# विपर्यय (viparyaya)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/viparyaya

विपर्यय (viparyaya) is a Sanskrit word meaning reversed, inverted, perverse, or contrary, turning round, revolution, running off, coming to an end, transposition, change, or alteration, inverted order or succession, the opposite. Its 22 recorded definitions are grouped into 9 contexts, among them Inversion, Contrariety, or The Opposite (Noun), Adverbial: On the contrary / Otherwise, Being Reversed, Inverted, Perverse, or Contrary (Adjectival/Qualitative).

- **SLP1:** `viparyaya`  **IAST:** viparyaya  **Devanagari:** विपर्यय
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/viparyaya/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### Inversion, Contrariety, or The Opposite (Noun) (5 definitions)
- 1. Transposition, change, or alteration. 2. Inverted order or succession. 3. The opposite.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > वि - पर्यय (vi-paryaya) m. transposition, change, alteration, inverted order or succession, opposite of ĀśvŚr.; Nir.; MBh. &c. ( e.g. बुद्धि - व् (buddhi-v) ° (°), the opposite opinion; स्वप्न - व् (svapna-v) ° (°), the opp. of sleep, state of being awake; संधि - विपर्ययौ (saṃdhi-viparyayau), peace and its opposite i.e. war; ° (°) यये (° (°)yaye) ind., ° (°) येन (° (°)yena) ind. and ° (°) यात् (° (°)yāt) ind. in the opp° (°) case, otherwise) [ ID=197705 ]
- change of opinion  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > change of opinion, Sāh. [ ID=197710 ]
- 1. Inversion or contrariety. 2. Change. 3. Absence or non-existence. 4. Exchange or barter. 5. Error, transgression, or mistake. 6. Misfortune or calamity. 7. Enmity. 8. Destruction or annihilation.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > विपर्यय (viparyaya) [Printed book page 668-15 ] विपर्यय (viparyaya) m. 1. Inversion, contrariety, श्रेयसेप्यस्य ते तात वचसो नास्मि भाजनम् । नभसः स्फुटतारस्य रात्रेरिव विपर्यय (viparyaya) ः (śreyasepyasya te tāta vacaso nāsmi bhājanam. nabhasaḥ sphuṭatārasya rātreriva viparyayaḥ) (i.e. day) Kir. xi.44; 2. change, समुद्रगारूपविपर्यय (viparyaya) ेऽपि (samudragārūpaviparyaye'pi) K.S. vii.42; 3. absence, non-existence, त्यागे श्लाघाविपर्यय (viparyaya) ः (tyāge ślāghāviparyayaḥ) R. i.22, K.S. vi.44; 4. exchange, barter; 5. error, transgression, mistake; 6. misfortune, calamity; 7. enmity; 8. destruction, annihilation. [ ID=35168 ]
- 1. Change. 2. A morbid change or failure. 3. Reverse or the contrary. 4. Error. 5. Trespass. 6. Overthrow. 7. Opposition or contrariety. 8. Perverseness of disposition. 9. Hostility.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > विपर्यय (viparyaya) [Printed book page 0860-b ] विपर्यय (viparyaya) viparyaya, i. e. vi-pari-i + a, m. 1. Change, Pañc. 37, 3. 2. A morbid change, Man. 11, 48; failure of conception, 3, 49; cf. Rām. 1, 47, 3. 3. Reverse, that which is contrary, opposite to something, Man. 4, 12; Kir. 11, 44; loc. ye, On the contrary, Rām. 2, 26, 34. 4. Error. 5. Trespass, Man. 8, 249. 6. Overthrow, Man. 4, 171. 7. Opposition, Vedāntas. in Chr. 218, 12; contrariety. 8. Perverseness of disposition. 9. Hostility. — Comp. Kar- maviparyaya, i. e. karman-, m. wrong Page0861-a+ 43 doing, Hit. ii. d. 100. Bhāgya-, and Vidhi-, m. misfortune, Vikr. 63, 19; 69, 9. [ ID=13419 ]
- 1. Reverse, inversion, or contrariety. 2. Inverted order or succession. 3. Perverseness, obstruction, or opposition. 4. Change, interchange, exchange, or trade. 5. Calamity, misfortune, or adverse fate. 6. Error, transgression, or mistake. 7. Misapprehension or failure of conception. 8. Enmity or hostility. 9. Overthrow or destruction.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > विपर्यय (viparyaya) [Printed book page 0927-b ] Vi-paryaya, as, m. reverse, inversion, contra- riety, ( viparyaye, on the contrary; rātrer vipar- yayaḥ, the contrary of night, i. e. day); inverted order or succession, perverseness, obstruction, opposi- tion; change, interchange, exchange, barter, ( dra- vya-v°, exchange of goods, buying and selling, trade); morbid change, reverse of fortune, calamity, mis- fortune, adverse fate; error, transgression, trespass; Page0927-c+ 71 misapprehension, mistake, failure of conception; per- verseness of disposition; change of purpose or conduct, enmity, hostility; overthrow, destruction, annihilation. [ ID=43230 ]

### Adverbial: On the contrary / Otherwise (3 definitions)
- otherwise  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2C) [Printed book page 974,2] वि - पर्यये (vi-paryaye) ind., in the opp° case, otherwise [ ID=197715.1 ]
- otherwise  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > वि - पर्ययेन (vi-paryayena) ind., in the opp° case, otherwise [ ID=197715.2 ]
- otherwise  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > वि - पर्ययात् (vi-paryayāt) ind., in the opp° case, otherwise [ ID=197715.3 ]

### Being Reversed, Inverted, Perverse, or Contrary (Adjectival/Qualitative) (3 definitions)
- reversed, inverted, perverse, or contrary  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 974,2] वि - पर्यय (vi-paryaya) mfn. reversed, inverted, perverse, contrary to ( gen. ), BhP. [ ID=197702 ]
- 1. Inverted or perverse. 2. Transposition, exchange, or alteration. 3. The opposite or reverse. 4. Mishap, calamity, or misfortune. 5. Error or wrong opinion.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > विपर्यय (viparyaya) [Printed book page 285-3 ] विपर्यय (viparyaya) vi-paryaya, a. ( rare, P. ) inverted; opposed to ( g. ); perverse; m. transposition, exchange; change, alteration; inversion, opposite ( e. g. saṃdhi-viparyayau, peace and its opposite = war; prabhāvasya-, opposite of strength = faint; buddhi —, opposite opinion); change for the worse, disfigurement; reverse, mishap, overthrow, calamity, misfortune ( rare ); perverseness; change of opinion ( rare ); wrong opinion or notion, error: lc. in the opposite case, otherwise. [ ID=16650 ]
- 1. Inverted or perverse. 2. The revolution of the sun or expiration of time. 3. Failure, overthrow, or inversion. 4. Opposition or the contrary. 5. Change, barter, or alteration, especially for the worse. 6. A reverse of fortune, calamity, or adversity. 7. Error or mistake.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > विपर्यय (viparyaya) [Printed book page 499 ] विपर्यय (viparyaya) a. inverted, perverse; m. revolution (of the sun), expiration (of a time); failure (of conception); overthrow, inversion; opposition, the contrary of ( gen. or —°); change, barter, alteration, esp. to the bad, reverse of fortune, calamity, ill luck, adversity; error, mistake. [ ID=29706 ]

### Error, Mistake, or Misapprehension (2 definitions)
- misapprehension or error  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > misapprehension, error, mistake, Mn.; BhP.; Sarvad. [ ID=197712 ]
- mistaking anything to be the reverse or opposite of what it is  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > mistaking anything to be the reverse or opposite of what it is, MW. [ ID=197713 ]

### Misfortune, Calamity, or Destruction (2 definitions)
- a calamity, misfortune, or reverse of fortune  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > change for the worse, reverse of fortune, calamity, misfortune, Mn.; MBh. &c. [ ID=197707 ]
- overthrow, ruin, loss, or destruction  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > overthrow, ruin, loss, destruction ( esp. of the world), Kāv. [ ID=197709 ]

### Perverseness, Enmity, or Hostility (2 definitions)
- perverseness  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > perverseness, R.; Kathās.; BhP. [ ID=197708 ]
- change of purpose or conduct, enmity, hostility  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > change of purpose or conduct, enmity, hostility, W. [ ID=197711 ]

### Revolution, Turning, or Termination (2 definitions)
- turning round, revolution  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > वि - पर्यय (vi-paryaya) m. turning round, revolution, Jyot. [ ID=197703 ]
- running off, coming to an end  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > running off, coming to an end, R. [ ID=197704 ]

### Specific Miscellaneous Meanings (2 definitions)
- shunning, avoiding  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > shunning, avoiding, Rāmāyaṇa (Title) vii, 63, 31 ( Sch. ) [ ID=197714 ]
- particular forms of intermittent fever  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of partic. forms of intermittent fever, Suśr. [ ID=197715 ]

### Exchange or Barter (1 definition)
- exchange or barter  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > वि - पर्यय (vi-paryaya) m. exchange, barter ( e.g. द्रव्य - व् (dravya-v) ° (°), exchange of goods, buying and selling, trade), MW. [ ID=197706 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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