# यम (yama)

Canonical page: https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/yama

यम (yama) is a Sanskrit word meaning a rein, curb, or bridle, a driver or charioteer, suppression or restraint, self-control, forbearance, or any major moral rule or duty, any rule or observance, twin-born or forming a pair. Its 77 recorded definitions are grouped into 15 contexts, among them Twin, Pair, Couple, Duality, or the Number Two, Restraint, Control, Moral/Religious Duty, Observance, Cessation, Yama as a Name/Epithet for Other Deities or Specific Beings.

- **Root:** यम् (yam)
- **Etymology:** E. यम् to restrain, &c., aff. अच्, घञ् or अप् । — E. yam to restrain, &c., aff. ac, ghañ or ap
- **SLP1:** `yama`  **IAST:** yama  **Devanagari:** यम
- **Declensions:** 48 forms — https://sanskritlexicon.com/word/yama/declensions.md

## Meanings by context

### Twin, Pair, Couple, Duality, or the Number Two (20 definitions)
- twin-born or forming a pair  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > यम (yama) mf( आ (ā) or ई (ī) )n. twin-born, twin, forming a pair, RV. &c. &c. [ ID=170388 ]
- a twin, one of a pair or couple  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > यम (yama) m. a twin, one of a pair or couple, a fellow ( du. ‘the twins’, N. of the Aśvins and of their twin children by Mādrī, called Nakula and Saha-deva; यम (yama) ौ मिथुनौ (yamau mithunau), twins of different sex), ib. [ ID=170389 ]
- a symbol for the number two  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a symbolical N. for the number ‘two’, Hcat. [ ID=170390 ]
- a pair, brace, or couple  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > यम (yama) n. a pair, brace, couple, L. [ ID=170397 ]
- Twin  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 0889-a ] यम (yama) a. [ यम (yama) ् - घञ् (yam-ghañ) ] 1 Twin, twinborn
- Coupled  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 0889-a ] यम (yama) a. [ यम (yama) ् - घञ् (yam-ghañ) ] 2 Coupled
- A twin  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 7 A twin; धर्मात्मजं प्रति यमौ च (dharmātmajaṃ prati yamau ca) ( i. e. नकुलसहदेवौ (nakulasahadevau) ) कथैव नास्ति (kathaiva nāsti) Veṇīsaṃhāra 2. 25; यमयोश्चैव (yamayoścaiva) गर्भेषु जन्मतो ज्येष्ठता मता (garbheṣu janmato jyeṣṭhatā matā) Manusmṛti 9. 126
- One of a pair or couple, a fellow  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 8 One of a pair or couple, a fellow
- A symbolical expression for the number two  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 11 A symbolical expression for the number ‘two’
- A pair or couple.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मं (maṃ) 1 A pair or couple
- 1. A twin or fellow. 2. Restraining or controlling. 3. Forbearance. 4. Cessation or conclusion. 5. Religious restraint or obligation. 6. Penance or purification. 7. A virtuous act such as non-violence, patience, and sincerity. 8. A festival. 9. A crow. 10. The planet Saturn. 11. Yama, the Hindu god of death and judge of the dead. 12. A pair or couple. 13. The Yamuna river.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) mfn. ( - मः (-maḥ)- मा - मं (-maṃ) (-maḥ-mā-maṃ) ) Twin, fellow, one of a pair or brace. m. ( - मः (-maḥ) ) 1 Restraining, controlling. 2 Forbearance, refraining. 3 Cessation, stop, conclusion, finish. 4 Religious restraint or obligation. 5 Penance, purification, the performance of those acts which remove impurity of any kind. 6 Any of the five acts or virtues, which constitute pure characters, as refraining from violence or injury, patience, sincerity, obedience to a spiritual teacher, and the observance of all purificatory ceremonies. 7 A festival. 8 A crow. 9 A name of the planet SATURN. 10 YAMA, the deity of Naraka or hell, where his capital is placed, in which he sits in judgment on the dead, and distributes rewards and punishments, sending the good to Svarga, and the wicked to the division of Naraka or Tartarus appropriated to their crimes: he corresponds with the Grecian god PLUTO, and the judge of hell MINOS, and in Hindu mythology is often identified with Death and Time: he is the son of SŪRYA or the sun, and brother of the personified YAMUNĀ or Jumna river. n. ( - मं (-maṃ) ) A brace, a couple, a pair. f. ( - मी (-mī) ) The Yamunā river. E. यम (yama) to restrain, &c., aff. अच् (ac) or अप् (ap). [ ID=31284 ]
- 1. Twin or one of a pair. 2. Yama, the god of death and hell. 3. Penance, restraint, or stop. 4. The Yamuna river. 5. A pair.  
  *Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 610-a ] यम (yama) ( मः - मा - मं ) ((maḥ-mā-maṃ)) a. Twin; one of a pair. m. Yama, Pluto, the god of hell; penance; restraint, stop. f. ( मी (mī) ) The Jumnā. n. A pair. [ ID=30845 ]
- 1. Restraint or self-control. 2. Observance of moral and religious duties. 3. The first step of Yoga. 4. A twin. 5. The god of death.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 594-01 ] यम (yama) (I) m. 1. Restraining, restraint; 2. self-control; 3. observance of several moral and religious duties which are variously enumerated; (usually they are enumerated as ten, but the order and the names are not the same everywhere; (1) ब्रह्मचर्यं दया क्षान्तिर्दानं सत्यम (yama) कल्कता । अहिंसास्तेयम (yama) ाधुर्ये दमश्चेति यम (yama) ाः स्मृताः (brahmacaryaṃ dayā kṣāntirdānaṃ satyamakalkatā. ahiṃsāsteyamādhurye damaśceti yamāḥ smṛtāḥ) Yaj. iii.313; (2) आनृशंस्यं दया सत्यम (yama) हिंसा क्श्जांतिरार्जवम् । प्रीतिः प्रसादो माधुर्यं मार्दवं च यम (yama) ा दश (ānṛśaṃsyaṃ dayā satyamahiṃsā kśjāṃtirārjavam. prītiḥ prasādo mādhuryaṃ mārdavaṃ ca yamā daśa) ( Atri. ); 3. the first of the eight steps of Yoga (in Yoga phil.); (See योगांग (yogāṃga) ); 4. a twin, one of the couple, यम (yama) योश्चैव गर्भेषु जन्मतो ज्येष्ठता स्मृता (yamayoścaiva garbheṣu janmato jyeṣṭhatā smṛtā) M. ix.126; 5. the god of death, son of Vivasvat, अनुययौ यम (yama) पुण्यजनेश्वरौ (anuyayau yamapuṇyajaneśvarau) R. ix.6. [ ID=31313 ]
- A pair or couple.  
  *Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) (II) n. A pair, a couple. [ ID=31314 ]
- 1. Twin, fellow, or one of a pair. 2. Restraining or controlling. 3. Forbearance. 4. Cessation or conclusion. 5. Religious restraint or obligation in Yoga. 6. Penance or purification. 7. Virtue or moral restraint. 8. A festival. 9. A crow. 10. The planet Saturn. 11. The deity of death, judgment, and the underworld, also identified with Time. 12. A brace or couple. 13. The Yamuna river.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 584-b ] यम (yama) mfn. ( - म (-ma) ः (-maḥ)- म (-ma) ा - म (-ma) ं (-maḥ-mā-maṃ) ) Twin, fellow, one of the pair or brace. m. ( - म (-ma) ः (-maḥ) ) 1. Restraining, controlling. 2. Forbearance, refraining. 3. Cessation, stop, conclusion, finish. 4. Religious restraint or obligation, considered the first of the eight steps of Yoga. 5. Penance, purification, the performance of those acts which remove impurity of any kind. 6. Any of the five acts or virtues, which constitute pure characters, as refraining from violence or injury, patience, sincerity, obedience to a spiritual teacher, and the observance of all purificatory ceremonies. 7. A festival. 8. A crow. 9. A name of the planet SATURN. 10. YAMA, the deity of Naraka or hell, where his capital is placed, in which he sits in judgment on the dead, and distributes rewards and punishments, sending the good to Swarga, and the wicked to the division of Naraka or Tartarus appropriated to their crimes: he corresponds with the Grecian god PLUTO, and the judge of hell MINOS, and in Hindu mythology often identified with Death and Time: he is the son of SŪRYA, or the sun, and brother of the personified YAMUNĀ or Jamunā river. n. ( - म (-ma) ) A brace, a couple, a pair. f. ( - म (-ma) ी (-mī) ) The Yamunā river. E. यम (yama) ् (yam) to restrain, &c., aff. अच्, घञ् (ac, ghañ) or अप् । (ap.) [ ID=32511 ]
- 1. A twin or one of a pair. 2. Restraining or taming of passion. 3. Moral duty. 4. Penance. 5. A festival. 6. Yama, the judge of the dead and god of death. 7. A crow. 8. The planet Saturn. 9. The Yamuna River.  
  *Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 0736-a ] यम (yama) yam + a, I. adj. sbst. Twin, one of a pair. du. The twins, Draup. 6, 29. II. m. 1. Restraining. 2. Taming of passion, Vedāntas. in Chr. 217, 14. Page0736-b+ 39 3. Moral duty, Man. 4, 204. 4. Pen- ance. 5. A festival. 6. Yama, the judge of the deceased ones, ruler of the infernal regions, Rām. 2, 54, 28; god of death, Pañc. 247, 8. 7. A crow. 8. A name of the planet Saturn. III. f. mī, The Yamunā. IV. n. A pair. — Comp. Kāla-anta + ka-, m. Yama, as all-destroying time, Rām. 3, 32, 5. [ ID=11712 ]
- 1. Paired or twin. 2. A twin or twins. 3. The god of death. 4. A pair. 5. A twin letter.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > 2 यम (yama) ( f. आ (ā) & ई (ī) ) paired, twin; m. a twin ( du. twins), N. of a god, either the Twin (with his sister यम (yama) ी (yamī) f. ) or the Restrainer, the god of death. n. pair, twin letter ( g. ) [ ID=25835 ]
- 1. Twin. 2. The god of death and ruler of the underworld.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > yamá, —1. a. paired, twin, geminus; as m. a twin; —2. The Twin, Yama, who, with Page224-b+ 50 his sister Yamī, constituted the first human pair, selection lxiii.; honored as father of mankind ( cf. also manu ) and as king of the spirits of the departed fathers (pitaras), see 83 8 N.; in later times, regarded as the ‘Restrainer’ ( √yam ) or ‘Punisher,’ and ruler of death and of the dead in the under-world, 7 11; —yamī́, f. Yamī, twin sister of Yama. [so Thomas, Hebrew teom, means ‘twin.’] [ ID=3414 ]
- Nakula and Sahadeva  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > Yama, dual ( °au ) (“the twins”) = Nakula and Sahadeva: I, 124, 2445 (born from the Aśvins), 3818, 4850 (born from the Aśvins), 4851, 5820, 5839, 5872, †7014, †7016, †7058, †7139, †7158, 7227, 7235, 7505, 7547, 7994; II, 38, 41, 557, 990, 1221, 1670, 1921, †2118, 2370, 2388, †2399, 2411, 2448; III, 275, 551, 894, †903, †918, †943, 1246, †1965, 1993, 8477, 10417, †10839, 10871, 10881 ( °yoḥ pūrvajaḥ, i.e. Arjuna), 11008, 11403, 11410, 11629, 11819, †12321, 12432, †12578, 13007, †14745, †14753, †14754, 14941, 15008, †15694, 15766, 17289, 17300; IV, 649, 1087, 1311, †2304; V, 57, 199, 619, 1959, 2215, 2916, 3177, 3200, 3403, 4887, 4949, 5232, 5642, 7598; VI, 1994, 3067, 3681, †3767, 4243, 4792, 4945, 5553; VII, †68, †81, 227, 578, 1743, 2950, 3050, †6726, 6899, 7013, 7732, 7754, 8544, 8552, 8644, 8645, 8690, 9007, 9133; VIII, 845, 1231, 1690 ( Mādrīputrau ), 1694, 1701, †1728, 2254, 2334, 2702, 2708, 3180, 3319, †3485, 3573, 3796, 4512, †4805; IX, 253, 566, 762, 1831; XII, 26, 51, 1175, 1695, 1914, 1921, 1929; XIV, 384, 1845, 1874 ( Mādrīputrau ), 2555, 2612; XV, 35, 333, 658, †663, 747, 1004; XVI, 284; XVII, 5, 20, 31 (only C.); XVIII, 36, 96, 118. Cf. Yamaja, dual. [ ID=12556 ]
- twins  
  *The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 2-186 ] Yama denotes ‘twins,’ the birth of which is frequently alluded to in Vedic literature. 1 Twins of different sex seem to be indicated by the expression yamau mithunau. 2 There are traces of the belief — widely spread among negro and other races — that twins are uncanny and of evil omen, 3 but there are also vestiges of the opposite opinion, that twins are lucky. 4 [ Footnote: 1) Rv. i. 66, 4; 164, 15; ii. 39, 2; iii. 39, 3; v. 57, 4; vi. 59, 2; x. 13, 2; 117, 9; Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, xvi. 4, 10, etc.] [ Footnote: 2) Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā, xiii. 4; Nirukta, xii. 10.] [ Footnote: 3) Av. iii. 28; Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, vii. 9, 8; Kātyāyana Śrauta Sūtra, xxv. 4, 35; Śāṅkhāyana Śrauta Sūtra, iii. 4, 14, etc. Cf. Yamasū; Yuktāśva. ] [ Footnote: 4) Taittirīya Saṃhitā, vii. 1, 1, 3; Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, xxiv. 12, 3; Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, v. 3, 1, 8, and cf. Rv. iii. 39, 3. Cf. Weber, Indische Studien, 17, 298- 300; Naxatra, 2, 314, n.] [ ID=2561 ]

### Restraint, Control, Moral/Religious Duty, Observance, Cessation (15 definitions)
- suppression or restraint  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > the act of checking or curbing, suppression, restraint (with वाचाम् (vācām), restraint of words, silence), BhP. [ ID=170384 ]
- Self-control, forbearance, or any major moral rule or duty.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > self-control forbearance, any great moral rule or duty (as opp. to नियम (niyama), a minor observance; in Yājñavalkya (Author) iii, 313 ten Yamas are mentioned, sometimes only five), Mn.; MBh. &c. [ ID=170385 ]
- self-restraint as the first means of attaining mental concentration in yoga  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in Yoga) self-restraint (as the first of the eight Aṅgas or means of attaining mental concentration), Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 93 [ ID=170386 ]
- any rule or observance  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > any rule or observance, PārGṛ. [ ID=170387 ]
- Restraining, controlling, curbing.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मः (maḥ) 1 Restraining, controlling, curbing
- Control, restraint  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मः (maḥ) 2 Control, restraint
- Self-control  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मः (maḥ) 3 Self-control
- Any great moral or religious duty or observance  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मः (maḥ) 4 Any great moral or religious duty or observance ( opp. नियम (yama) (niyama) ); तप्तं यम (yama) ेन (taptaṃ yamena) नियम (yama) (niyama) ेन तपोऽमुनैव (niyamena tapo'munaiva) Naiṣadhacarita 13. 16. ( यम (yama) and नियम (yama) (niyama) are thus distinguished:- शरीरसाधनापेक्षं नित्यं यत्कर्म तद्यम (yama) ः (maḥ) । नियम (yama) (niyama) स्तु (śarīrasādhanāpekṣaṃ nityaṃ yatkarma tadyamaḥ. niyamastu) स यत्कर्म नित्यम (yama) ागतुंसाधनं ॥ (sa yatkarma nityamāgatuṃsādhanaṃ..) Ak.; see Malli. on Śiśupālavadha 13. 23 and Kirātārjunīya 10. 10 also. The yamas are usually said to be ten, but their names are given differently by different writers; e. g. ब्रह्मचर्यं दया क्षांतिर्दानं (brahmacaryaṃ dayā kṣāṃtirdānaṃ) सत्यम (yama) कल्कता । अहिंसाऽस्तेयम (yama) ाधुर्ये दमश्चेति (satyamakalkatā. ahiṃsā'steyamādhurye damaśceti) यम (yama) ाः स्मृताः ॥ (yamāḥ smṛtāḥ..) Yājñavalkya (Mr. Mandlik’s Edition) 3. 313; or आनृशंस्यं (ānṛśaṃsyaṃ) दया सत्यम (yama) हिंसा क्षांतिरार्जवम् । प्रीतिः प्रसादो (dayā satyamahiṃsā kṣāṃtirārjavam. prītiḥ prasādo) माधुर्यं मार्दवं च यम (yama) ा दश ॥ (mādhuryaṃ mārdavaṃ ca yamā daśa..); sometimes only five yamas are mentioned:
- The first of the eight means of attaining yoga.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 5 The first of the eight angas or means of attaining Yoga; the eight angas are: - यमनियमासनप्राणायामप्रत्याहारधारणाध्यानसमाधयोऽष्टावंगानि (yamaniyamāsanaprāṇāyāmapratyāhāradhāraṇādhyānasamādhayo'ṣṭāvaṃgāni)
- 1. A rein or driver. 2. Suppression, restraint, or self-restraint. 3. A general law of morality, paramount duty, observance, or rule.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 242-1 ] यम (yama) 1. yám-a, m. (restrainer), rein ( RV.¹ ); driver ( RV.¹ ); suppression, restraint; self-restraint; general law of morality, paramount duty ( opp. niyama, minor duty); observance, rule. [ ID=14718 ]
- To stop, cease, or refrain.  
  *Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 681 ] यम (yama) r. 1st cl. ( औ उ (au u) ) औयम (yama) ु (auyamu) ( यच्छति (yacchati) ) To stop, to cease, to refrain. With नि (ni) prefixed, 1 To remove, to dispel. 2 To observe as a vow or religious rite. 3 To regulate, to restrain. With उत् (ut), 1 To rise, to mount on. 2 To make effort or exertion. 3 To lift up, to raise. With वि (vi) and आङ् (āṅ), To exercise. With सम् (sam) and नि (ni), To restrain. In some senses it takes the deponent form, as with आङ् (āṅ), prefix, ( आयच्छते (āyacchate) ) To put forth, to use or employ any part of one's own body, as the hand, &c. ( आयच्छति (yacchati) (āyacchati) ) 1 To seize. 2 To go to, to proceed to. With सम् (sam), ( संयच्छते (saṃyacchate) ) To heap together any thing that is one's own. ( संयच्छति (yacchati) (saṃyacchati) ) To associate with. With उप (upa), ( उप (upa) यच्छते (upayacchate) ) 1 To marry. 2 To agree or accede to. 3 To master by learning. r. 10th cl. ( यम (yama) यति यामयति (yamayati yāmayati) ) 1 To feed, to give food to. 2 To restrain. [ ID=31283 ]
- 1. A bridle or driver. 2. Self-control or moral observance.  
  *Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 429 ] 1 यम (yama) m. holder, i.e. bridle or driver; restraint, self-control, any paramount moral duty or observance (ph.). [ ID=25834 ]
- 1. Holding or restraining. 2. A bridle.  
  *Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 224-a ] yáma, —1. a. holding, restraining; —2. m. (holder, i. e. ) bridle. [ √yam. ] [ ID=3413 ]
- 1. A rein, curb, or bridle. 2. A driver or charioteer. 3. Restraint, control, taming, or keeping in check. 4. Self-control or any great moral duty or observance. 5. A twin, fellow, or one of a pair. 6. A symbolical expression for the number two. 7. The god who rules the spirits of the dead and acts as judge and punisher of the departed.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 0809-c ] Yama, as, m. a rein, curb, bridle (Ved.); a driver, charioteer (Ved.); restraining, controlling, taming, keeping in check, restraint, ( vācāṃ yamaḥ, restraint of words, silence); self-control, any great moral duty or observance, (as opposed to niyama, a minor duty or observance, see Manu IV. 204; some of the Yamas are as follow, ‘restraining the organs of sense,’ ‘chastity, and the control of all sensual desires,’ ‘refraining from violence or injury,’ ‘patience,’ ‘truthfulness,’ ‘honesty’); a twin, one of a pair or couple, a fellow, ( yamau, ‘the twins,’ an epithet of the Aśvins and of their twin children by Mādrī, called Nakula and Sahadeva); a symbolical expression for the number two; N. of the god who presides over the Pitṛs, q. v., and rules the spirits of the dead, (he is regarded in Post-vedic mythology as the appointed Judge and ‘Restrainer’ or Punisher of the dead, in which capacity he corresponds to the Greek Pluto and to Minos; he is one of the eight guardians of the world as regent of the South quarter, in which direction in some region of the lower world is his abode, called Yama-pura; thither a soul, when it leaves the body, is said to repair, and there, after the recorder, Citra-gupta, has read an account of its actions kept in a book called Agra-sandhānī, it receives a just sentence, either ascending to heaven or to the world of the Pitṛs or being driven down to one of the twenty-one hells [called the awful provinces of the kingdom of Yama] to be born again, after undergoing its appointed recompense of bliss or pain, in higher or lower forms of being; in unison with these functions Yama is sometimes called ‘king of Justice’ or simply ‘Justice’ [see dharma-rāja, dharma ], sometimes ‘Rod-bearer’ or ‘Noose-bearer’ [see daṇḍa-dhara, pāśin ], some- times ‘lord of the Pitṛs or Manes’ [see pitṛ-pati ], sometimes ‘king of Death’ or simply ‘Death’ [see mṛtyu-rāj, mṛtyu, kāla, antaka ], sometimes ‘god of the Śrāddha’ [see śrāddha-deva ]: in the Vana-parvan of the Mahā-bhārata, 1. 16754, where there is a story of his appearing to a dying man, he is described as dressed in blood-red garments, with a glittering form, a crown on his head, glowing eyes, and, like Varuṇa, holding a noose, with which he binds the spirit after drawing it from the body, in size about the measure of a man's thumb: he is otherwise represented as grim in aspect, green in colour, clothed in red, riding on a buffalo, and holding a club in one hand and noose in the other: he is said to possess two four-eyed watch-dogs, called Page0810-a+ 81 Karbura [= Cerberus?], ‘spotted,’ and Śyāma, ‘dark,’ which guard the road to his abode: in the later mythology he is always represented as a terrible deity inflicting tortures, called yātanā, on departed souls: according to some the earlier legends point to the original meanings of his name being ‘twin,’ and make him a kind of first man, Yama and his twin sister Yamī being the first pair of beings born from Vivasvat, ‘the Sun,’ and his wife Sa- raṇyū; the seventh Manu, another form of the first man, being also born from the Sun, and so regarded as a brother of Yama, [see especially Ṛg-veda X. 10, part of which is ascribed to the authorship of Yama Vaivasvata, and cf. Vaivasvata ]; Yama is, how- ever, described as resisting sexual alliance with his sister; Yama is also regarded as the regent of the Nakṣatra Apabharaṇī or Bharaṇī, see yama- devatā ); N. of the author of a hymn to Viṣṇu; of the author of a Dharma-śāstra; of the planet Saturn, (Saturn being regarded as the son of Vivasvat and Chāyā); of one of Skanda's attendants (men- tioned together with Ati-yama); a crow [cf. yama- dūtaka ]; ( ās ), m. pl., N. of a class of deities with Buddhists; ( ī ), f., N. of Yama's twin sister, who is identified in Post-vedic mythology with the river goddess Yamunā; ( am ), n. a pair, brace, couple; (in gram.) the twin letter of any consonant, (when a nasal consonant follows immediately after one of the four other consonants in each class, the consonant preceding the nasal may be doubled, and the inter- posed letter is then called its yama or twin, thus in kkṅ, the interposed k is a yama; but this inter- posed letter is generally understood, and not written in practice); pitch of the voice, tone of utterance, key; ( as, ā or ī, am ), twin-born, twin, double, coupled, paired. —Yama-kālindī, f., N. of Sañjñā (wife of the Sun and, according to one account, mother of Yama). —Yama-kiṅkara, as, m. Yama's servant, a messenger of death. —Yama-kīṭa, as, m. a wood-louse; an earth-worm. —Yama-kīla, as, m., N. of Viṣṇu. —Yama-ketu, us, m. Yama's ensign or mark; a sign of death. —Yama-koṭi, is, or yama-koṭī, f., N. of a mythical town (fabled by astronomers to be situated 90° or 1235 Yojanas east of Laṅkā). —Yama-kṣaya, as, m. Yama's abode. —Yama-gāthā, f. a verse or hymn treating of Yama. —Yama-gīta, am, n. ‘the hymn of Yama (in praise of Viṣṇu),’ N. of the seventh chapter of the third book of the Viṣṇu-Purāṇa, in which Yama instructs his ministers to keep clear of the worshippers of Viṣṇu, that god's votaries being admitted by him to be exempt from his authority. —Yama-ghāṇṭa, as, m., N. of an astronomical Yoga. —Yama-ghna, as, m. ‘destroying Yama or death,’ epithet of Viṣṇu. —Yama-ja, as, ā, am, twin-born; ( as ), m. a twin; (au), m. du. twins. —Yama-jāta or yama-jātaka, as, ā, am, = yama-ja above. —Ya- ma-jit, t, m. ‘conqueror of Yama,’ N. of Śiva. —Yama-jihvā, f. ‘Yama's tongue,’ N. of a pro- curess (in Kathā-sarit-s. LVII. 59). —Yama-tar- paṇa, am, n. presenting libations to Yama on the fourteenth day of the dark half of the month Āśvina. —Yama-tīrtha, am, n., N. of a Tīrtha. —Yama- tva, am, n. the being Yama, the name Yama. —Yama-daṃṣṭra, as, m., N. of an Asura; of a Rākṣasa; of a warrior on the side of the gods; (ā), f. Yama's tooth, ( Yamadaṃṣṭrāntaraṃ ga- taḥ, one who has fallen into the jaws of Yama or Death); ( ās ), f. pl. the last eight days of the month Āśvina and the whole of Kārttika considered as a period of general sickness. —Yama-daṇḍa, as, m. Yama's rod. —Yama-dūta, as, m. Yama's messenger or minister (employed to bring the souls of the dead to Yama's judgment-seat, and thence conduct them to their final destination); a crow (as boding evil or death); ( ī ), f., N. of one of the nine Samidhs. —Yama-dūtaka, as, m. Yama's messenger or minister; a crow; ( ikā ), f. Indian tamarind. —Ya- ma-devatā, f., N. of the lunar asterism Bharaṇī as presided over by Yama, (also am, n.) —Yama- daivata, as, ā, am, having Yama for lord or ruler. Page0810-b+ 81 —Yama-druma, as, m. ‘Yama's tree,’ Bombax Heptaphyllum. —Yama-dvitīyā, f., N. of the second day in the light half of the month Kārttika (when brothers and sisters dress up and exchange gifts and compliments in allusion to the attachment of Yama and his sister Yamī; cf. bhrātṛ-dvitīyā ). —Yama- dvīpa, as, m., N. of an island. —Yama-dhānī, f. Yama's dwelling or abode. —Yama-dhāra, as, m. a kind of double-edged weapon. —Yama-nakṣatra, am, n. Yama's asterism or lunar mansion, (see above under yama. ) —Yama-netra, as, ā, am, Ved. hav- ing Yama as a guide or leader. —Yama-pāśa, as, m. the snare or noose of Yama. —Yama-pura, am, n. the city or abode of Yama, (see above under yama. ) —Yama-puruṣa, as, m. Yama's servant or minister. —Yama-prastha-pura, am, n., N. of a town, where Yama was especially worshipped. —Ya- ma-priya, as, ā, am, dear to Yama, beloved by Yama; ( as ), m. the Indian fig-tree, Ficus Indica. —Yama-bhaginī, f. ‘Yama's sister,’ the river Ya- munā or Jumna. —Yama-mārga, as, m. Yama's road or path. —Yamamārga-gamana, am, n. the going or entering on Yama's road, receiving the recompense for one's actions. —Yama-yātanā, f. the torment or torture inflicted by Yama. —Yama- ratha, as, m. ‘Yama's vehicle,’ i. e. a buffalo. —Ya- ma-rāj, ṭ, m. king Yama. —Yama-rāja, as, m. king Yama; N. of a physician. —Yama-rājan, ā, m. king Yama; (ā, ā, a), Ved. having Yama as king, subject to Yama. —Yama-rājya or yama- rāṣṭra, am, n. Yama's kingdom, the dominion of Yama. —Yamarkṣa (°ma-ṛk°), am, n., Ved. a lunar mansion or asterism supposed to be under Yama or Saturn. —Yama-loka, as, m. Yama's world, the region of Yama. —Yama-vat, ān, atī, at, pos- sessing restraint, one who governs himself or keeps the passions in subjection, self-restrained, temperate, moderate. —Yama-vatsā, f., Ved. a cow bearing twin calves. —Yama-vāhana, as, m. ‘Yama's vehi- cle,’ i. e. a buffalo. —Yama-viṣaya, as, m. Yama's realm or empire. —Yama-vrata, am, n. a religious observance or vow made to Yama; Yama's method or manner (i. e. punishing offences without regard to persons or without partiality, as one of the duties of kings, see Manu IX. 307); N. of a Sāman. —Yama-śikha, as, m., N. of a Vetāla. —Yama- śrāya, as, m. the residence or place of resort of Yama, the Southern quarter. —Yama-śreṣṭha, as, ā, am, among whom Yama is the chief or takes precedence (said of the Pitṛs). —Yama-śva, as, m. Yama's dog, (see under yama. ) —Yama-sadana, am, n. Yama's seat or abode. —Yama-sabha, as, ā, m. f. Yama's council or court of justice, the tribunal of Yama. —Yamasabhīya, as, ā, am, relating to Yama's court of justice. —Yama-sāt, ind. to the power of Yama; yamasāt kṛ, to make over to Yama, deliver over to the god of death; yamasāt kṛta, made over to or devoted to Yama, sent to Yama. —Yama-sādana, am, n. Yama's seat or abode (= yama-sadana). —Yama-sū, ūs, f. bring- ing forth twins; ( ūs ), m. Yama's father, the Sun. —Yama-sūkta, am, n., Ved. a hymn in honour of Yama. —Yama-sūrya, am, n. a building with two halls or porches, one with a western, the other with a northern aspect. —Yama-stoma, as, m., N. of an Ekāha. —Yama-svasṛ, sā, f. ‘Yama's sister,’ N. of the river Yamunā (commonly called Jumna); N. of Durgā. —Yama-hārdikā, f., N. of one of Devī's female attendants. —Yama-hāseśvara-tīrtha (°sa- īś°), am, n., N. of a Tīrtha. —Yamātirātra (°ma- at°), as, m., Ved., N. of a Sattra of forty-nine days duration. —Yamādarśana-trayodaśī (°ma-ad°), f., N. of a particular thirteenth lunar day. —Yamā- darśanatrayodaśī-vrata, am, n. a religious observ- ance on the above day, (those who perform this are said to be exempted from seeing Yama.) —Yamā- ditya (°ma-ād°), as, m. a particular form of the sun. —Yamānuga (°ma-an°), as, ā, am, following Yama, being in attendance on Yama. —Yamānu- cara (°ma-an°), as, m. a servant or attendant of Yama. —Yamāntaka (°ma-an°), as, m. Yama (re- Page0810-c+ 81 garded) as the destroyer or god of death [cf. kālān- taka ]; ‘Yama's destroyer,’ N. of Śiva; (au), m. du. Yama and the god of death. —Yamāri (°ma- ari), is, m. ‘Yama's enemy,’ N. of Viṣṇu. —Ya- mālaya (°ma-āl°), as, m. Yama's abode. —Yameśa (°ma-īśa), as, ā, am, having Yama as lord or chief; ( am ), n. the Nakṣatra Bharaṇī. —Yame- śvara (°ma-īś°), am, n., N. of a Liṅga. [ ID=38402 ]
- prescriptions  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yamas — prescriptions. Vā. 104. 14. [ ID=11200 ]

### Yama as a Name/Epithet for Other Deities or Specific Beings (14 definitions)
- one of Skanda's attendants  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > of one of Skanda's attendants (mentioned together with Ati-yama), MBh. [ ID=170393 ]
- an enemy-slayer  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अरिः, - घ्नः (ariḥ, -ghnaḥ)
- an epithet of Vishnu  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — रिपुः (ripuḥ) &c. N. of Viṣṇu
- 1. The river Yamuna. 2. Durga.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — स्वसृ (svasṛ) f. 1 N. of the river Yamunā. 2 N. of Durgā. [ ID=23695 ]
- a companion of Skanda  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > [Printed book page 768-2 ] Yama 2, a companion of Skanda. § 615 u (Skanda): IX, 45, 2547 (given to Skanda by Varuṇa). [ ID=12554 ]
- 1. Surya 2. Shiva 3. Mahapurusha 4. Vishnu  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > Yama 3 = Sūrya: III, 148.—Do. 4 = Śiva (1000 names 1 ).— Do. 5 = Mahāpuruṣa (Mahāpuruṣastava).—Do. 6 = Viṣṇu (1000 names). [ ID=12555 ]
- a Yajniya god  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 3-013 ] Yama (II) — a Yājñiya god. Br. II. 36. 33. [ ID=11190 ]
- a Sukha god  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yama (IV) — a Sukha god. Br. IV. 1. 18. [ ID=11192 ]
- a son of Havirdhana  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yama (V) — a son of Havirdhāna. M. 4. 45. [ ID=11193 ]
- an Aditya  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yama (VI) — an Āditya. M. 6. 4. [ ID=11194 ]
- the father of Ilina  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yama (VII) — the father of Ilinā, (s.v.). M. 49. 9. [ ID=11195 ]
- 1. A Vasu. 2. A son of Dharma and Sudevi.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > [Printed book page 3-014 ] Yama (VIII) — a Vasu; a son of Dharma and Sudevī. M. 171. 47. [ ID=11196 ]
- the agent of a class of devas  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yama (IX) — the agent of a class of devas. Vā. 10. 72. [ ID=11197 ]
- a principal class of beings  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yama (XI) — a mukhya gaṇa. Vā. 100. 18. [ ID=11199 ]

### Yama, the God of Death (7 definitions)
- The god of the dead, ruler of the departed spirits, and judge of the souls of the deceased.  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > N. of the god who presides over the Pitṛs ( q.v. ) and rules the spirits of the dead, Ṛg-veda (Title) &c. &c., Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 18; 197, 198 &c. Religious Thought and Life in India, also called ’Brāhmanism and Hindūism,’ by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 10; 16; 289 &c. (he is regarded as the first of men and born from Vivasvat, ‘the Sun’, and his wife Saraṇyū; while his brother, the seventh Manu, another form of the first man, is the son of Vivasvat and Saṃjñā, the image of Saraṇyū; his twin-sister is Yamī, with whom he resists sexual alliance, but by whom he is mourned after his death, so that the gods, to make her forget her sorrow, create night; in the Veda he is called a king or संगमनो जनानाम् (saṃgamano janānām), ‘the gatherer of men’, and rules over the departed fathers in heaven, the road to which is guarded by two broad-nosed, four-eyed, spotted dogs, the children of Śaramā q.v.; in Post-vedic mythology he is the appointed Judge and ‘Restrainer’ or ‘Punisher’ of the dead, in which capacity he is also called धर्म (dharma) राज (dharmarāja) or धर्म (dharma) and corresponds to the Greek Pluto and to Minos; his abode is in some region of the lower world called Yama-pura; thither a soul when it leaves the body, is said to repair, and there, after the recorder, Citra-gupta, has read an account of its actions kept in a book called Agra-saṃdhānā, it receives a just sentence; in MBh. Yama is described as dressed in blood-red garments, with a glittering form, a crown on his head, glowing eyes and like Varuṇa, holding a noose, with which he binds the spirit after drawing it from the body, in size about the measure of a man's thumb; he is otherwise represented as grim in aspect, green in colour, clothed in red, riding on a buffalo, and holding a club in one hand and noose in the other; in the later mythology he is always represented as a terrible deity inflicting tortures, called यातना (yātanā), on departed spirits; he is also one of the 8 guardians of the world as regent of the South quarter; he is the regent of the Nakṣatra Apa-bharaṇī or Bharaṇī, the supposed author of Ṛg-veda (Title) x, 10; 14, of a hymn to Viṣṇu and of a law-book; यमस्या (yamasyā) र्कः (rkaḥ) N. of a Sāman, ĀrṣBr. ) [ ID=170391 ]
- 1. The god of death. 2. Death personified, as a son of the sun.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 6 The god of death, death personified, regarded as a son of the sun; दत्ताभये त्वयि (dattābhaye tvayi) यमादपि दंडधारे (yamādapi daṃḍadhāre) Uttararāmacarita 2. 11
- Yama, the god of death  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — राज (rāja) m. Yama, the god of death
- 1. Forming a pair. 2. A twin. 3. The god of the dead or ruler of the lower regions. 4. The planet Saturn.  
  *Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > यम (yama) 2. yam-á, a. ( ā́, ī́ ) forming a pair; m. twin ( du. twins; designation of the Aśvins); N. of the male Twin of Yamī, the first man, son of Vivasvat ( RV. ); in the Veda Yama is the god who rules over the departed fathers in heaven; in C. he is regarded as the god of death, presiding in the lower regions ( his name being supposed to mean subduer or punisher), younger brother of Manu ( the first man ), regent of the south, and reputed author of hymns and of a law-book; planet Saturn; n. pair. [ ID=14719 ]
- lord of the spirits of the dead, son of Vivasvat, often identified with Dharma  
  *Index to the Names in the Mahabharata*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 766-1 ] Yama 1, lord of the spirits of the dead, son of Vivasvat, often identified with Dharma. § 11 (Parvasaṅgr.): I, 2, 535 ( Y°sādanaṃ, only B.).—§ 51 (Parikṣit): I, 41, 1705 ( netā Y°sya sadanaṃ prati ); 42, 1758 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 61 (Sarpasattra): I, 55, †2099 ( °sya yajño yathā ), †2107 ( Dharmarājaḥ, comparison), †2111 ( °o yathā dharmaviniś- cayajñaḥ ).—§ 134 (Viśvāmitra): I, 71, †2933.—§ 135 (Śakuntalop.): I, 74, 3017 (among those who witness the acts of men), 3018 ( Vaivasvataḥ ), 3019 ( viyātayati duḥkṛtaṃ ), 3072 ( °sya, sc. bhavanaṃ ).—§ 139 (Manu Vaivasvata): I, 75, 3136 ( Vivasvataḥ sutaḥ…Vaivasvataḥ ).—§ 147 (Devayānī): I, 82, 3408 ( °sya, sc. gṛhe ).—§ 151 (Pūruvaṃś.): I, 94, 3711 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 156 (do.): I, 95, 3784 ( retodhāḥ putra unnayati…Y°kṣayāt ).—§ 167 (Vicitravīryop.): I, 102, 4143 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 193 (Pāṇḍu): I, 125, 4891 ( °sadane ).—§ 213 (Jatugṛhap.): I, 151, 5920 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ). —§ 214 (Hiḍimbavadhap.): I, 153, 5990 ( Y°sādanaṃ ). —§ 215 (Bakavadhap.): I, 163, 6276 (do.).—§ 223 (Vāsiṣṭha): I, 174, 6641 ( °kṣayāt ).—§ 233 (Svayaṃ- varap.): I, 187, †7010 (came to see the svayaṃvara of Draupadī).—§ 238 (Pañcendrop.): I, 197, †7276 (partook of the sacrifice of the gods in Naimiṣāraṇya).—§ 243 (Vidurāgamanap.): I, 205, 7505 ( °sutāv iva ).—§ 246 (Sundopasundop.): I, 210, 7671 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 258 (Khāṇḍavadahanap.): I, 227, 8264 (armed with the Kāla-daṇḍa he fought with Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna).—§ 263 (Sabhākriyāp.): II, 3, 72 (performs sacrifices at Bindusaras). —§ 265 (Lokapālasabhākhyānap.): II, 5, 222 ( °vat ); 6, 280 ( Vaivasvataṃ ).—§ 267 (Yamasabhāv.): II, 8, 318 ( Vaivasvataṃ ), 343 ( °sya puruṣāḥ ) (description of his palace). —§ 270 (Brahmasabhāv.): II, 11, 466 (waits upon Brahmán). —§ 274 (Rājasūyārambhap.): II, 16, 662 ( °o hi na vijetājau, sc. Jarāsandhabalaṃ ).—§ 275 (do.): II, 17, 690 ( °āntakasamaḥ, sc. Bṛhadratha).—§ 277 (Jarāsandhavadhap.): II, 22, 876 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 879 (do.).—§ 290 (Śiśupālavadhap.): II, 40, 1427 ( netukāmo Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 294 (Dyūtap.): II, 49, 1760 ( °sya, sc. śrīḥ ).—§ 298 (do.): II, 62, 2110 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 299 (do.): II, 66, 2188 (do.).—§ 304 (Anudyūtap.): II, 77, 2531 (( Y°sādanaṃ ), 2547 (do.).— § 316 (Kirmīravadhap.): III, 11, 428 ( °daṇḍapratīkāśaṃ, sc. vṛkṣaṃ ), 451 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ).—§ 317 b (Kṛṣṇa Vāsudeva): III, 12, 480 (Kṛṣṇa becomes Y., etc.)—§ 319 (Saubhavadhop.): III, 14, 625 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 320 (do.): Page766-b+ 63 III, 22, 879 ( cakraṃ Kalāntaka-Y°opamaṃ ).—§ 323 (Dvaitavanapr.): III, 25, †954 ( °sya netā, sc. Rāma Dāśarathi).—§ 325 (Draupadīparitāpav.): III, 27, 1013 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaḥ, sc. Arjuna).—§ 327 (do.): III, 29, 1070 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 331 (Kairātap.): III, 39, 1560 (do.), 1578 (do.), 1592 (do.), 1598 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ).—§ 333 c (Brahmaśiras): III, 40, 1651 (does not know Brahmaśiras). § 334 (Kairātap.): III, 41, 1672 ( sārdhaṃ Pitṛbhiḥ ), 1680 ( paramadharmajñaḥ, gave a weapon to Arjuna), 1697.— § 345 (Nalopākhyānap.): III, 55, 2138 ( śarīrāntakaro nṝṇāṃ ), 2140, 2157; 57, 2228 (among the Lokapālas present at the svayaṃvara of Draupadī, granted Nala boons).—§ 378 (Tīrthayātrāp.): III, 91, 8419 (Arjuna had obtained weapons from Y., etc.)—§ 402 (do.): III, 120, †10263 ( °kṣayaṃ ).—§ 407 (Māndhātrup.): III, 126, 10444 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 412 (Aṣṭāvakrīya): III, 134, †10658 ( Pitṝṇām īśvaraḥ ).—§ 416 (Yavakrītop.): III, 137, 10783 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaṃ, sc. the residence of Raibhya).— § 418 (Gandhamādanapr.): III, 139, 10833.—§ 422 bis (Varāhāvatāra): III, 142, 10934 ( °tvaṃ ).—§ 424 (Bhīma- kadalīkhaṇḍapr.): III, 147, 11180 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 432 (Saugandhikāharaṇa): III, 154, †11384 ( °daṇḍakalpāṃ mahāgadāṃ ).—§ 439 (Yakṣayuddhap.): III, 163, 11848 ( rājā, in the south).—§ 440 (do.): III, 164, 11901 ( °sya, sc. astraṃ, obtained by Arjuna).—§ 443 (Nivātakavaca- yuddhap.): III, 168, 12005 (in the south).—§ 444 (do.): III, 171, 12160 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 172, 12178 (do.).—§ 450 (Ājagarap.): III, 178, 12389 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaṃ, sc. bhujaṅgaṃ ).—§ 459 (Mārkaṇḍeyas.): III, 189, 12954 ( Pretādhipaḥ, Nārāyaṇa identified with Y.).—§ 469 (do.): III, 200, 13372 ( nopasarpanti te Y°ṃ ), 13389 ( °sya te nirvacanā bhavanti ).—§ 470 (Yamaloka): III, 200, 13397 ( °dūtais tu Y°syājñākaraiḥ ).—§ 506 (Skandayuddha): III, 231, 14550 ( Mṛtyunā saha ), 14551.—§ 511 (Draupadī- Satyabhāmāsaṃv.): III, 235, 14730 ( samprasthitān… Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 512 (Ghoṣayātrāp.): III, 237, 14782 ( Rudrair(!) iva Y°ḥ, sc. vṛtaḥ ); 245, 14985 ( Y°sādanaṃ ). —§ 522 (Draupadīharaṇap.): III, 265, †15590 (Draupadī was questioned if she was the wife of Y.).—§ 543 (Rāmā- bhiṣeka): III, 291 α, 16548.—§ 545 (Pativratāmāhātmyap.): III, 297, (16758), 16763, 16765, (16766), (†16773), (†16775), (†16778), (†16780), †16781 ( °tvaṃ ), (†16784), (†16786), (†16791), (†16793), (†16798), 16802 ( Vaivasvataḥ ), 16809, 16813 ( prajāsaṃyamanaḥ ); 298, 16895 ( Y. came to fetch Satyavat, but gratified by Sāvitrī, he granted her several boons, among these the life of Satyavat).—§ 548 (Āraṇeyap.): III, 313, 17314 ( Kālāntaka-Y°āt ), 17401 ( Y°ālaye ).—§ 551 (Kīcakavadhap.): IV, 23, 821 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 552 (Goharaṇap.): IV, 30, 988 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 32, 1039 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaḥ, sc. samāgamaḥ ); 45 δ, 1433; 47, 1490 ( api ); 56 ζ, 1770 ( °sya, sc. vimānaṃ ); 60, 1945 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 554 (Sainyodyogap.): V, 3, 54 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ), 57 ( Yamau…Y°-Kālopamadyutī ).— § 555 (Indravijaya): V, 16, †511 ( Vaivasvataḥ, among the Lokapālas who came to Indra), 515, [519 ( Vaivasvataṃ; h : Indra bestowed the sovereignty over the Pitṛs on Y.)]; 17, 545.—§ 556 (Sañjayayānap.): V, 20, 609 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 29, †824.—§ 558 (Prajāgarap.): V, 35, 1253 ( pracchanna- pāpānāṃ śāstā Vaivasvataḥ ).—§ 560 (Sanatsujātap.): V, 42, †1581 ( °ṃ tv eke Mṛtyum ato 'nyam āhuḥ ).—§ 561 (Yāna- sandhip.): V, 55, 2187 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 69, 2552 ( °sya vaśam āyanti ).—§ 564 (Mātalīyop.): V, 100, 3570.—§ 565 (Gālavacarita): V, 117, 3968 ( reme…Ūrmilāyāṃ yathā Page767-a+ 63 Y°ḥ, B. yathā Dhūmorṇayā Yamaḥ, cf. xiii, 7637).—§ 567 (Bhagavadyānap.): V, 130, 4385 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 568 (do.): V, 137, 4664 ( kruddhāv iva Y°āntakau ).—§ 569 (do.): V, 143, 4837 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), (κ), 4876 (do.).—§ 570 (Sainyaniryāṇap.): V, 151, 5123 ( °dūtasamān vege ), 5143 ( Yamau…Y°opamau ); 158 ν, 5381.—§ 571 (Ulūkadūtā- gamanap.): V, 162, 5601 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 5604, 5606 (do.). —§ 573 (Ambopākhyānap.): V, 184, 7271 ( °daṇḍasama- prabhāṃ, sc. śaktiṃ ).—§ 574 (Jambūkh.): VI, 4, 158 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 576 (Bhagavadgītāp.): VI, 34, 1233 ( °ḥ saṃyamatām ahaṃ, sc. asmi, says Kṛṣṇa); 35, †1285 (identified with Kṛṣṇa).—§ 578 (Bhīṣmavadhap.): VI, 50, 2039 ( kruddhaḥ ).—§ 579 (do.): VI, 54, 2280 ( Kālāntaka- Y°opamaḥ, sc. Bhīma), 2309 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 2310 (do.), 2314 (do.); 55, 2396 ( rūpaṃ Kālāntaka-Y°opamaṃ ).—§ 581 (do.): VI, 62, 2774 ( °daṇḍopamāṃ…gadāṃ ); 63, 2798 (do.); 64, 2842 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 2847 (do.).—§ 582 (do.): VI, 74, 3260 ( °daṇḍāśanisvanān, sc. śaraughān ).—§ 583 (do.): VI, 75, 3307 ( Y°sya sādanaṃ ); 79, 3460 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 3507 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaṃ, sc. yuddhaṃ ), 3509 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).— § 584 (do.): VI, 83, 3646 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaḥ, sc. pra- kṣayaḥ ), 3654 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 3679 ( ajeyaṃ…Y°ena ), 3685 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ); 85, †3783 ( °daṇḍakalpaiḥ…śaraiḥ ), †3786 ( °daṇḍakalpāṃ…gadāṃ ).—§ 585 (do.): VI, 87, 3883 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 88, 3915 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ); 89, 3938 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 3952 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 3958 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaḥ, sc. saṅgrāmaḥ ); 91, 4071 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaḥ, sc. Ghaṭot- kaca); 94, 4202 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamau ), 4203 ( Y°daṇḍo- pamāṃ, sc. gadāṃ, only B.); 95, 4256 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaṃ, sc. yuddhaṃ ); 96, 4368 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 98, 4467 (do.).— § 586 (do.): VI, 100, 4534 ( °daṇḍopamān…sāyakān ); 101, 4602 ( °daṇḍopamāḥ, sc. viśikhāḥ ); 103, 4697 ( °rāṣṭra- vivardhanaṃ, sc. yuddhaṃ ), 4698 Y°sādanaṃ ), 4717 ( °rāṣṭra° ); 104, 4731 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 106, 4807 ( °daṇḍo- pamaiḥ, sc. bāṇaiḥ ); 107 ϕ, 4901, 4960, 4984 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).— § 587 (do.): VI, 108, 5010 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaṃ, sc. yuddhaṃ ); 110, 5132 ( °daṇḍopamān, sc. viśikhān ), 5151 ( °daṇḍopamāṃ, sc. śaktiṃ ); 112, 5238 ( saḍrśaḥ…Y°sya ); 116, 5422 ( gadāṃ Y°daṇḍopamāṃ ); 118, 5543 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 119, 5630 ( °dūtā iva ).—§ 589 (Droṇābhiṣekap.): VII, 2, †66 ( Y°sadane ), †68 ( Yamau…Yamopamau ), †83 ( Y°āya ); 8, 244 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 10, 346 ( °-Vaiśravaṇāditya-Mahendra- Varuṇopamaṃ ).—§ 590 (do.): VII, 14, 509 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).— § 592 (Saṃśaptakavadhap.): VII, 19, 767 (do.); 21, 909 (do.); 23 ο, 991 ( °-Vaiśravaṇopamāḥ ); 25, 1090 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 27, 1223 ( °ena…duṣkaraṃ ); 28, 1233 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 32, 1447 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaṃ, sc. yuddhaṃ ). —§ 593 (Abhimanyuvadhap.): VII, 46, 1847 ( Y°sādanaṃ ). —§ 594 (Mṛtyu): VII, 54, 2077 ( °sya bhavanaṃ ), 2107 ( lokapālaḥ ).—§ 595 (Ṣoḍaśarāj., v. Pṛthu Vainya): VII, 69, 2419 ( Vaivasvataḥ, when the puṇyajanāḥ milked the earth, Y. was their calf).—§ 596 (Pratijñāp.): VII, 72, 2503 ( paśyāmi Y°sādanaṃ, read yāsyāmi with B.), 2509 ( yāsyāmi Y°sādanaṃ ), 2511 (do.); 74, 2617 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 76 δ, 2691; 77, 2711 ( °rāṣṭravivṛddhaye ); 78, 2741 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 597 (do.): VII, 83, 2972 ( rājadhānīṃ Y°syādya hataḥ prāpsyati ).—§ 599 (Jayadrathavadhap.): VII, 93, 3366 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ); 94, 3425 ( °daṃṣṭrāntaraṃ prāptaḥ ); 100, 3753 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 108, 4059 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ); 110, 4152 ( °daṃṣṭrāntaraṃ gataṃ ); 113, 4380 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 116, 4640 ( °daṇḍopamaḥ śaraḥ ); 119, 4726 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaṃ, sc. Sātyaki); 125, 5057 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 5071 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ), 5072 ( °āya preṣayām āsa ); 127, Page767-b+ 63 5210 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 129, 5303 ( Y°sādanaṃ, only C.); 130, 5345 (do.); 132, 5444 ( °rāṣṭropamaṃ…āyodhanaṃ ); 133, 5480 ( °daṇḍopamān, sc. śarān ), 5489 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 5496 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 134, 5520 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 135, 5543 ( °-Kālāntako[pa]maṃ ), 5570 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 139, 5750 ( °daṇḍam ivāparaṃ ); 145, †6151 ( °rāṣṭravardhanaḥ ), †6152 ( °rāṣṭravardhanān ); 150, 6508 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 600 (Ghaṭotkacavadhap.): VII, 153, 6606 ( °rāṣṭrāya… dīkṣitāḥ ), 6607 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 154, 6680 (do.); 155, 6716 (do.); 156, 6908 ( °kṣaya°, C., °rāṣṭra°, B.), 6913 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 6915 ( °daṇḍopamaṃ, sc. śaraṃ ); 159, 7090 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaṃ, sc. Arjuna), 7104 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 160, 7174 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 166, 7432 ( °daṇḍopamaṃ, sc. śaraṃ ); 167, 7466 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 7491 (do.); 168, 7558 ( rāṣṭravivardhanaṃ, sc. yuddhaṃ ); 171, 7698 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 7717 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ), 7730 ( °rāṣṭraṃ ); 173, 7777 ( Y°kṣayaṃ, only C.); 174, 7855 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 180 δδ, 8194 ( notsahet Karṇaṃ ).—§ 601 (Droṇavadhap.): VII, 184, 8381 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 185 ε, 8444.—§ 603 (Nārāyaṇāstra- mokṣap.): VII, 200, 9353 ( °daṇḍanibhān, sc. nārācān ).— § 603 d (Tripura): VII, 202, 9569 ( Vaivasvataṃ, became the puṅkha of Śiva's shaft).—§ 603 (Nārāyaṇāstramokṣap.): VII, 202 ιι, 9596 (Śiva identified with Y.), (κκ), 9628.— § 604 (Karṇap.): VIII, 2 γ, 42 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 3 δ, 85 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 5 ζ, 103 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 105 (do.), 110 (do.), 114 (do.), 124 (do.), 135 (do.); 6, 163 (do.), 165 (do.), 166 (do.), 167 (do.), 176 (do.), 182 (do.), 188 (do.).—§ 605 (do.): VIII, 15, 596 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamau ), 597 (dual, iva ); 16, 618 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 21, 830 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaḥ, sc. saṅ- grāmaḥ ), 838 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 22, 878 ( °daṇḍābhaiḥ sc. nārācaiḥ ): 23, 901 ( viśikhaṃ Y°daṇḍopamatviṣaṃ ); 24, 952 ( °sya bhavanaṃ ); 27, 1089 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 1095 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 30, 1221 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 607 (do.): VIII, 37 γ, †1729 ( yāsyāmi…Y°āya ), †1736 (do.), †1737 ( °Varuṇa-Kubera-Vāsavāḥ ); 45 ξ, 2102 (protects the southern region inhabited by the Pitṛs.)—§ 608 (do.): VIII, 49, 2320 ( °daṇḍanibhaṃ śaraṃ ); 51, 2455 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 2458 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 2459 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaṃ, sc. Bhīma); 52, 2552 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 54, 2649 (do.); 56, 2708 ( Kalāntaka-Y°opamaṃ, sc. rūpaṃ ), 2761 ( °daṇḍanibhaiḥ śaraiḥ ); 59, 2910 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaḥ, sc. saṅgrāmaḥ ); 61, 3109 ( Y°sya sadanam ), 3114 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 63, 3177 (do.); 66, 3332 ( °tulyaḥ parākrame ); 73, 3694 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 3708 (do.), 3724 (do.); 74, 3778 ( Y°rāṣṭra- ); 76, †3822 ( nayāmi…Y°āya ); 77, 3876 ( Y°sya sadanaṃ ), 3878 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 3887 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 80, 4118 ( niyuktān …Y°āya ); 81, 4153 ( Kāladaṇḍodyataṃ ), 4155 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 84, 4266 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 87, 4390 ( °-Kālāntakopamau ), (χʹ), 4421 (sided with Arjuna); 90, †4696 ( °āgnidaṇḍapratimaiḥ, said of arrows); 91, †4780 ( °daṇḍakalpaṃ, sc. bāṇaṃ ), †4796 ( nayatāṃ Y°āya ); 92, †4828 ( °rāṣṭrakalpaṃ, sc. balaṃ ); 93, 4890 ( Antako Yamaḥ, B., Antakopamaḥ, C.).—§ 610 (Śalyap.): IX, 5, 253 ( Yamāv api Y°opamau ).—§ 611 (do.): IX, 9, 419 ( Y°kṣayaṃ, B. °sādanaṃ ); 10, 520 ( °rāṣṭravivardhanaṃ, sc. yuddhaṃ ), 533 ( °rāṣṭravivardhane, sc. saṅgrāme ); 11, 578 ( °daṇḍapratīkāśāṃ, sc. gadāṃ ); 14, 745 ( °daṇḍopamadyutiṃ, sc. nārācaṃ ), 750 ( °rāṣṭravivar- dhanaṃ, sc. yuddhaṃ ); 15, 762 ( Yamau…Y°tulyaparā- kramau ); 17, †906 ( °sya dhātrīm iva ); 20, †1070 ( °ālaye ( °aṃ, B.)); 21, 1100 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 23, 1192 ( °rāṣṭravivar- dhanaḥ, sc. saṅgrāmaḥ ); 25, 1373 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 26, 1426 ( °daṇḍanibhaiḥ śaraiḥ ), 1429 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ); 27, 1486 ( °daṇḍopamaṃ, sc. śaraṃ ); 28, 1515 ( Y°sādanaṃ ).—§ 613 Page768-a+ 63 (Gadāyuddhap.): IX, 32, 1863 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 615 u (Skanda): IX, 45 γ, 2519 ( Kālo Y°ś ca Mṛtyuś ca Y°syānu- carāś ca ye ), 2532 (gave two companions named Unmātha and Pramātha to Skanda).—§ 615 ff (Asita Devala): IX, 50, 2856 ( Y°vat samadarśanaḥ ).—§ 615 kk (Kurukṣetrak.): IX, 53, 3027 ( °sya viṣayaṃ ).—§ 615 (Gadāyuddhap.): IX, 55, 3105 ( °-Vāsavayor, sc. sadṛśakarmāṇau, sc. Bhīmasena and Duryodhana); 57, 3186 ( °daṇḍopamāṃ, sc. gadāṃ ), 3202 ( °daṇḍam iva, sc. gadāṃ ).—§ 616 (Sauptikap.): X, 8, 344 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ), 401 (do.), 449 ( Y°sādanaṃ ), 450 ( Y°sya niveśanaṃ ).—§ 617 (Aiṣīkap.): X, 11, 583 ( ātmajān… sampradāya Y°āya ); 13, 669 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaḥ ).— § 618 (Jalapradānikap.): XI, 2 δ, 49 ( karṣati ); 4, 114 ( °dūtaiḥ ); 5, 128 ( traset ).—§ 621 (Rājadh.): XII, 5 ζ, 141 (Arjuna had obtained a weapon from Y.).—§ 622 (do.): 15, 428 ( °daṇḍabhayāt ), (β), 439.—§ 635 (do.): XII, 33 α, 1168 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ).—§ 640 (do.): XII, 57, 2064 ( °-Vaiśra- vaṇopamaḥ ).—§ 641 (do.): XII, 68 ι, 2576, 2579 (the ideal king comparable with Y.); 72, 2773 (do.); 82, 3086 (C. has by error Mayaḥ, some sentences of his quoted), 3092 ( gamito Y°sādanaṃ ); 91, 3444 (the ideal king comparable with Y.), 3446 ( °o yacchati bhūtāni ), (ν), 3458; 98, 3634 ( °sādane ); 122, 4495 ( °ṃ Vaivasvatañ cāpi Pitṝṇām akarot prabhuṃ, sc. Viṣṇu); 129, 4718 ( Gautamasya ca saṃvādaṃ Y°sya ca ), 4721 ( lokapālaḥ ), 4722, (4725) (discourse between Gautama and Y.).—§ 646 b (Marjāramāṣikasaṃv.): XII, 138, 5028 ( °dūtābhaṃ, said of a Cāṇḍāla).—§ 647 b (Brahma- datta-Pūjanīsaṃv.): XII, 139, 5236 (the ideal king com- parable with Y.), 5238 (do.).—§ 652 b (Indrota-Parīkṣitīya): XII, 150, 5612 ( °dūtāḥ, °kṣaye ).—§ 654 b (Pavana-śālma- lisaṃv.): XII, 155 α, 5831.—§ 661 (Mokṣadh.): XII, 196, 7156 ( °sya yat purā vṛttaṃ Kālasya brāhmaṇasya ca ).— § 662 (do.): XII, 199, 7198 ( Kāla-Mṛtyu-Y°ānām Ikṣvākor brāhmaṇasya ca vivādaḥ = do.).—§ 662 b (Jāpakop.): XII, 199 α, 7213, 7226, (7228), 7228, 7251, 7265 (different from Dharma, came to the brahman who was a jāpaka ); 200 γ, 7332 (do.).—§ 664 (Mokṣadh.): XII, 207, 7554 ( °kṛtaṃ bhayaṃ ).—§ 677 (do.): XII, 236, 8629 ( °sādanaṃ ).— § 678 c (Mṛtyu-Prajāpatisaṃv.): XII, 259, 9193 ( °sya bhavane ).—§ 680 b (Tulādhāra-Jājalisaṃv.): XII, 263 α, 9380.—§ 692 (Mokṣadh.): XII, 281 β, 10052 (identified with the supreme Lord).—§ 704 (do.): XII, 301, 11061 (different from Mṛtyu and Antaka); 302, 11128 ( °kṣaye ). —§ 710 (do.): XII, 322, 12078, 12079, 12080.—§ 717 b (Nārāyaṇīya): XII, 335 α, 12685.—§ 730 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 16 ηη, 1058 (identified with Śiva); 17, 1291 ( Vaivas- vataḥ, learnt the 1,000 names of Śiva from Nārāyaṇa and communicated them to Nāciketa).—§ 744 (do.): XIII, 45, 2477 ( gāthā Y°odgītāḥ, quoted).—§ 746 (do.): XIII, 62, 3178; 68, 3396 ( brāhmaṇasya ca saṃvādaṃ Y°sya ca ), 3399, 3403 ( °śāsanaṃ ), 3404, (3407), (3410), 3418 ( °śāsanaṃ ), 3419 ( °dūtaḥ ), 3421, 3422 (discourse between Y. and Śarmin); 70, 3472, 3476 (Nṛga was punished by Y.); 71, 3491, †3502, †3513, 3522 (Uddālaki cursed Nāciketa to go to Y., who, however, dismissed him after having instructed him); 80, †3793 ( °sya loke ).—§ 749 (do.): XIII, 89, 4255 ( °o tu yāni śrāddhāni provāca Śaśabindave ).—§ 753 (do.): XIII, 97 α, 4661 (to Y. offerings should be made in the southern region). —§ 757 c (Yamaloka): XIII, 102, †4857 ( °sya… yātanāṃ ).—§ 759 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 104, 5026 ( gāthā Y°odgītāḥ, quoted).—§ 760 (do.): XIII, 111, 5434 ( °sya puruṣaiḥ ), 5438 ( °sya viṣayaṃ gataḥ ), 5440 (only B.), 5441 ( °sadane divye Brahmalokasame gunaiḥ ), 5463 ( °sya viṣayaṃ Page768-b+ 61 gataḥ ), 5189 (do.), 5490 ( °sya puruṣaiḥ ), 5491 ( °sya viṣayaṃ gataḥ ), 5514 (do.).—§ 766 (do.): XIII, 125, 5923 ( deva- guhyaṃ…Y°ena [sc. prāptaṃ, Nīl.]); 130, (6114).— § 773 d (Śiva): XIII, 161, 7486 ( Vaivasvataṃ, became the puṅkha of Śiva's shaft).—§ 775 (Ānuśāsanik.): XIII, 166, 7637 ( Dhūmorṇayā saha, cf. V, 3968).—§ 778 f (Muñjavat): XIV, 8, 183 (worships Śiva on Muñjavat).—§ 782 (Anugītāp.): XIV, 16, 443 ( °kṣaye ).—§ 782 g (Guru- śiṣyasaṃv.): XIV, 43 θ, 1176 ( Pitṝṇām adhipaḥ ).—§ 784 b (Uttaṅka): XIV, 53, 1553 ( °kṣayaṃ ); 57, 1662 ( °opamaḥ, sc. Kalmāṣapāda).—§ 785 (Anugītāp.): XIV, 61, 1845 ( Yamau Y°opamau ); 68 ξ, 2006 ( Y°sādanaṃ ); 74, 2167 ( Kālāntaka-Y°opamaṃ, sc. Arjuna); 78, 2295 ( Y°kṣayaṃ ). —§ 795 (Svargārohaṇap.): XVIII, 2, 36 ( Yamau… Y°opamau ). Cf. also Dharma and the following synonyms:— Daṇḍin, Deveśa, Kṛtānta, Lokapāla, q.v. Pitrīśa (“lord of the Pitṛs”): VII, 37 (only C. in the comp. Pitṛvittāmbudeveśān ). Pitṛpati (do.): VII, †1980 ( °rāṣṭravardhanaṃ, sc. āyodhanaṃ ); VIII, †1210 ( °rāṣṭram iva ). Pitṛrāja (do.): I, †7077 ( iva ); 275 ( sabhāṃ tu P°sya ), 344 ( °sabhāsadaḥ ), 1643 ( °āśritāṃ diśaṃ, i.e. the south); III, 16761; VIII, †4674 ( °veśmani ). Pitṛrājan (do.): II, 352 ( sabhā…P°jñaḥ ). Pretādhipa, Pretarāj, Pretarāja, Sureśa, Sūryaputra, Vaivasvata, q.v. [ ID=12553 ]
- The lord of the Pitris who punishes people after death according to their actions.  
  *The Purana Index*
  > यम (yama) [Printed book page 3-012 ] Yama (I) — (Vaivasvata) the Lord of Pitṛs; punishes men after death according to their actions, sinful or other- wise. 1 A son of Vivasvat (Sūrya) and Samjñā; explains the nature of dharma and the glory of Hari to his messen- gers (Yamadūtas, s.v.). Appeared in the form of a child before the queen and the subjects of Suyajña weeping over his dead body and showed the truth that no amount of wail- ing would bring the dead back to life; 2 welcomed Rāma and Kṛṣṇa and fulfilled their desire by restoring Sāndipāni's son; presented Pṛṭhu with a rod of justice. Punished Nṛga to be a lizard for having given a cow of a Brahmaṇa as a gift to another, and as the owner refused to accept the apologies and compensation offered by Nṛga; 3 fought with Kālanābha in the Devāsura war; rode on buffalo to help Indra against Kṛṣṇa taking away pārijāta, but discomfited, ran away in fear; 4 his authority set aside in the case of Ajāmila. Dhruva is said to have set his foot on his head; was a Śudra for a hundred years owing to a curse; 5 His penance at Gokarṇa and Śiva made him lokapāla; his city being Samyamana; represents the planet Śanaiścara; served as calf for Pitṛs milk- ing the earth; Dharmarāja; Lord of three deva gaṇas — Amarttas, Aprakāśas, and Jyotiṣmantas; 6 narrated to Śaśa- bindu varieties of śrāddha; protested against the ill-treat- ment by his stepmother Chāyā and was cursed by her to lose his legs. [Cursed his legs to be sores and worms. His father gave him a cock to eat them. M.P. ]. The father assured their restoration after a temporary loss; overlord of Pitṛs. 7 in charge of hells; 8 buffalo, his riding animal; 9 his ac- tive part in Tripuram, defeated by Kālanemi; 10 burnt with Kāma and attained godhood again by pleasing Śankara by tapas; 11 dialogue of, with his servant about those who could not be taken to his region. 12 acted as calf when Antaka milked the cow-earth; other names of; world of; 13 in the war against Tāraka: war with Grasana and the latter's suc- cess. 14 Samvāda with Sāvitrī; the latter's praise of; 15 Kāla and Mṛtyu are assistants; god to be worshipped in house building. 16 Image of, with Citragupta by the side; gift of Page3-013+ 28 buffalo pleasing to; 17 (Dharmarāja): a golden image of him standing on a copper plate to be given to guru in Saptamī- svapana; 18 weapon of daṇḍa, used by, in the battle of Tri- puram; 19 seen by Sāvitrī while taking the life of her hus- band; blessed her with three requests of hers and finally the life of her husband; 20 meting out justice impartially; 21 father of two daughters Upadānavī and Himā. 22 [ Footnote: 1) Bhā. V. 26. 6; M. 8. 5; Vā. 62. 186; 65. 52; 70. 8; Vi. I. 22. 5.] [ Footnote: 2) Bhā. VI. 6. 40; VIII. 13. 9; VI. 3. 12-34; VII. 2. 36-58;] [ Footnote: 3) Ib. X. 45. 42-6; IV. 15. 15; III. 30. 23; X. 64. 16-24.] [ Footnote: 4) Ib. VIII. 10. 29; X. [65 (v) 41]; [66 (v) 33-5]; Vi. V. 30. 60; VI. 5. 44.] [ Footnote: 5) Bhā. VI. 3. 2; IV. 12. 30; I. 13. 15.] [ Footnote: 6) Br. II. 21. 31; 24. 49; 29. 65; 36. 208; III. 1. 52; 7. 253 and 330; 13. 72; M. 93. 14; 266. 21 and 63; Vā. 50. 88; 69. 215; Vi. II. 8. 9; III. 7. 19, 35.] [ Footnote: 7) Br. III. 18. 1; 24. 4; 59. 23, 52-80; M. 11. 4-20.] [ Footnote: 8) Br. IV. 2. 151; 7. 54.] [ Footnote: 9) M. 67. 11.] [ Footnote: 10) Ib. 133. 63; 137. 32; 138. 25; 177. 50.] [ Footnote: 11) Ib. 191. 112-4.] [ Footnote: 12) Vi. II. 6. 6; III. 7. 5, 13-20.] [ Footnote: 13) M. 10. 19; 31. 12; 93. 14; 102. 22-3; 124. 22; 146. 77.] [ Footnote: 14) Ib. 148. 79-81; 150. 1-49; Vi. III. 2. 2.] [ Footnote: 15) M. 211. 14-28 and ch. 213 (whole).] [ Footnote: 16) Ib. 250. 46; 253. 25.] [ Footnote: 17) Ib. 261. 12; 268. 13.] [ Footnote: 18) Ib. 68. 20.] [ Footnote: 19) Ib. 135. 77.] [ Footnote: 20) Ib. 210. 5, chh. 211-14.] [ Footnote: 21) Ib. 213. 3.] [ Footnote: 22) Vā. 68. 23; 69. 61; 75. 56; 82. 1; 101. 150, 286; 106, 46; 108. 4 and 31; 110 10 and 38.] [ ID=11189 ]
- the son of Surenu and Vivasvan, lord of ancestors, and protector of the world  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yama (X) — the son of Sureṇu and Vivasvan; ill-treated by stepmother Chāyā, was about to kick her when she cursed him that he would lose his leg; he became Dharma- rāja, lord of Pitṛs and Protector of the world. Vā. 84. 22, 56-61. [ ID=11198 ]

### Attributes, Domain, and Retinue of God Yama (4 definitions)
- the jaws of death  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — दंष्ट्रा (daṃṣṭrā) ( pb ) ‘Yama's tooth’, the jaws of death. (
- the last eight days of the month Ashvina and the whole of Kartika  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — ष्ट्राः (ṣṭrāḥ) pl. ) the last eight days of the month Āśvina and the whole of Kārtika (regarded as a period of general sickness)
- a vehicle  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — वाहनः (vāhanaḥ)
- a buffalo  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — रथः (rathaḥ) a buffalo

### A Crow (animal) (2 definitions)
- a crow  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a crow, L. ( cf. - दूतक (-dūtaka) ) [ ID=170394 ]
- A crow.  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 10 A crow

### Driver or Charioteer (2 definitions)
- a driver or charioteer  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a driver, charioteer, ib. viii, 103, 10 [ ID=170383 ]
- A driver or charioteer  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 13 Ved. A driver, charioteer

### Grammatical Term (Twin Letter) (2 definitions)
- a twin-letter in grammar  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (in gram. ) a twin-letter (the consonant interposed and generally understood, but not written in practice, between a nasal immediately preceded by one of the four other consonants in each class), Prāt.; Pat. on Pāṇini (Author) i, 1, 8 [ ID=170398 ]
- The twin letter of any consonant  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मं (maṃ) 2 (In gram. ) The twin letter of any consonant

### Pitch or Tone of Voice (2 definitions)
- pitch of the voice  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > pitch of the voice, tone of utterance, key, Prāt. [ ID=170399 ]
- Pitch of the voice  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मं (maṃ) 3 Pitch of the voice

### The Planet Saturn (2 definitions)
- the planet Saturn  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > [Printed book page 846,2] N. of the planet Saturn (regarded as the son of Vivasvat and Chāyā), Hariv.; BhP. [ ID=170392 ]
- Saturn  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 9 N. of Saturn

### The River Yamunā or Goddess Yamī (2 definitions)
- Yama's twin sister, identified with the river goddess Yamuna  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2B) [Printed book page 846,2] यमी (yamī) ( ई (ī) ), f. N. of Yama's twin-sister (who is identified in Post-vedic mythology with the river-goddess Yamunā), RV. &c. &c. [ ID=170396 ]
- the river Yamuna  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — मी (mī) N. of the river Yamunā

### Tool or Means of Restraint (e.g., Rein, Bridle) (2 definitions)
- a rein, curb, or bridle  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > (H2) [Printed book page 846,1] यम (yama) m. a rein, curb, bridle, Ṛg-veda (Title) v, 61, 2 [ ID=170382 ]
- A rein or bridle  
  *Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > — अहिंसा (ahiṃsā) सत्यवचनं ब्रह्मचयर्मकल्कता । अस्तेयमिति (satyavacanaṃ brahmacayarmakalkatā. asteyamiti) पंचैते यमाख्यानि व्रतानि च ॥ (paṃcaite yamākhyāni vratāni ca..) ). 12 Ved. A rein, bridle

### A Screen or Curtain (Yamavanikā) (1 definition)
- A screen of cloth surrounding a tent.  
  *Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary*
  > [Printed book page 585-a ] यम ( व ) निका (yama(va)nikā) f. ( - का (-kā) ) A screen of cloth surrounding a tent. E. यम् (yam) to stop or check, aff. ल्युट्, कन् (lyuṭ, kan) added, fem. form; also जवनिका । (javanikā.) [ ID=32523 ]

### A Specific Type of Horse (1 definition)
- a bad horse with disproportionately small or large limbs  
  *Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)*
  > a bad horse (whose limbs are either too small or too large), L. [ ID=170395 ]

### A Specific Unit of Time (Muhūrta) (1 definition)
- a muhurta of the night  
  *The Purana Index*
  > Yama (III) — a muhūrta of the night. Br. III. 3. 42. [ ID=11191 ]

## Sources

Definitions from Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Index to the Names in the Mahabharata; Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary; Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872); Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899); Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary; The Purana Index; The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects; Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary; Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary.
Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon, University of Cologne.

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