# तपस् (tapas) Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/tapas तपस् (tapas) is a Sanskrit word meaning warmth, heat, pain, suffering, father of Manyu, the month intervening between winter and spring, the hot season, the 9th lunar mansion. Its 59 recorded definitions are grouped into 9 contexts, among them Religious Austerity, Penance, Asceticism, A Specific Month or Season, Heat, Warmth, Fire. - **Root:** तप् (tap) - **Etymology:** E. तप् to heat or inflame, affix असुन् — E. tap to heat or inflame, affix asun - **SLP1:** `tapas` **IAST:** tapas **Devanagari:** तपस् - **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapas_%28Indian_religions%29 - **Declensions:** 72 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/tapas/declensions.md ## Meanings by context ### Religious Austerity, Penance, Asceticism (19 definitions) - religious austerity, bodily mortification, penance, or severe meditation *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > religious austerity, bodily mortification, penance, severe meditation, special observance ( e.g. ‘sacred learning’ with Brāhmans, ‘protection of subjects’ with Kṣatriyas, ‘giving alms to Brāhmans’ with Vaiśyas, ‘service’ with Śūdras, and ‘feeding upon herbs and roots’ with Ṛṣis, Manu-smṛti (Title) xi, 236 ), Ṛg-veda (Title) ix, 113, 2 [ ID=82702 ] - Penance, religious austerity *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 3 Penance, religious austerity, mortification; तपः किलेदं तदवाप्तिसाधनं (tapaḥ kiledaṃ tadavāptisādhanaṃ) Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 5. 64 - Meditation connected with the practice of personal self-denial or bodily mortification. *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 4 Meditation connected with the practice of personal selfdenial or bodily mortification - the influence of religious penance *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — अनुभावः (anubhāvaḥ) the influence of religious penance - undergoing penance *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — कर (kara) a. undergoing ( pb ) penance; also तपस्कर (kara) (tapaskara) - 1. Rich in religious penance. 2. Pious or ascetic. 3. Consisting of penance. *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — धन (dhana) a. 1 rich in religious penance. 2 pious, ascetic. 3 consisting in penance, ( - rich in penance, an ascetic, or a devotee *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — नः (naḥ) ) ‘rich in penance’, an ascetic, devotee; रम्यास्तपोधनानां क्रियाः (ramyāstapodhanānāṃ kriyāḥ) Śakuntalā (Bombay) 1. 13; शमप्रधानेषु तपोधनेषु (śamapradhāneṣu tapodhaneṣu) 2. 7; 4. 1; Śiśupālavadha 1. 23; Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 14. 19; Manusmṛti 11. 242 - an eminently pious man or an ascetic *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — निधिः (nidhiḥ) an eminently pious man, an ascetic; Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 1. 56 - performing penance *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — निष्ठ (niṣṭha) a. performing penance - the power acquired by religious austerities or the efficacy of devotion *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — प्रभावः, - बलं (prabhāvaḥ, -balaṃ) the power acquired by religious austerities; efficacy or potency of devotion - ascetic, pious *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — भृत् (bhṛt) a. ascetic, pious - an ascetic *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — राशिः (rāśiḥ) an ascetic - excellence of devotion or pre-eminent religious austerities *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — विशेषः (viśeṣaḥ) excellence of devotion, pre-eminent religious austerities - very ascetic or devout *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — वृद्ध (vṛddha) a. very ascetic or devout - inclined to practice penance *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — शील (śīla) a. inclined to practise penance - the practice of penance or religious austerities *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — समाधिः (samādhiḥ) the practice of penance or religious austerities; Kumārasambhava (Bombay) 3. 24; 5. 6, 18 - 1. The month of Magha, corresponding to January and February. 2. The cold or dewy season. 3. The hot season. 4. Religious austerity, penance, or self-denial. 5. A world inhabited by saints or devotees after death. 6. Virtue or moral merit. 7. Duty or the special observance required of a class or stage of life. *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तप (tapa) स् (tapas) [Printed book page 366 ] तप (tapa) स् (tapas) m. ( - पाः (-pāḥ) ) 1 The name of a month, Māgha, (January-February.) 2 The cold or dewy season. 3 The hot season. n. ( - पः (-paḥ) ) 1 Religious austerity, penance, mortification, the practice of mental or personal self-denial, or the infliction of bodily tortures. 2 A world, the region above the Janaloka, inhabited by saints or devotees after death. 3 Virtue, moral merit. 4 Duty, the special observance of certain things: thus the Tapas of a Brahman is sacred learning; of a Kṣatriya, the protection of subjects; of a Vaiśya, almsgiving to Brahmans; of a Śūdra, the service of the same tribe; and of a Ṛṣi or saint, feeding upon herbs and roots. E. तप (tapa) to heat or inflame, affix असुन (asuna). [ ID=17037 ] - 1. Religious austerity, virtue, or duty. 2. The months of January and February, or the dewy and hot season. 3. One of the Hindu heavens. *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 323-a ] तपस् (tapas) ( पाः ) ((pāḥ)) 5. n. Religious austerity; virtue, duty; Māgha (January and February); dewy or hot season; one of the Hindu heavens. [ ID=16508 ] - 1. The month of Magha, corresponding to January and February. 2. The cold or dewy season. 3. The hot season. 4. Religious austerity, penance, or self-denial. 5. A celestial world above Janaloka inhabited by saints and devotees. 6. Virtue or moral merit. 7. Duty or special observance. *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 304-b ] तपस् (tapas) m. ( - पाः (-pāḥ) ) 1. The name of a month, Magha, (January February.) 2. The cold or dewy season. 3. The hot season. n. ( - पः (-paḥ) ) 1. Religious austerity, penance, mortification, the practice of mental or personal self-denial, or the infliction of bodily tortures. 2. A world, the region above the Janaloka, inhabited by saints or devotees after death. 3. Virtue, moral merit. 4. Duty, the special observance of certain things: thus the Tapas of a Brahman is sacred learning; of a Kshetrya, the protection of subject; of a Vaisya, almsgiving to Brahmans; of a Sudra, the service of the same tribe; and of a Rishi or saint, feeding upon herbs and roots. E. तप् (tap) to heat or inflame, affix असुन् (asun). [ ID=17020 ] ### A Specific Month or Season (10 definitions) - the month intervening between winter and spring *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > ( m., L. ) N. of a month intervening between winter and spring, VS.; Taittirīya-saṃhitā (Title) i; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (Title) iv; Suśr.; Pāṇini (Author) iv, 4, 128, Vārtt. 2, Pat.; Śiśupāla-vadha (Title) vi, 63 [ ID=82704 ] - the hot season *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > the hot season, L., Sch. [ ID=82705 ] - The month of religious austerities. *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 8 The month of religious austerities - The month of Magha *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 1 The month of Māgha; तपसि (tapasi) मंदगभस्तिरभीषुमान् (maṃdagabhastirabhīṣumān) Śiśupālavadha 6. 63 - The cold season *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 1 The cold season; ( शिशिर (śiśira) ) - The winter *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 2 The winter ( हेमंत (hemaṃta) ) - The hot season *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 3 The hot season ( ग्रीष्म (grīṣma) ) - The month of Magha *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) (II) m. The month of Māgha, तपसि मंदगभस्तिरभीषुमान् (tapasi maṃdagabhastirabhīṣumān) Sis. vi.63. [ ID=15232 ] - 1. The cold season. 2. Winter. 3. The hot season. *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) (III) m.n. 1. The cold season ( शिशिर (śiśira) ); 2. the winter ( हेमंत (hemaṃta) ); 3. the hot season ( ग्रीष्म (grīṣma) ). [ ID=15233 ] - See Masa *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 1-299 ] Tapas, Tapasya. See Māsa. [ ID=1108 ] ### Heat, Warmth, Fire (9 definitions) - warmth, heat *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > (H2) [Printed book page 437,1] तपस् (tapas) n. warmth, heat ( पञ्च तपांसि (pañca tapāṃsi), the 5 fires to which a devotee exposes himself in the hot season, viz. 4 fires lighted in the four quarters and the sun burning from above, Manu-smṛti (Title) vi, 23; R.; Bhāgavata-purāṇa (Title) iv; BrahmaP.; cf. Raghuvaṃśa (Title) xiii, 41 ), RV.; AV.; VS.; ŚāṅkhŚr. [ ID=82700 ] - Warmth, heat, or fire *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 1 Warmth, heat, fire - an epithet of Agni *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 2 An epithet of Agni. — m., — n - 1. Heat or fire. 2. Torment, penance, or religious austerity. 3. A month corresponding to January and February. *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 107-1 ] तपस् (tapas) táp-as, n. heat; fire ( of which there are five, the four directed towards the cardinal points and the sun ); torment; penance, self-castigation, mortification, religious austerity, devotion; N. of a month ( Jan. — Feb. ); N. of one of the seven words (situated above Janas). [ ID=8400 ] - 1. Warmth or heat. 2. Pain or suffering. 3. Penance or austerity. 4. Meditation connected with self-denial. 5. Moral virtue or merit. 6. The special duty of a caste. 7. One of the seven worlds, located above the Janas world. *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 303-14 ] तपस् (tapas) (I) n. 1. Warmth, heat; 2. pain, suffering; 3. penance, austerity, mortification, M. ii.86; 4. meditation connected with the practice of self-denial; 5. moral virtue, merit; 6. special duty of any particular caste; 7. one of the seven worlds, viz., that above the world called जनस् (janas). [ ID=15231 ] - 1. Fire. 2. Penance, religious austerity, or devotion. 3. The month of January to February. *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0354-a ] तपस् (tapas) tap + as, n. 1. Fire, Man. 6, 23. 2. Penance, mortification, religious austerity, devotion, Man. 1, 33. 3. The name of a month, January — February, Suśr. 1, 19, 8. — Comp. A-, adj. one who does not practise austerities, Man. 4, 190. Dīrgha-, adj. practising long- lasting austerities, Rām. 1, 59, 11 Gorr. Pañcatapas, i. e. pañcan-, adj. sitting exposed to five fires, i. e. four blazing around him with the sun above, Man. 6, 23. Mahā-, or su-tapas, adj. one who has practised great religious aus- terities, Chr. 39, 4. Su-mahā-, adj. one who has practised very great reli- gious austerities, Chr. 11, 23. [ ID=5715 ] - 1. Warmth, heat, or ardour. 2. Pain or grief. 3. Religious austerity, penance, or meditation. 4. A certain month or season. *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 198 ] तपस् (tapas) n. warmth, heat, ardour; pain, grief; religious austerity, penance, meditation; (*m.) a cert. month or season. [ ID=11965 ] - 1. Heat or fire. 2. Asceticism, penance, or religious devotion. *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 162-b ] tápas, n. —1. heat, fire; —2. voluntary suffering ( see tap 3, 4), self-castigation, self-torture ( 64 21 ), mortification, asceticism, devotion. [ √tap. ] [ ID=1724 ] - 1. Warmth, heat, or fire. 2. Pain or suffering. 3. Religious austerity, penance, mortification, or self-denial, including associated meditation. 4. Moral virtue or merit. 5. Special observance or duty of a particular caste. 6. A particular month of the cold season between winter and spring. 7. One of the seven upper worlds inhabited by saints or devotees after death. 8. The ninth lunar mansion. 9. A long period of time or a Kalpa. 10. The cold, dewy season, winter, or the hot season. *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0363-b ] Tapas, as, n. warmth, heat, fire, ( pañca tapāṃsi, the five fires to which an ascetic is exposed in the hot season, viz. four fires lighted in the several quarters and the sun burning from above); pain, suffering; religious austerity, penance, mortification, the practice of mental or personal self-denial or the infliction of bodily tortures; the meditation connected with such a practice; moral virtue, merit; special observance or duty of any particular caste (e. g. the Tapas of a Brāhman is sacred learning; of a Kṣa- triya, the protection of subjects; of a Vaiśya, giving alms to Brāhmans; of a Śūdra, service; and of a Ṛṣi or saint, feeding upon herbs and roots); a particular month of the cold season intervening between winter and spring (= Māgha or January- February, the month of religious austerities; cf. ta- pasya ); one of the seven worlds, the region above the Jana-loka, inhabited by saints or devotees after death [cf. tapo-loka ]; (in astrology) the ninth lunar mansion, = dharma; N. of a long period of time, a Kalpa; ( ās, as ), m. n. the cold or dewy season ( = śiśira ); the winter ( = himartu ); the hot season. —Tapaḥ-kara, as, ā, am, undergoing religious austerities or penance &c. ( as ), m. a kind of fish, Polynemus Risua or Paradiseus, (this fish is also called Tapasyā-matsya); [cf. tapas-vin. ] —Tapaḥ- kṛśa, as, ā, am emaciated by austerities. —Tapaḥ- kleśa-saha, as, ā, am, patient of austerities, enduring the pain of penance. —Tapaḥ-prabhāva, as, m. the efficacy of devotion. —Tapaḥ-śīla, as, ā, am, in- clined to religious austerities. —Tapaḥ-samādhi, is, m. the practice of penance. —Tapaḥ-sādhya, as, ā, am, to be accomplished by penance. —Tapaḥ-siddha, as, ā, am, accomplished by penance. —Tapaḥ-sthalī, f. ‘the seat of religious austerity or piety,’ a N. of Benares. —Tapaś-caraṇa, am, n. or tapaś-caryā, f. the practice of penance. —Tapaś-cit, t, t, t, accu- mulating religious merit by austerities; ( tas ), m. pl., N. of a class of deities; tapaścitām ayanam, N. of a religious ceremony which lasts several days. —Tapaso-mūrti, is, m., N. of one of the seven sages in the twelfth Manv-antara; [cf. tapo-mūrti. ] —Tapas-takṣa, as, m. ‘destroying religious penance,’ an epithet of Indra as disturbing the austerities of ascetics lest they should acquire too great power; (other authorities explain the word ‘emaciating himself by his devotions;’ and others read tapas-taṅka, ‘afraid of austerities’ or ‘the axe of austerities.’) —Tapas-tīrtha, am, n., N. of a place of pilgrimage. —Tapas-pati, is, m. the lord of penance. —Tapas-vat, ān, atī, at, Ved. burning, hot; ascetic, devout; [cf. tapo-vat. ] —Tapasvi-tā, f. devout austerity, religious penance, bodily morifica- tion. —Tapas-vin, ī, inī, i, distressed, wretched, poor, miserable, pitiable; practising austerities, de- vout; a mendicant, a pauper; an ascetic, a religious man engaged in the practice of rigorous and devout penance; ( ī ), m., N. of a son of Manu Cākṣuṣa and Naḍvalā; N. of one of the seven sages of the twelfth Manv-antara; an epithet of Nārada; the mango fish, Polynemus Risua [cf. tapaḥ-kara ]; N. of a tree, a kind of Karañja ( ghṛta-karañja ); ( inī ), f. a female devotee, a woman leading a re- ligious life; a poor wretched woman; spikenard, Valeriana Jaṭāmānsi; another plant, Helleborus Niger, = kaṭu-rohiṇī; also = mahā-śrāvaṇikā. —Tapa- svi-pattra, as, m., N. of a plant, = damanaka; [cf. tapo-dhana. ] —Tapo-jā, ās, ās, am, Ved. born from heat; one who practises religious austerities. —Tapo- da, as, ā, am, granting piety; ( am ), n., N. of a Tīrtha in Magadha. —Tapo-dāna, am, n., N. of a Tīrtha. —Tapo-dhana, as, ā, am, rich in religious penance; ascetic, pious; a very treasure of mortifica- tions and austerities, a devotee, an ascetic, performing religious penance; consisting in religious penance; Page0363-c+ 81 granting religious merit or piety; ( as ), m., N. of a son of Manu Tāmasa; N. of a plant, = damanaka, commonly davaṇā, Artemisia [cf. tapasvi-pattra ]; ( ā ), f. the plant Sphæranthus Mollis, = muṇḍīrī, commonly muṇḍī. —Tapo-dharma, as, m., N. of a son of the thirteenth Manu. —Tapo-dhāman, a, n. ‘the abode of penance,’ N. of a place of pilgrimage. —Tapo-dhṛti, is, m., N. of one of the seven sages of the twelfth Manv-antara. —Tapo-nitya, as, ā, am, devoting one's self uninterruptedly to religious auste- rities or penance; ( as ), m., N. of a man with the patronymic Pauruśiṣṭi. —Tapo-nidhi, is, m. a treasury of religious austerities and penance, a very treasure of merit derived from self-mortification, an eminently pious man. —Tapo-niṣṭha, as, ā, am, performing penance, practising austerities. —Tapo- 'nubhāva (°pas-an°), as, m. the influence of re- ligious penance. —Tapo-bala, am, n. the power acquired by religious austerities. —Tapo-bhaṅga, as, m. interruption of religious penance. —Tapo- bhṛt, t, t, t, undergoing penance, ascetic, pious; an ascetic, a pious man. —Tapo-maya, as, ī, am, con- sisting in religious penance, containing it; practising austerities, devout. —Tapo-mūrti, is, f. an incarna- tion of religious austerity or penance; an ascetic; ( is ), m., N. of one of the seven sages of the twelfth Manv-antara; [cf. tapaso-mūrti. ] —Tapo-mūla, as, ā, am, founded on religious austerity or penance; ( as ), m., N. of a son of Manu Tāmasa. —Tapo- yukta, as, ā, am, employed in penitential exercises, ascetic, pious. —Tapo-rati, is, is, i, rejoicing in re- ligious austerity; ( is ), m., N. of a son of Manu Tāmasa. —Tapo-ravi, is, m. ‘the sun of the ascetics,’ N. of one of the seven sages in the twelfth Manv- antara. —Tapo-rāja, as, m. ‘king of penance,’ the moon. —Tapo-rāśi, is, m. ‘a heap of religious austerities;’ an ascetic. —Tapo-loka, as, m. one of the seven worlds, that which is situated above the Jana-loka; [cf. tapas. ] —Tapo-vaṭa, as, m. ‘en- closure or district of religious penance,’ a N. applied to Brahmāvarta, i. e. the holy land situated in central India. —Tapo-vat, ān, atī, at, ascetic, pious; [cf. tapas-vat. ] —Tapo-vana, as, m. ‘penance-grove,’ a sacred grove in which ascetics perform their re- ligious austerities. —Tapo-vāsa, as, m. a place of religious austerity. —Tapo-viśeṣa, as, m. excellence of devotion. —Tapo-vṛddha, as, ā, am, rich in religious austerity or penance, very ascetic or pious. —Tapo-vrāta, as, m. a multitude of penances. —Tapo-'śana (°pas-aś°), as, ā, am, one whose food is religious austerity; ( as ), m., N. of one of the seven sages of the twelfth Manv-antara; also of a son of Manu Tāmasa. [ ID=20431 ] ### Cosmological or Astronomical Entity (7 definitions) - See po-loka for the definition. *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > = ° पो - लोक (°po-loka), Vedāntasāra (Title) 120 [ ID=82706 ] - the 9th lunar mansion *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > the 9th lunar mansion ( धर्म (dharma) ), Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhajjātaka (Title) i, 19; ix, 1 and 4 [ ID=82707 ] - an epithet of a Kalpa period *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > N. of a Kalpa period, Vāyu-purāṇa (Title) i, 21, 27. [ ID=82708 ] - One of the seven worlds, specifically the region above the world called Janas. *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 7 One of the seven worlds; i. e. the region above the world called जनस् (janas) - A long period of time, Kalpa. *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 9 A long period of time, Kalpa - the ninth lunar mansion *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 10 (In astr. ) The ninth lunar mansion. — m - the region above the world called Janas *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — लोकः (lokaḥ) the region above the world called जनस् (janas) ### Personification or Epithet (5 definitions) - father of Manyu *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > x (personified, 83, 2 f. & 101, 1, ‘father of Manyu’, RAnukr. ), AV. &c. [ ID=82703 ] - an epithet of Indra *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — तक्षः (takṣaḥ) an epithet of Indra - 1. An ascetic. 2. The Supreme spirit. *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — मूर्तिः (mūrtiḥ) 1 an ascetic. 2 the Supreme spirit - the moon *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — राजः (rājaḥ) the moon - 1. Mahapurusha. 2. Shiva. 3. Krishna or Vishnu. *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 674-2 ] Tapas 1 = Mahāpuruṣa (Mahāpuruṣastava).—Do. 2 = Śiva (1000 names 1 ).—Do. 3 = Kṛṣṇa (Viṣṇu): XII, 13143. [ ID=10762 ] ### Specific Places Associated with Tapas (4 definitions) - the Brahmavarta country *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — अवटः (avaṭaḥ) the Brahmāvarta country - a sacred grove where ascetics practice penance *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — वनं (vanaṃ) a penance-grove, a sacred grove in which ascetics practise penance; कृतं त्वयोपवनं (vanaṃ) (kṛtaṃ tvayopavanaṃ) तपोवनमिति प्रेक्षे (tapovanamiti prekṣe) Śakuntalā (Bombay) 1; Raghuvaṃśa (Bombay) 1. 90, 2. 18 - a place of penance or religious austerities *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — वासः (vāsaḥ) a place of penance or religious austerities - 1. A seat of religious austerity. 2. The city of Benares. *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — स्थली (sthalī) 1 a seat of religious austerity. 2 N. of Benares. [ ID=14397 ] ### Pain, Suffering (3 definitions) - pain, suffering *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)* > pain, suffering, Ṛg-veda (Title) vii, 82, 7 [ ID=82701 ] - Pain or suffering *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 2 Pain, suffering - the pain of religious austerity *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > — क्लेशः (kleśaḥ) the pain of religious austerity ### Moral Virtue, Merit (1 definition) - Moral virtue, merit *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 5 Moral virtue, merit ### Special Duty or Observance (1 definition) - Special duty or observance of a particular caste. *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary* > तपस् (tapas) [Printed book page 0530-b ] तपस् (tapas) n. [ तप् - असुन् (tap-asun) ] 6 Special duty or observance of any particular caste ## Sources Definitions from Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne. The Sanskrit Lexicon app for iPhone, iPad and Mac: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sanskrit-lexicon-dictionary/id6746787546