the progenitors of the Brāhmans). —Somapā-tama, as, ā, am, Ved. drinking much Soma, very fond of Soma. —Soma- pāna, am, n. the drinking of the Soma juice. —Soma-pāla, as, m. a preserver of Soma, (pro- bably) a provider or seller of the Soma plant; ( ās ), m. pl. epithet of the Gandharvas (as keeping especial guard over the Soma). —Soma-pāvan, ā, m., Ved. a Soma drinker. —Soma-pīti, is, f. drinking Soma, a draught of Soma; a Soma sacrifice. —Soma-pītin, ī, m. a drinker of the Soma juice. —Soma-pītha, as, m., Ved. a draught of Soma; [cf. go-pītha. ] —Soma-pīthin, ī, m. a Soma drinker. —Soma- pīvin, ī, m. (doubtful), a Soma drinker. —Soma-pu- tra, as, m. ‘son of the moon,’ the planet Mercury. —Soma-pṛṣṭha, as, ā, am, Ved. touching Soma, sprinkling Soma, (Sāy. = soma-spraṣṭṛ, somābhi- ṣava-kartṛ, Ṛg-veda VIII. 63, 2.) —Soma-peya, as, m., Ved. a sacrifice in which Soma is drunk, a Soma libation. —Soma-pratīka, as, ā, am, Ved. having Soma at the head. —Soma-prabhā, f., N. of a female. —Soma-prayoga, as, m., N. of a treatise. —Soma-pravāka, as, m. ‘Soma-sacrifice-an- nouncer,’ a person commissioned to engage Śrotriyas or sacrificial priests for a Soma sacrifice. —Soma- bandhu, us, m. ‘friend of the moon,’ the white esculent water-lily (as expanding at night). —Soma- bhava, as, m. a proper N. —Soma-bhū, ūs, ūs, u, Soma-born, belonging to the family of the moon; ( ūs ), m. ‘son of Soma,’ epithet of Budha (regent of the planet Mercury and supposed founder of the lunar dynasty); one of the persons called Vāsudevas by the Jainas. —Soma-yajña, as, m. a Soma sacri- fice, an offering or libation of the juice of the acid Asclepias. —Soma-yāga, as, m. a great triennial sacrifice in which the Soma juice is drunk. —Soma- yājin, ī, m. a Soma-yāga sacrificer (who also drinks the Soma juice at the ceremony). —Soma-yogin, ī, inī, i, being in conjunction with the moon. —Soma- yoni, is, m. a sort of yellow and very fragrant sandal. —Soma-rasa, as, m. the juice of the Soma plant. —Soma-rājaki, ayas, m. pl., N. of a Gotra. —Soma-rājan, ā, -jñī, a, having the Soma plant as king, (Atharva-veda VIII. 1, 17); ( ā ), m., N. of a Muni. —Soma-rājikā, f. = soma-rājin below. —Soma-rājin, ī, m. the medicinal plant Serratula or Vernonia Anthelmintica. —Soma-rājī, f. = soma- rājin above; a particular metre consisting of six syllables. —Soma-rāṣṭra, am, n., N. of a place. —Soma-roga, as, m. a particular disease incident Page1137-c+ 81 to women. —Soma-raudra, am, n., N. of a sacred text; [cf. somā-raudra. ] —Soma-latā, f. the moon-plant Sarcostema Viminalis, (see soma, col. 1); N. of the river Godāvarī. —Soma-latikā, f. a par- ticular shrub (= guḍūcī). —Soma-vaṃśa, as, m. ‘the family or race of the moon,’ the lunar dynasty or line of kings supposed to be descended from Soma, ‘the moon,’ and his son Budha, (in this line came Puru, Yadu, Dushyanta, Kṛṣṇa, Bharata, Kuru, Dhṛta-rāṣṭra, and Pāṇḍu, see candra- vaṃśa; it was one of the two great lines of ancient Hindū kings, the other being called Solar, see sūrya- vaṃśa ); N. of Yudhi-ṣṭhira (as belonging to this line). —Soma-vaṃśin, ī, m. a prince or king of the lunar dynasty. —1. soma-vat, ān, atī, at, possessing Soma (said of the Himālaya district), having Soma juice; having the moon, lunar. —2. soma-vat, ind. like the moon. —Soma-valka, as, m. a kind of white Khadira, Mimosa Catechu; a medicinal plant (commonly called Kāyaphal, = kaṭ-phala ); the plant Karañja; another kind (= rīṭhā-karañja). —Soma-vallari, is, or soma-vallarī, f. the moon- plant Sarcostema Viminalis; a kind of vegetable (= brahmī). —Soma-vallikā, f. the moon-plant; the plant Vernonia Anthelmintica. —Soma-vallī, f. the moon-plant, (see soma above); the shrub Cocculus Cordifolius ( = yajña-vallī ); the medicinal plant Vernonia Anthelmintica; other plants (= brāhmī; = pātāla-garuḍī; = su-darśanā). —So- ma-vahni-prakāśa, as, ā, am, bright as the fire of the moon. —Soma-vāmin, ī, m. ‘Soma-vomiter,’ a priest who has drunk so much Soma juice that he is obliged to vomit it out of his mouth. —Soma- vāra, as, m. ‘moon-day,’ Monday. —Somavāra- vrata, am, n. a kind of religious observance per- formed in the evening and consisting of the worship of Śiva and Durgā preceded by fasting every Mon- day. —Soma-vikrayin, ī, m. a vendor of Soma juice. —Soma-vṛkṣa, as, m. the medicinal plant Kaṭ-phala; the white Khadira; Vernonia Anthel- mintica. —Soma-śakalā, f. ‘resembling a portion of the moon,’ a kind of cucumber (= śaśāṇḍulī). —Soma-śambhu, us, m., N. of an author. —Soma- śarman, ā, m., N. of a king (belonging to the Maurya dynasty); of a Muni; of a merchant. —Soma-śuṣma, as, m., N. of a Brāhman. —So- ma-śravas, ās, m., N. of a merchant. —Soma- saṃsthā, f., N. of the fifth division of the Jyo- tiṣṭoma sacrifice, (seven Soma-saṃsthās are enume- rated, viz. Agni-ṣṭoma, Aty-agniṣṭoma, Ukthya, Ṣoḍaśin, Ati-rātra, Vāja-peya, and Aptor-yāma.) —Soma-sañjña, am, n. ‘Soma-named,’ camphor. —Soma-sad, t, m. a Pitṛ of a peculiar class (de- scribed as progenitor of the celestial beings called Sādhyas, Manu III. 195). —Soma-sāra, as, m. the white Khadira tree. —Soma-siddhānta, as, m. ‘the Soma doctrine,’ N. of a particular astronomical text-book; a particular Tantra doctrine or system of philosophy followed by a sect of Śaivas and regarded as unorthodox, (it is personified in the Third Act of the Prabodha-candrodaya); one who holds the above system of doctrines; a particular Buddha. —Soma- siddhāntin, ī, m. one who knows the Soma-sid- dhānta; a follower of the above sect of the Śaivas, a rationalist of the above school. —Soma-sindhu, us, m. ‘ocean of Soma,’ epithet of Viṣṇu. —Soma- sut, t, m. a Soma-distiller, Soma-sprinkler, a priest who offers the Soma juice at a sacrifice. —Soma- suta, as, m. ‘son of the moon,’ epithet of Budha, q. v.; ( ā ), f. ‘daughter of the moon,’ the river Narma-dā or Nerbudda. —Somasut-vat, ān, atī, at, possessing offerers of Soma juice (said of a her- mitage, a sacrifice, &c.). —Soma-sutvan, ā, m., Ved. one who offers Soma libations. —Soma-sundara, as, m., N. of a commentator. —Soma-sūkta, am, n. a hymn in honour of Soma. —Soma-sūtra, am, n. a channel for conveying water from a Śiva-liṅga or a kind of receptacle to receive the water with which the idol has been bathed. —Somasūtra-pra- dakṣiṇā, f. circumambulation around Śiva's idol in such a way as that the Soma-sūtra shall not be Page1138-a+ 76 crossed. —Soma-sūrya-prakāśa, as, ā, am, bright as the sun and moon. —Soma-sena, as, m., N. of a king of Campaka-pura. —Somākhya (°ma-ākh°), am, n. the red lotus. —Somātipūta (°ma-at°), as, ā, am, excessively purified by the Soma juice (which, if drunk in excess, is supposed to pass through the nose, ears, and other apertures of the body). —So- mānanda (°ma-ān°), as, m., N. of a preceptor. —Somānanda-nātha, as, m., N. of a preceptor. —Somā-pūṣaṇā, m. du., Ved. Soma and Pūṣan. —Somābha (°ma-ābha), as, ā, am, like the moon; ( ā ), f. epithet of Candrāvalī, q. v. —Somābhiṣava (°ma-abh°), as, m. the distilling or extracting of Soma juice. —Somā-rudra-sūkta, am, n., N. of a Vedic hymn, (see the next.) —Somā-raudra, am, n., N. of the four Vedic texts beginning with or containing the word Somā-rudrā, (these occur in Ṛg-veda VI. 74, 1 — 4; cf. Atharva-veda VII. 42, Manu XI. 254.) —Somārka-pratisaṅkāśa (°ma- ar°), as, ā, am, resembling the sun and moon. —Somāha (°ma-ah°), as, m. ‘moon-day,’ Monday. —Somāhuti (°ma-āh°), is, m., N. of the author of the hymns Ṛg-veda II. 4-7 (having the patronymic Bhārgava). —Someśvara (°ma-īś°), as, m. ‘Soma's lord, the divinity set up by Soma,’ N. of a celebrated representation of Śiva (supposed to have been set up by Soma at Benares) or of the place where it was established, (see soma-nātha ); of an author; of a poet; of the author of a work on music; of the author of the Nyāya-sudhā commentary; ( am ), n., N. of a Liṅga at Benares. —Somotpatti (°ma-ut°), is, f. the production or origin of Soma; N. of a Pariśiṣṭa of the Ṛg-veda. —Somodbhava (°ma- ud°), as, ā, am, moon-produced, sprung from the moon; ( ā ), f. the river Narma-dā or modern Ner- budda (so called either as supposed to be descended from the moon or as the source of celestial nectar). [ ID=52780 ]

### Proper Names (Persons, Places, Titles) (10 definitions)
- a particular mountain or mountainous range  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a partic. mountain or mountainous range ( accord. to some the mountains of the moon), ib. [ ID=252726 ]
- various authors  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of various authors (also with पण्डित (paṇḍita), भट्ट (bhaṭṭa), शर्मन् (śarman) &c. cf. above), Cat. [ ID=252728 ]
- an epithet of a monkey-chief  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of a monkey-chief, L. [ ID=252730 ]
- an Apsaras  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of an Apsaras, MBh. [ ID=252732 ]
- of a river  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a river, MārkP. [ ID=252733 ]
- of a queen  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of a queen, Inscr. [ ID=252734 ]
- a son of Savitri and Prishni  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Soma (III) — a son of Sāvitrī and Pṛśni. Bhā. VI. 18. 1. [ ID=16767 ]
- a priest of the middle class in sacrifice  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Soma (IV) — a madhyamādhvaryu. Br. II. 33. 15. [ ID=16768 ]
- the temple of Soma in the Supaksha hill  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Soma (VII) — the temple of, in the Supakṣa hill. Vā. 39. 63. [ ID=16771 ]
- a son of Atri and Anasuya  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Soma (IX) — a son of Atri and Anasūyā. Vi. I. 10. 8. [ ID=16773 ]

### Other Deities, Demigods, or Classes of Beings (6 definitions)
- a particular class of Pitris  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a partic. class of Pitṛs ( prob. for सोम - पा (soma-pā) ), ib. [ ID=252727 ]
- 1. Surya 2. Skanda 3. Shiva 4. Vishnu  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > [Printed book page 646-2 ] Soma 2 = Sūrya: III, 147.—Do. 2 = Skanda: III, 14643.— Do. 4 = Śiva (1000 names 1—2 ).—Do. 5 = Viṣṇu (1000 names). [ ID=9974 ]
- A Vasu, being a son of Dharma and Sudevi.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 3-696 ] Soma (V) — a Vasu: a son of Dharma and Sudevī; had five sons Varca, Budha, Dhara, Urmī and Kalila. Br. III. 3. 21; M. 5. 21, 23; 171. 46; 203. 3. [ ID=16769 ]
- a Sukha god  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Soma (VI) — a Sukhā god. Br. IV. 1, 18. [ ID=16770 ]
- a principal class of demigods  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Soma (VIII) — a mukhya gaṇa. Vā. 100. 18. [ ID=16772 ]
- a Vasu and son of Bhagavan Varca  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Soma (X) — a Vasu; the son of Bhagavān Varca. Vi. I. 15. 110, 112. [ ID=16774 ]

### Other Physical Substances (Water, Air, Camphor, etc.) (5 definitions)
- camphor  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > camphor, L. [ ID=252722 ]
- Air or wind  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > air, wind, L. [ ID=252723 ]
- water  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > water, L. [ ID=252724 ]
- a drug of supposed magical properties  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a drug of supposed magical properties, W. [ ID=252725 ]
- rice-water or rice-gruel  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > सोम (soma) ( अम् (am) ), n. rice-water, rice-gruel, L. [ ID=252736 ]

### The Moon or Moon-God (5 definitions)
- the moon or moon-god  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the moon or moon-god (see above) [ ID=252717 ]
- Somachandra  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > = सोमचन्द्र (somacandra), or सोमे (some) न्दु (ndu), HPariś. [ ID=252729 ]
- originally the soma juice, generally identified with the moon  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 644-2 ] *Soma 1, originally the soma juice, generally identified with the Moon. § 28 (Amṛtamanthana): I, 18, 1145 ( Śatasahas- Page645-a+ 63 rāṃśuḥ, Śītāṃśuḥ, arose at the churning of the ocean), 1148; [ 19, 1162 ( Candra-Sūryābhyāṃ, 1166 (do.) ( S. and Sūrya discovered Rāhu drinking amṛta; Rāhu was slain but his head yet swallows S. and Sūrya at the eclipses)].—§ 37 (Indra): I, 25, 1291 (Indra identified with S.).—§ 61 (Sarpasattra): I, 55, †2097 ( °sya yajñaḥ ).—§ 115 (Aṃśāvat.): I, 65, [2577 ( Indave, Dakṣa gave twenty-seven of his daughters as wives to Soma)], 2580 ( saptaviṃśatiḥ S°sya patnyaḥ kālasya nayane yuktāḥ S°patnyaḥ ).—§ 116 (Vasu pl.): I, 65, 2582 (among the Vasus), [2583 ( Caudramāḥ, do., son of Manasvinī)], 2586 (father of Varcas).—§ 130 g (Abhimanyu): I, 67, 2748, 2759 (let his son Varcas become incarnate as Abhimanyu).—§ 134 (Viśvāmitra): I, 71, 2933 (fears Viśvā- mitra).—[§ 138 (Dakṣa Prācetasa): I, 75, 3134 ( Indave, Dakṣa gave twenty-seven of his daughters ( kalasya nayane yuktāḥ ) as wives to S.)]—§ 147 (Devayānī): I, 82, 3408 ( °sya…gṛhe…striyaṃ ).—§ 221 b (Cākṣuṣī): I, 170, 6478 (learnt the science Cākṣuṣī from Manu and communi- cated it to Viśvāvasu).—§ 238 (Pañcendrop.): I, 197, †7277. —§ 240 (Vaivāhikap.): I, 199, 7351 ( Rohiṇī ca yathā S°e tvaṃ bhava bhartṛṣu ).—[§ 246 (Sundopasundop.): I, 211, 7682 ( Candrādityau, in the abode of Brahmán)].—§ 257 c (Gāṇḍīva): I, 225, 8177 ( rājñā, had possessed the bow (i.e. Gāṇḍīva), the quivers, and the chariot which Varuṇa gave to Arjuna).—§ 257 (Khāṇḍavadahanap.): I, 225, 8186 ( yaṃ sma S°ḥ samāruhya Danavān ajayat prabhuḥ, sc. the chariot of Arjuna).—§ 259 (Śārṅgakop.): I, 229, 8360 (Agni identified with S.).—§ 263 (Sabhākriyāp.): II, 3, 80 ( °sya ca yathā sabhā ).—§ 270 (Brahmasabhāv.): II, 11, 464 ( etair, i.e. the pitṛs, āpyāyitaiḥ pūrvaṃ S°a āpyāyate punaḥ ) —[§ 310 b (Sūrya): III, 3, 137 ( Oṣadhīpatiḥ…janayām- āsa, sc. oṣadhīḥ ), 138 ( Candra° )].—§ 317 b (Kṛṣṇa Vāsudeva): III, 12, 480 (Kṛṣṇa becomes S., etc.).—[§ 350 (Nalopākhyānap.): III, 68, 2676 ( bhartuḥ samāgamāt sādhvī Rohiṇī Śaśino yathā )].—§ 391 (Ṛṣyaśṛṅga): III, 114, †10091 ( khe Rohiṇī S°m ivānukūlā ).—[§ 400 (Tīrthayātrāp.): III, 118, †10225 ( Candrasya, sc. āyatanaṃ, visited by Yudhi- ṣṭhira, etc.)].—[§ 421 c (Ākāśa-Gaṅgā): III, 142, 10906 ( Candramāḥ, among the luminous bodies which resort to the Ākāśa-Gaṅgā)].—§ 439 (Yakṣayuddhap.): III, 163, [11867 ( Sūrya-Candramasau, go round Meru)], 11872 ( nakṣatraiḥ saha ).—§ 450 (Ājagarap.): III, 180, 12461 ( pañcamaḥ Somād Āyoḥ putraḥ, i.e. Nahuṣa).—§ 459 (Mārkaṇḍeyas.): III, 189, 12955 (identified with Nārāyaṇa). —§ 474 b (Dhundhumārop.): III, 201, 13498 ( Indra-S°āgni- Varuṇāḥ, worship Viṣṇu).—§ 490 (Āṅgirasa): III, 219, 14138, 14139 ( Somena saha yujyate, sc. the fire Vīra, so Nīl.) —§ 493 (do.): III, 221, 14190 ( Agnī-Ṣomau, sons of Niśā). —§ 496 (Skandotpatti): III, 224, 14267, 14271, 14275 ( °sya Vahni-Sūryābhyāṃ…samāgamaḥ ), 14276.—§ 506 (Skandayuddha): III, 231, 14560 (held a white umbrella over the head of Skanda).—§ 509 (Kārttikeyast.): III, 232, †14643 (Skanda identified with S.).—§ 512 (Ghoṣayātrāp.): III, 247, 15045 ( upaplutaṃ yathā S°ṃ Rāhuṇā ).—§ 522 (Draupadīharaṇap.): III, 265, †15590 ( °sya, sc. patnī ).— § 552 c (Gāṇḍīva): IV, 43, 1348 (held Gāṇḍīva for 500 years).—§ 552 (Goharaṇap): IV, 56, 1770 ( °sya, sc. vimānaṃ ).—§ 555 (Indravijaya): V, 16, †511 ( purāṇo devaḥ? ).—§ 560 (Sanatsujātap.): V, 46, 1757.—§ 565 (Gālavacarita): V, 108, 3771 ( atra —i.e. in the east— labdhavaraḥ S°ḥ suraiḥ kratubhiḥ pīyate ), [ 111, 3828 ( atra — i.e. in the north— rājyena viprāṇāṃ Candramāś cābhyaṣicata ); 117, 3968 ( reme…yathā Candraś ca Rohiṇyāṃ )].—§ 569 b Page645-b+ 63 (Yayāti): V, 149, 5042 ( °ḥ Prajāpatiḥ pūrvaṃ Kurāṇāṃ vaṃśavardhanaḥ / S°ād babhūva ṣaṣṭo 'yaṃ Yayātiḥ ).—[§ 575 (Bhūmip.): VI, 11, 403 ( °ārkayoḥ )].—[§ 575 e (do.): the diameter of the moon is 11,000 yojanas, its circumference 38,900 yojanas; VI, 12, 484 ( Candramāḥ ), 485 ( Śītaraśmiḥ )]. —§ 576 (Bhagavadgītāp.): VI, 17, 637 ( Maghāviṣayagaḥ S°ḥ ); 39, 1395 ( puṣṇāmi cauṣadhīḥ sarvāḥ S°o bhūtrā rasātmakaḥ, says Kṛṣṇa).—§ 592 (Saṃśaptakavadhap.): VII, 23 ο, 977 ( Sutasomaṃ tu yaṃ Pārthaḥ, S°ād —B. saumyaṃ—putram ayācata —B. ajījanat ).—§ 595 (Ṣoḍaśarāj., v. Gaya): VII, 66, 2343 ( īje…yathā S°ḥ ); (do. v. Pṛthu Vainya): VII, 69, 2416 ( °rāṭ, acted as calf when the Saptarṣis milked the earth).—§ 599 (Jayadrathavadhap.): VII, 98, 3641 ( devā Brahma-S°purogamāḥ, came to see the encounter between Droṇa and Sātyaki); 116, 4627 ( grasya- mānaṃ…khe S°m iva Rāhuṇā ); 137, 5636 ( prajā- saṃharaṇe…S°ṃ sapta grahā iva, sc. apīḍayan ).—§ 599 c (Śini): VII, 144, 6028 (son of Atri and father of Budha).— § 603 d (Tripura): VII, 202, 9574 ( śaraṃ…Viṣṇu- S°samāyutaṃ, employed by Śiva).—§ 603 (Nārāyaṇāstra- mokṣap.): VII, 202 κκ, 9632 ( Somārdhaṃ, B. Somo'rdhaṃ, sc. the one half of the body of Śiva).—§ 606 (Tripurākhyāna): VIII, 34, 1471 (became the bhalla of Śiva's chariot), 1502, 1503 ( agnī-Somaṃ jagat, so C., B. has Agnī-Ṣomau jagat ), 1510 ( °-Viṣṇvagnisaṃbhavaṃ, sc. bāṇaṃ ), 1533 ( iṣuṃ… Viṣṇu-S°āgnisambhavaṃ ), 1555 ( °āgni-Viṣṇūnāṃ ).—§ 607 (Karṇap.): VIII, 42, 2005 ( °rājānaḥ, having S. for their king, scil. the brahmans; differently PCR.); 45 ζ, 2103 (with the brahmans he protects the north).—[§ 608 b (Arjuna): VIII, 46, 2160 ( Induḥ, had been one of the horses of the chariot of Arjuna)].—§ 608 (Karṇap.): VIII, 87 λ, 4418 (sided with Arjuna); [ 89, †4595 ( Atrisutodbhava° )]; 94, †4943 ( grahaḥ S°sya putraḥ, i.e. Budha); [ 96, 5042 ( Agny- anilendubhānavaḥ )].—§ 615 (Baladevatīrthayātrā): IX, 35, [2009 ( Uḍurāj )], 2011.—§ 615 (Prabhāsotpattik.): IX, 35, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2022, 2024, 2025, 2027, 2029, 2030, 2032, 2039, 2043, 2049, 2051, 2053, 2054 ( S. married twenty-seven daughters of Dakṣa, on account of his pre- dilection for Rohiṇī, the other wives complained to Dakṣa who cursed S. so that he was affected by phthisis. Soma bathed in Prabhāsa and thus recovered his effulgence, and so he does on every new-moon day).—§ 615 (Baladevatīrtha- yātrā): IX, 43, †2446 ( °sya mahat sutīrthaṃ ), 2447 (per- formed a rājasūya).—§ 615 u (Skanda): IX, 45 [(γ) 2506 ( Sūrya - Candramasau )], 2534 (gave two companions to Skanda).—§ 615 v (Varuṇa): IX, 47 υ, 2735 ( °ena sārdhaṃ hānirṛddhī ).—§ 615 (Baladevatīrthayātrā): IX, 50, 2924 ( °sya mahat sutīrthaṃ, there S. performed a rājasūya, cf. v. 2447); [ 51, 2925 ( Uḍupatiḥ, do., do.)].—§ 641 (Rājadh.): XII, 122, [4499 ( Niśākaraṃ, made lord of the nakṣatras)], 4517.—§ 660 b (Bhṛgu-Bharadvājasaṃv.): XII, 182, 6783 ( Agnī-Ṣoman ).—§ 664 (Mokṣadh.): XII, 207 ε, 7541 (married twenty-seven daughters of Dakṣa).—§ 665 (do.): XII, 208, 7575 ( rājā, son of Atri).—§ 693 b (Vṛtravadha): XII, 282 α, 10120.—§ 700 (Mokṣadh.): XII, 289, 10644 ( Agnī-Ṣoman ).—[§ 707 (do.): XII, 314, 11617 ( Candramāḥ, the adhidaivata of manas )].—[§ 712 (Śukotpatti): XII, 324, 12175 ( Divākara-Niśākarau, on the Meru)].—§ 717 b (Nārāyaṇīya): XII, 335 α, 12686 (among the twenty-one Prajāpatis); [ 341 λ, 13017 ( Tārādhipaḥ )]; 342, 13186 ( Agnī-Ṣomamayaṃ…jagat ), ††13187 ( Agnī-Ṣomau ); 343, 13188 (do.), ††13194 (do.), XI), ††13219 ( rājānaṃ ) ††13220, ††13221 (repetition from § 615), 13225 ( Agnī Page646-a+ 62 Ṣomakṛtaiḥ…karmabhiḥ ); 349, I), 13561 (obtained the religion of Nārāyaṇa from the Vaikhānasas), II), 13562 (imparted it to Brahmán).—§ 730 g (Upamanyu): XIII, 14, 889 (identified with Śiva).—§ 730 (Ānuśās.): XIII, 14 αα, 991.—§ 739 (do.): XIII, 34, 2110 ( °rājānaḥ, scil. brāhmaṇāḥ ). —§ 740 (do.): XIII, 36, (2177), 2182 (discoursed on siddhi). —§ 746 (do.): XIII, 62 β, 3150 (applauds the giver of earth); 63, 3239 ( Agnī-Ṣomau ); 67, 3386 ( nīrajātaḥ…S°o grahagaṇeśvaraḥ ); 82, 3857.—§ 747 b (Suvarṇotpatti): XIII, 84, 3977 ( Agnī-Ṣomātmakaṃ suvarṇaṃ ); 85, 4103 ( Agnī- Ṣomātmakaṃ jātarūpaṃ ), 4173 ( Brahma-Vāyv-Agni-Somānāṃ sālokyaṃ ).—[§ 748 b (Tārakavadhop.): XIII, 86, 4208 ( Candramāḥ, gave a sheep to Skanda)].—§ 749 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 91 β, 4348, 4351; 92, 4375, 4376, 4377, 4378 (questioned about śrāddhas), 4386.—§ 753 (do.): XIII, 97, 4662 (to S. bali is to be offered in the north).—§ 757 h (Somaloka): XIII, 102, †4871 ( °sya rājñaḥ sadane ).— § 757 o (Somapīthin, pl.): XIII, 102, 4896 ( °vīthīṃ, differently B.).—§ 759 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 107, 5279 ( °kanyānivāseṣu ).—[§ 764 (do.): XIII, 123, 5861 ( sutā Tārādhipasyeva )].—[§ 768 b (Umā-Maheśvarasaṃv.): XIII, 146 γ, 6751 ( Rohiṇī Śaśinaḥ sādhvī )].—§ 770 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 151 δ, 7094 (the third of the Vasus), 7155 ( °ādityān- vayāḥ ).—§ 772 j (Utathya): XIII, 155, 7241 ( Bhadrā S°sya duhitā ), 7250 (had bestowed his daughter Bhadrā on Utathya, then she was ravished by Varuṇa).—§ 772 m (Atri): XIII, 157, 7292 ( °-Bhāskarau, pierced by Rāhu), 7299.—§ 773 b (Kṛṣṇa Vāsudeva): XIII, 159, 7366 (identified with Kṛṣṇa).—§ 773 (Ānuśās.): XIII, 160, 7408 ( °rājānaḥ, scil. brāhmaṇāḥ ).—§ 782 b (Brāhmaṇagītā): XIV, 20, 608 ( °o sahāgninā, in the abode of the soul).—§ 782 g (Guruśiṣya- saṃv.): XIV, 43 δ, 1178 ( auṣadhīnāṃ patiḥ ), 1179 ( viprāṇāṃ rājā ).—§ 789 (Putradarśanap.): XV, 31 η, 856 ( °a iva (! ) Saubhadraḥ ).—§ 795 (Svargārohaṇap.): XVIII, 4, 143 ( °ena sahitaṃ…Abhimanyuṃ ); 5, 166 (after death Abhimanyu entered S.). Cf. also the following synonyms:— Atrisuta (“the son of Atri”): VIII, 4594 ( Nāsatya- Dasrātrisutodbhavādyair aṣṭāṅgavidyāsanam udcahadbhiḥ ). Aṃśumat : I, 5531 ( sāṅgāraka ivā °ān ); XII, 4500 ( cīrudhām A°ntaṃ, sc. īśaṃ ). *Candra : I, 1162 ( °-Sūryābhyāṃ ), 1166 (do.), 7682; III, 138 ( °tejabḥiḥ ), †10225 ( °sya, sc. āyatanaṃ ); V, 3968 ( reme…yathā C°ś ca Rohiṇyāṃ ); VII, 9594 (identified with Śiva); IX, 2011; XII, 10438 ( °ādityau cakṣuṣī te, sc. Śiva's, 1000 names 1 ); XIII, 3682 ( Vaiṣṇavāś C°lokāḥ ), 7295 ( °ādityau ), 7636 (do.). *Candramas : I, 2535 ( devānāṃ Sūrya-C°au ), 2583 (son of Manasvinī), 5376 ( pañcatāreṇa saṃyaktaḥ Sāvitreṇeva C°āḥ ), 8234 ( iva ); III, 5024 ( nirmalaś C°ā yathā ), 10906; V, 3828 (was anointed), 4753 ( nakṣatrair iva C°āḥ, sc. parivṛtaḥ ); VI, 484, 4567 ( pīḍitaḥ…yathā yugakṣaye ghore C°āḥ pañcabhir grahaiḥ ); VII, 9595 (identified with Śiva), 9600 (do.): IX, 302 ( kāntirāpamukhaiśvaryais tribhiś C°sā samaṃ ), 805 ( °so 'bhyāse Śanaiścara iva grahaḥ ), 2021, 2028, 2043, 2059, 2506 ( Sūrya-Ś°au ); XII, 11617 ( adhi- daivataṃ, sc. of the manas ), 12864 (= Mahāpuruṣa, Mahā- puruṣastava); XIII, 2014, 4208 (gave a sheep to Skanda), 5968 ( mucyate…Rāhuṇā C°ā yathā ), 7497 (identified with Śiva). *Śaśalakṣaṇa (“hare-marked”): III, 16198 (C. has by error °lakṣmaṇaṃ ); VI, 195(?); IX, 2041, 2048, 2058. Page646-b+ 62 *Śaśāṅka (do.): VI, 1285 (identified with Kṛṣṇa); VIII, 3392 ( kāntyā Ś°sya ). *Śaśin (do.): III, 2676 ( sādhvī Rohiṇī Ś°no yathā ); VII, 161 ( nakṣatrāṇāṃ iva Ś°ī, sc. senāpatiḥ ), 2993 ( tamo vighnan yathā Ś°ī ); IX, 2012, 2026, 2030, 2047; XII, 318 ( Āditya-Ś°-tārakaṃ ); XIII, 6751 ( Rohiṇī Ś°naḥ sādhvī ). *Śatasahasrāṃśu (“having 100,000 rays”): I, 1145 ( S° ). *Śītāṃśu (“cool-rayed”): I, 1145 ( S° ), 4162 ( °tāṃ ); III, 3008, 15100 ( °tāṃ ); IX, 2022, 2052. *Śītaraśmi (do.): VI, 485; XIII, 2645 ( iva ). Grahagaṇeśvara, Grahapati, q.v. *Indu : I, 2577 (married twenty-seven daughters of Dākṣa), 3134 (do.); VIII, 2160 ( saptitām gataḥ ), †5042 ( Agny-anilendu-Bhānavaḥ ); XII, 13219; XIII, 1059 ( Varu- ṇendū, identified with Śiva). Kumudanātha (“lord of the lotuses”): VII, †8408. Nakṣatrapati, Nakṣatrarāj, Nakṣatra- rāja, q.v. *Niśākara (“night-maker”): III, 2667 ( niśāṃ Rāhu- grastan °āṃ ), 2704 ( iva ); VI, 5130 ( pīḍayām āsa…parvaṇīva susaṃkruddho Rāhuḥ pūrṇaṃ N°ṃ ); IX, 1967 ( divīva nakṣa- tragaṇaiḥ parikīrṇo N°ḥ ), 2016, 2031, 2039, 2057, 3126 ( nakṣatrair iva saṃpūrṇo vṛto niśi N°aḥ ); XII, 4499 ( nakṣa- trāṇām īśaḥ ), 12175 ( Divākara-N°au ); XIII, 2176. Oṣadhīpati (“lord of herbs”): III, 137. Prajāpati, Tārādhipa, Tārakārāja, Tārāpati, Uḍupa, Uḍupati, Uḍurāj, Virocana, q.v. [ ID=9973 ]
- 1. A son born of Atri's eyes who became lord of plants, brahmans, and stars, and father of Budha. 2. The husband of the twenty-seven daughters of Daksha, including Krittika.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 3-694 ] Soma (I) — a son born of Atri's eyes; honoured at birth by Śiva and Umā; borne for 300 years by diks (directions) and when released became an amśa of Brahmā who took him in his Vedic chariot of 1000 horses to his loka where Brahmaṛṣis adored him as their king and was praised by Mantras; nourished the crying Māriṣā in her babyhood with nectar; presented Pṛthu with undying horses. 1 Appealed to Pracetas not to destroy trees and offered their daughter Vārkṣī in marriage to him, married the twenty-seven daughters of Dakṣa; Kṛttikā and other stars as his wives; cursed by Dakṣa he had no issue and was struck with disease propitiated Dakṣa and recovered. 2 Appointed by Brahmā as Lord of Plants, Brahmans and stars; worshipped Page3-695+ 46 for a life of enjoyments; also called Rājā; father of Budha; 3 got rid of his consumption by bathing in the Prabhāsā; wor- shipped largely in Śālmalidvīpa; 4 conquered three worlds and took Tārā, Bṛhaspati's wife by force. Tārā who was pregnant was given back to Bṛhaspati through the intervention of Brahmā. This was Budha. 5 [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. IV. 1. 15 and 33; 14. 26; 30. 14; 15. 17; Br. III. 65. 1-20; M. 4. 49; 23. 4-15; 198. 1;] [ Footnote: 2) Ib. 2. 12; 5. 13; 146. 16. Bhā. VI. 3. 14; 4. 6-16; 6. 2, 23-24; VIII. 4. 21; 5. 34.] [ Footnote: 3) Bhā. VIII. 18. 15; X. 84. 47; XI. 16. 16; II. 3. 9; IX. 1. 35; Br. III. 65. 46. 48; M. 11. 53-4.] [ Footnote: 4) Bhā. XI. 6. 36; V. 20. 11-12.] [ Footnote: 5) Ib. IX. 14. 2. 14; Br. III. 65. 28-44.] [ ID=16765 ]
- 1. A guardian deity of the world with his city on the north of Mount Meru. 2. The lord of stars and an aspect of Shiva. 3. A deity associated with ancestors and rituals. 4. One of the nine planetary deities with a white color. 5. The celestial nectar consumed by ancestors and gods that nourishes rivers through rain.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 3-695 ] Soma (II) (Candra s.v.) — a Lokapāla with his city Vibhāvarī on the north of Meru; 1 Lord of stars, and one face of Śiva: served as calf when sages and Pṛthu milked the earth-cow; 2 his rays gave rise to certain Apsara clans: Kaśyapa made him king of Brahmans; 3 a Śrāddhadeva: Lord of Pitṛs: (1/8) amśa of Śiva coming out of the dhāma that issued along with tears of Śiva: Nine women desired and enjoyed his company; 4 one of the nine grahas with white colour; 5 in the Devāsura wars, was vanquished by māyā of Kālanemī, took part in the Tārakāmaya, helped Varuṇa at the suggestion of Indra; 6 the dot in him is the earth's shadow; 7 propitiated in the installation of an image and in house building; 8 born from the ocean of milk; 9 world of; 10 nectar of, drunk by Pitṛs and gods; 11 feeds rivers by causing rain. 12 [ Footnote: 1) Br. II. 21. 33; 22. 14. 15; M. 266. 26.] [ Footnote: 2) Br. II. 24. 46; 26. 41; 27. 112 ff.; M. 10. 16.] [ Footnote: 3) Br. III. 5. 80; 7. 22; 8. 3. 77. 36. 204. M. 11. 63.] [ Footnote: 4) Ib. 23-1, 8; 31. 12.] [ Footnote: 5) Ib. 93. 10-17.] [ Footnote: 6) Ib. 150. 153; 174. 24; 176. 1-33.] [ Footnote: 7) Ib. 176. 5.] [ Footnote: 8) Ib. 265. 39; 253. 27.] [ Footnote: 9) Ib. 250. 2; 268. 18.] [ Footnote: 10) Ib. 91. 1-10.] [ Footnote: 11) Br. II. 23. 39, 69-73.] [ Footnote: 12) Vā. 51. 14-21.] [ ID=16766 ]

### Adjectival, Relational, or Morphological Forms (3 definitions)
- feminine of soma  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1B) [Printed book page 1249,3] सोमी (somī) ( ई (ī) ), f. g. गौरा (gaurā) दि (di) [ ID=252735 ]
- relating to Soma  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > सोम (soma) mfn. relating to Soma ( prob. w.r. for सौम (sauma) ), Kāṭh. [ ID=252738 ]
- together with Uma  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 1251,2] 2. सो (so) म (ma) mfn. ( prob. ) together with Umā, IndSt. [ ID=253215 ]

### Abstract Concepts (Sky, Monday, One) (2 definitions)
- Monday  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > Monday (= सोम - वार (soma-vāra) ), Inscr. [ ID=252720 ]
- heaven, sky, ether  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > heaven, sky, ether, L. [ ID=252737 ]

### Soma in Ritual Context (2 definitions)
- a Soma sacrifice  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a Soma sacrifice, AitĀr. [ ID=252718 ]
- a day destined for extracting the soma juice  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a day destined for extracting the Soma-juice, ĀśvŚr. [ ID=252719 ]

### Soma Plant and its Juice/Extract (2 definitions)
- the Soma plant  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1B) [Printed book page 1249,3] सोमा (somā) ( आ (ā) ), f. the Soma plant, L. [ ID=252731 ]
- the famous plant used for preparing the libation at Vedic sacrifices  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > सोम (soma) [Printed book page 2-474 ] Soma was the famous plant which was used for the prepara- tion of the libation of Soma made at the Vedic sacrifice. Its importance is sufficiently shown by the fact that the whole of the ninth Maṇḍala of the Rigveda, and six hymns in other Maṇḍalas, are devoted to its praise. Nevertheless, little is actually known of the plant. Its twigs or shoots are described as brown ( babhru ), 1 ruddy ( aruṇa ), 2 of tawny ( hari ). 3 Possibly its twigs hang down if the epithet Naicāśākha 4 refers to the plant as Hillebrandt 5 thinks. The shoot is called aṃśu, 6 while the plant as a whole is called andhas, 7 which also denotes the juice. 8 Parvan 9 is the stem. Kṣip, 10 ‘finger,’ is used as a designation of the shoots, which may therefore have resembled fingers in shape; vakṣaṇā 11 and vāṇa 12 also seem to have the sense of the shoot. There is some slight. evidence to suggest that the stem was not round, but angular. 13 Page2-475+ 61 The plant grew on the mountains, 14 that of Müjavant being specially renowned. These notices are inadequate to identify the plant. It has been held 15 to be the Sarcostemma viminale or the Asclepias acida (= Sarcostemma brevistigma). Roth 16 held that the Sarcostemma acidum more nearly met the requirements of the case. Watt 17 suggested the Afghan grape as the real Soma, and Rice 18 thought a sugar-cane might be meant, while Max Müller and Rājendralāla Mitra suggested that the juice was used as an ingredient in a kind of beer — i.e., that the Soma plant was a species of hop. Hillebrandt 19 considers that neither hops nor the grape can explain the references to Soma. It is very probable that the plant cannot now be identified. 20 In the Yajurveda 21 the plant is purchased ere it is pressed. Hillebrandt 22 considers that the sale must be assumed for the Rigveda. It grew on a mountain, and could not be obtained by ordinary people: perhaps some special tribe or prince owned it, like the Kīkaṭas. 23 As it stands, the ritual perform- ance is clearly an acquisition of the Soma from the Gandharvas (represented by a Śūdra), a ritual imitation of the action which may have been one of the sources of the drama. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining the real plant from a great Page2-476+ 61 distance, several substitutes were allowed in the Brāhmaṇa period. 24 The plant was prepared for use by being pounded with stones or in a mortar. The former was the normal method of pro- cedure, appearing in the Rigveda as the usual one. The stones are called grāvan 25 or adri, 26 and were, of course, held in the hands. 27 The plant was laid on boards one beside the other ( Adhiṣavana ), and, according at least to the later ritual, 28 a hole was dug below, so that the pounding of the plant by means of the stones resulted in a loud noise, doubtless a prophylactic against demoniac influences. The plant was placed on a skin and on the Vedi 29 — which was no longer done in the later ritual — Dhiṣaṇā in some passages denoting the Vedi. 30 Sometimes the mortar and pestle were used in place of the stones. 31 This use, though Iranian, was apparently not common in Vedic times. [ Footnote: 1) The word is not actually found applied to the plant itself; but the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, ix. 5, 3, pre- scribes arjunāni, plants of this indefinite colour, as a substitute for Soma, if Pūtīkas cannot be obtained.] [ Footnote: 2) Rv. vii. 98, 1; x. 94, 3; 144, 5. Cf. Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, iv. 5, 10, 1 et seq. ] [ Footnote: 3) Rv. ix. 92, 1. The Soma cow, with which Soma was purchased, is called babhru or aruṇā, Śatapatha Brāh- maṇa, iii. 3, 1, 15; Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā, iii. 7, 5, etc.] [ Footnote: 4) Rv. iii. 53, 14. Cf. Naicāśākha. ] [ Footnote: 5) Vedische Mythologie, 1, 14-18; 2, 241-245.] [ Footnote: 6) Rv. i. 168, 3 iii. 48, 2, etc.] [ Footnote: 7) Rv. i. 28, 7; iii. 48, 1; iv. 16, 1, etc.] [ Footnote: 8) ii. 14, 1; 19, 1; 35, 1. etc.] [ Footnote: 9) Rv. i. 9, 1. Cf. parus, Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, iii. 7, 13; Vaitāna Sūtra, 24.] [ Footnote: 10) Rv. ix. 79, 4. Cf., however, Pischel, Vedische Studien, 1, 70.] [ Footnote: 11) Rv. viii. 1, 17.] [ Footnote: 12) Rv. iv. 24, 9; ix. 50, 1. But these passages are both very doubtful. Cf. Vāṇa. The husk left after the press- ing is called andhas (ix. 86, 44; vavri (ix. 69, 9), tvac (ix. 86, 44; Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa, iii. 7, 13, 1), śarīva ( ibid., 2), śarya (ix. 68, 2), tānva (ix. 78, 1).] [ Footnote: 13) Cf. pṛṣṭhya in Rv. iv. 20, 4; Hille brandt, 1, 54, 55.] [ Footnote: 14) Rv. i. 93, 6; iii. 48, 2; v. 36, 2; 43, 4; 85, 2; ix. 18, 1; 46, 1; 71, 4; 82, 3; Av. iii. 21, 10. So in the Avesta, Yasna, x. 4, etc.] [ Footnote: 15) Lassen, Indische Alterthumskunde, 1^2, 931; Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 5, 261 et seq. Cf. Haug, Aitareya Brahmaṇa, 2, 489; Max Müller, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 9, liv.] [ Footnote: 16) Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgen- ländischen Gesellschaft, 35, 680 et seq. Cf. also 38, 134 et seq. ] [ Footnote: 17) See Hillebrandt, 1, 7 et seq. ] [ Footnote: 18) Ibid., 10.] [ Footnote: 19) Ibid., 12. The dispute between Max Müller, Roth, J. G. Baker, W. T. Thiselton Dyer, Charles G. Leland, and A. Houtum-Schindler, as to the identity of the plant, is reprinted in Max Müller's Biographies of Words, 222 et seq., and reviewed by Hillebrandt. See also Eggeling, Sacred Books of the East, 26, xxiv. et seq., who thinks that the traditional identification is not far wrong. Caland, Altindisches Zauberritual, 188, gives it as Sarcostemma acidum. ] [ Footnote: 20) The original Soma plant was, doubtless, identical with the Haoma of the Avesta. On the plant from which the present Parsis of Kermān and Yezd obtain their Hūm juice, and which they regard as identical with the Avestic Haoma, see Eggeling, Sacred Books of the East, 26, xxiv et seq. ] [ Footnote: 21) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, iii. 3, 1, 1 et seq.; Hillebrandt, 1, 89 et seq. ] [ Footnote: 22) Ibid., 70.] [ Footnote: 23) Rv. iii. 53, 14.] [ Footnote: 24) See Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, iv. 5, 10, 1-6, and cf. Eggeling, Sacred Books of the East, 26, xxvii; Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, ix. 5, 3.] [ Footnote: 25) i. 83, 6; 135, 7, etc.] [ Footnote: 26) i. 130, 2; 135, 5; 137, 1, etc. Adri is used oftener with the verb su, ‘press,’ than grāvan, which is more personally conceived, and so appears with vad, ‘speak,’ and so forth; Hille- brandt, 1, 153, n. 1.] [ Footnote: 27) Rv. v. 45, 7; ix. 11, 5; x. 76, 2, etc.] [ Footnote: 28) Kātyāyana Śrauta Sūtra, iv. 4, 28; that ākhara, Rv. x. 94, 5, denotes this is uncertain.] [ Footnote: 29) Rv. v. 31, 12.] [ Footnote: 30) Rv. i. 109, 3; iii. 2, 1; vi. 11, 3, etc.] [ Footnote: 31) Rv. i. 28. The pestle is manthā, the mortar ulūkhala; in x. 101, 11, vanaspati and vana may have the same senses respectively.] [ ID=3673 ]

### Nectar / Divine Beverage (1 definition)
- nectar  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > nectar, L. [ ID=252721 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546