# उपग्रह (upagraha)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/upagraha

उपग्रह (upagraha) is a Sanskrit word meaning seizure, confinement, a prisoner, a handful of Kusha grass, adding, addition of a sound, used as a musical note at the end of a Saman chant, alteration or change. Its 18 recorded definitions are grouped into 10 contexts, among them Entries with Multiple Distinct Meanings, Peace Achieved by Complete Cession, Seizure, Confinement, or Prisoner.

- **Etymology:** E. उप near, ग्रह to take, अप् affix or ग्रह a planet, &c — E. upa near, graha to take, ap affix or graha a planet, &c
- **SLP1:** `upagraha`  **IAST:** upagraha  **Devanagari:** उपग्रह
- **Wikipedia:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upagraha
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/upagraha/declensions.md
- **Other headwords romanised the same way:** उपग्राह (upagrāha)

## Meanings by context

### Entries with Multiple Distinct Meanings (6 definitions)
- 1. A prisoner or creature in confinement. 2. Favour or encouragement. 3. Assistance. 4. Peace purchased by ceding everything. 5. Seizure. 6. The presiding spirit directing a planet's motion. 7. A minor planet or secondary heavenly body such as a comet or meteor. 8. A heap of kusa grass.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > उप (upa) ग्रह (graha) (upagraha) [Printed book page 153 ] उप (upa) ग्रह (graha) (upagraha) m. ( - हः (-haḥ) ) 1 A prisoner, a man or animal in confinement. 2 Favour, encouragement. 3 Assistance. 4 Peace purchased by the cession of every thing. 5 Seizure. 6 The presiding spirit or cause directing a planet's motion. 7 A minor planet or any heavenly body of a secondary kind, as a comet, a meteor, a falling star, &c. 8 A heap of kusa grass. E. उप (upa) near, ग्रह (graha) to take, अप् (ap) affix or ग्रह (graha) a planet, &c. [ ID=7318 ]
- 1. A prisoner. 2. Favor. 3. Seizure. 4. A secondary planet.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > उपग्रह (upagraha) [Printed book page 126-a ] उप - ग्रह (upa-graha) ( हः ) ((haḥ)) 1. m. A prisoner; favour; seizure; secondary planet. [ ID=6723 ]
- 1. Confinement. 2. A prisoner. 3. Favour or encouragement. 4. Joining or annexing. 5. A minor planet.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > उपग्रह (upagraha) [Printed book page 136-26 ] उपग्रह (upagraha) m. 1. Confinement; 2. a prisoner; 3. favour, encouragement; 4. joining, annexing; 5. a minor planet, (e.g. राहु (rāhu), केतु (ketu) ). [ ID=6687 ]
- 1. A prisoner or creature in confinement. 2. Favour or encouragement. 3. Assistance. 4. Peace purchased by the cession of everything. 5. Seizure. 6. The spirit or cause directing a planet's motion. 7. A minor planet, comet, meteor, or falling star. 8. A heap of kusa grass.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > उप (upa) ग्रह (graha) (upagraha) [Printed book page 126-a ] उप (upa) ग्रह (graha) (upagraha) m. ( - हः (-haḥ) ) 1. A prisoner, a man or animal in confinement. 2. Favour, encouragement. 3. Assistance. 4. Peace purchased by the cession of every thing. 5. Seizure. 6. The presiding spirit or cause directing a planet's motion. 7. A minor planet or any heavenly body of a secondary kind, as a comet, a meteor, a falling star, &c. 8. A heap of kusa grass. E. उप (upa) near, ग्रह (graha) ् (grah) to take, अप् (ap) affix or ग्रह (graha) a planet, &c. [ ID=7315 ]
- taking possession of, annexing, or winning over  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > उपग्रह (upagraha) [Printed book page 088 ] उपग्रह (upagraha) m. taking possession of, annexing, winning over. [ ID=5692 ]
- 1. Seizure, confinement, or a prisoner. 2. Subjoining or annexing. 3. Appeasing, favour, encouragement, or assistance. 4. Peace purchased by ceding everything. 5. The voice or pada of a verb. 6. A heap of Kusha grass. 7. The presiding spirit or cause directing a planet's motion. 8. A minor planet or secondary heavenly body such as a comet, meteor, or falling star.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > उपग्रह (upagraha) [Printed book page 0161-c ] Upa-graha, as, m. seizure, confinement; a prisoner; subjoining, annexing; making favourable, appeasing, favour, encouragement, assistance; peace purchased by the cession of everything; the voice or pada of a verb; a heap of Kuśa grass; the presiding spirit or cause directing a planet's motion; (with upa implying in- feriority) a minor planet or any heavenly body of a secondary kind, as a comet, a meteor, a falling star, &c. [ ID=11326 ]

### Peace Achieved by Complete Cession (2 definitions)
- a kind of peace purchased by the cession of everything  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a kind of Sandhi or peace (purchased by the cession of everything), Kām.; Hit. [ ID=34397 ]
- peace bought by cording everything  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > उपग्रह (upagraha) [Printed book page 052-2 ] उपग्रह (upagraha) upa-graha, m. treaty or peace bought by the cession of everything. [ ID=4669 ]

### Seizure, Confinement, or Prisoner (2 definitions)
- seizure, confinement  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 197,1] 1. उप - ग्रह (upa-graha) m. (for 2. See s.v. ) seizure, confinement, L. [ ID=34390 ]
- a prisoner  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a prisoner, L. [ ID=34391 ]

### Technical Grammatical Term (Pāṇinian) (2 definitions)
- adding, addition of a sound  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > adding, addition (of a sound) Comm. on Pāṇ. [ ID=34393 ]
- the voice or Pada of a verb  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the Pada or voice of a verb Comm. on Pāṇ. [ ID=34398 ]

### Alteration or Change (1 definition)
- alteration or change  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > alteration, change, Saṃhitā-upaniṣad-brāhmaṇa (Title) ii, 3 [ ID=34395 ]

### Favour, Propitiation, or Conciliation (1 definition)
- propitiation, conciliation, coaxing  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > propitiation, conciliation, coaxing, Daśar. [ ID=34396 ]

### Minor Planet or Secondary Heavenly Body (1 definition)
- 1. A minor planet or secondary heavenly body. 2. A comet, meteor, or falling star.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H1) [Printed book page 197,1] 2. उप (upa)- ग्रह (graha) (upa-graha) m. ( fr. ग्रह (graha) with उप (upa) implying inferiority), a minor planet or any heavenly body of a secondary kind, a comet, meteor, falling star &c., MBh. &c. [ ID=34405 ]

### Planetary Demon or Influencing Spirit (1 definition)
- a kind of demon causing diseases and presiding over the planets  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a kind of demon causing diseases (supposed to preside over the planets), Harivaṃśa (Title) 9562. [ ID=34399 ]

### Quantity of Kuśa Grass (1 definition)
- a handful of Kusha grass  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a handful (of Kuśa grass), Kāty. [ ID=34392 ]

### Technical Term in Sāman Chanting (1 definition)
- used as a musical note at the end of a Saman chant  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > an ए (e) used as Nidhana ( q.v. ) at the end of a Sāman, Lāṭyāyana (Author) vii, 8, 11 [ ID=34394 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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