आत्मन्ātman

आत्मन् (ātman) is a Sanskrit word meaning the breath, the soul, principle of life and sensation, the individual soul, self, or abstract individual, essence, nature, character, peculiarity, the body, the understanding, intellect, or mind. Its 158 recorded definitions are grouped into 17 contexts, among them Actions, States, or Qualities Primarily Concerning Oneself, Progeny (Son, Daughter, Descendant), Knowledge, Cognition, or Study of Self/Soul/Spirit.

Root
युज् (yuj)
Etymology
E. आङ्, अत to go, मनिन् Unādi aff
Definitions
158
View Declension Tables , 48 forms

Meanings by context

Actions, States, or Qualities Primarily Concerning Oneself

51 definitions
1. Independent. 2. Sentient or existing.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

worthy of oneself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

personal attendance

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

concealing oneself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

an impostor or pretender

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-counselled

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

a treaty dictated by the party wishing it himself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

dependent on oneself or on one's own mind

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Self-dependence. 2. Innate idea or abstract knowledge.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-possessed or master of self

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-exaltation or elevation

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. One who lives by his own labor. 2. A day laborer. 3. One who lives by his wife. 4. An actor or public performer.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

like oneself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Proud or loving oneself. 2. Loving only Brahma or the Supreme Spirit.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

one's own business or private affair

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Done by oneself. 2. Done against one's own self.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Course of the soul's existence. 2. One's own course.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

selfish, greedy

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. One's own victory. 2. Victory over oneself or self-denial.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-satisfied

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-satisfaction

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Self-sacrifice. 2. Suicide.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Self-preservation. 2. A bodyguard.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-sacrifice, resigning oneself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

being constantly in the heart or greatly endeared

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-reproach

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

offering oneself as a living sacrifice to the deity

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-illuminated

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-praise

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Self-respecting or respectable. 2. Arrogant or proud.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. The plant Indravaruni. 2. Self-protection.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

depending on one's own will

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Self-control or self-government. 2. Subjection or control over another.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-restrained

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

sale of oneself or one's own liberty

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-exaltation

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Mighty, powerful, or strong. 2. Appropriate, suitable, or good for oneself. 3. Existent or sentient.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

an account of one's own self, or an autobiography

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

dwelling in soul

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A state of the heart. 2. One's own state or circumstance. 3. Practising one's own duties or occupation.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-praise, boasting

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-restraint

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

dwelling in oneself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-sufficient

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

worthy of oneself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Internal or personal doubt. 2. Personal risk or danger.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. self-possessed. 2. talented, intelligent.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-aggrandizement

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-delighted

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

beneficial to oneself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

one's own good or welfare

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Progeny (Son, Daughter, Descendant)

16 definitions
a son

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

A son

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A son. 2. A wife's brother. 3. A jester in dramatic literature.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A son. 2. Cupid. 3. Sorrow or pain.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A daughter. 2. Intellect. 3. A plant, Mashparni.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

a son

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

born

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A son. 2. Cupid. 3. A descendant.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A daughter. 2. The reasoning faculty or understanding.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A daughter. 2. Talent or understanding.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A son. 2. Cupid.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A daughter. 2. Talent.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A son. 2. A wife's brother. 3. A jester in dramas.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

origin, birth, or production

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A son. 2. Cupid, the god of love. 3. An epithet of Brahma, Vishnu, or Shiva. 4. The Supreme Being.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A daughter. 2. Understanding or intellect.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Knowledge, Cognition, or Study of Self/Soul/Spirit

14 definitions
1. Seeking spiritual knowledge. 2. Delighted in oneself.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Name of a text treating of the supreme spirit

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

a sage, one who knows himself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Self-knowledge. 2. Spiritual knowledge or knowledge of the supreme spirit. 3. True wisdom.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. The true nature of the soul or the supreme spirit. 2. The highest thing.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Seeing oneself. 2. Spiritual knowledge or true wisdom.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

one who constantly seeks spiritual knowledge

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Name of a work elucidating the Upanishads consisting of 18 chapters

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Self-consciousness. 2. The title of an Upanishad.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

conversation about the supreme spirit

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Spiritual knowledge. 2. Knowledge of self.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Sacrificing for oneself. 2. A learned person who studies the nature of the self and soul to attain eternal bliss, viewing all beings equally.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A wise man or sage. 2. Knowing oneself. 3. An epithet of Shiva.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

spiritual knowledge

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Harm, Detriment, or Negative States Concerning Self/Soul

11 definitions
1. Suicide. 2. Heresy.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A suicide. 2. A heretic.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A suicide. 2. A heretic or unbeliever.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

corrupting the soul

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Self-tormenting or fretful. 2. A suicide.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

one who has lost himself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-deceiver

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-deception

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

suicide

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. One who neglects the welfare of their soul. 2. A self-destroyer or suicide. 3. A heretic or unbeliever. 4. A temple priest or attendant upon an idol.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

suicide

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Supreme Soul, Universal Principle, Brahma, Highest Bliss

11 definitions
the highest personal principle of life, Brahma

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The supreme deity and soul of the universe, Brahma.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

self-born, self-existent

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

earth

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. An epithet of Brahma. 2. An epithet of Vishnu. 3. An epithet of Shiva. 4. Cupid, the god of love. 5. A son.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

a portion of the Supreme spirit

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A brother. 2. Soul or supreme spirit.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

the universe

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

born of a vulva or matrix

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

the highest bliss

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. The Supreme Soul. 2. An epithet of Shiva or Krishna.

Index to the Names in the Mahabharata

General or Comprehensive Lexicographical Entries

9 definitions
1. Breath, soul, life, or self. 2. Essence, nature, or peculiarity. 3. The body. 4. Intellect or understanding. 5. The universal soul.

Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. The soul. 2. Natural temperament or disposition. 3. The supreme deity and soul of the universe. 4. Life or spirit. 5. The body. 6. Care or effort. 7. Firmness. 8. The intellect. 9. The mind. 10. The sun. 11. Fire. 12. Wind. 13. A son. 14. The self.

Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The soul, disposition, or self

Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Soul. 2. Brahman or the supreme spirit. 3. Spirit, vitality, or courage. 4. Body. 5. Natural disposition. 6. Understanding. 7. Mind. 8. Faculty of reason. 9. Sun. 10. Fire. 11. Wind. 12. Son. 13. Self. 14. Effort.

Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. The soul. 2. Natural temperament or disposition. 3. Brahma, the supreme deity and soul of the universe. 4. Life and spirit. 5. Body. 6. Care and effort. 7. Firmness. 8. The understanding and intellect. 9. The mind or faculty of reason. 10. The sun. 11. Fire. 12. Wind. 13. A son. 14. The self.

Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Breath. 2. The soul. 3. One's own self. 4. Self or own, used as a reflective pronoun. 5. The body. 6. Intellect or understanding. 7. The soul of the universe.

Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Breath, life, spirit, or soul. 2. The supreme spirit or universal soul. 3. Nature or character. 4. Oneself.

Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Breath. 2. Soul or spirit. 3. Self or reflexive pronoun. 4. Nature or character. 5. The supreme soul of the universe.

Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary

1. The breath or soul. 2. The principle of life and sensation. 3. The individual soul or self. 4. One's self, used as a reflexive pronoun. 5. Natural temperament or disposition. 6. Essence, nature, character, or peculiarity. 7. The whole body or person. 8. The understanding, intellect, mind, or faculty of thought. 9. The highest personal principle of life, Brahma, or the supreme deity and soul of the universe. 10. Care, effort, or firmness. 11. The sun. 12. Fire. 13. Wind or air. 14. A son.

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)

Figurative Uses & Specific Named Entities

7 definitions
a fish supposed to feed on its young or on the weakest of its species

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

a cave or animal lair

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A cock. 2. A crow.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

a mirror

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

a tutelary deity

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

a plant

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

shatavari

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Breath, Life Principle, Vitality, Existence

6 definitions
the breath

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

the soul, principle of life and sensation

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The soul, breath, or principle of life and sensation

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Spirit, vitality, courage

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

granting existence or life

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

granting the breath of life

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Essence, Nature, Intrinsic Character, Disposition

6 definitions
essence, nature, character, peculiarity

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Essence or nature

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Character, peculiarity

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The natural temperament or disposition.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Existence of the soul. 2. Peculiar nature. 3. The body.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Peculiarity or own nature. 2. Brahma.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Intellect, Mind, Understanding, Cognitive Faculties

5 definitions
the understanding, intellect, or mind

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Mind, intellect

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The understanding

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The thinking faculty and the faculty of thought and reason

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

produced in one's mind

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Natural Elements (Sun, Fire, Wind/Air)

5 definitions
the sun

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

fire

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The sun.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Fire

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Wind, air

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Effort, Firmness, Power, Ability, Strength

4 definitions
effort

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

firmness

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Care, effort, pain

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. One's own power, ability, or effort. 2. Illusion.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The Physical Body or Person

4 definitions
the person or whole body considered as one, as opposed to its separate members

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

the body

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The whole body

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Body hair. 2. Beard.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The Self, Individual Soul, Reflexive Pronoun

4 definitions
the individual soul, self, or abstract individual

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

oneself

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

spoken privately or to oneself, often used as a stage direction in dramas

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A kinsman. 2. The soul or self.

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Etymological, Linguistic, or Specific Grammatical/Numerical Usage

1 definition
No definition provided.

Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Form, Image, Appearance

1 definition
Form or image

Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

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Definitions on this page come from 12 works: Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata, Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary, Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872), Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon.