दुर्योधनduryodhana

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) is a Sanskrit word meaning hard to be fought against, the eldest son of Dhritarashtra and leader of the Kauravas, the son of Sudurjaya, invincible, the eldest of the Kuru princes, king of Mahishmati. Its 10 recorded definitions are grouped into 3 contexts, among them Duryodhana, son of Dhritarashtra (Epic Character), Invincible / Difficult to Conquer (Adjective), Other Individuals Named Duryodhana.

Definitions: 10

View Declension Tables , 48 forms

Meanings by context

Duryodhana, son of Dhritarashtra (Epic Character)

5 definitions

The eldest son of Dhritarashtra and leader of the Kauravas.

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The eldest of the Kuru princes and leader in the war against the Pandavas.

— Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The eldest of the Kuru princes

— Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

the eldest son of Dhritarashtra and Gandhari, and the enemy of the Pandavas

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) [Printed book page 276-1]
Duryodhana¹, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī,

and the enemy of the Pāṇḍavas. § 4 (Anukram.): I, 1,

108, 130, 139, 143, †174, †207.—§ 9 (Parvasaṅgr.): I, 2,

301.—§ 10 (do.): I, 2, 377, 411, 414, 422, 424, 484, 493,

496, 507, 510, 530, 558, 562.—§ 71 (Ādivaṃśāvatāraṇap.):

I, 61, 2238, 2239, 2279, 2281.—§ 83 (Ādivaṃśāvatāraṇa):

I, 63, 2441 (°sya jananī, i.e. Gāndhārī, the daughter of

Subala), 2446 (the eldest of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's 100 sons).—§ 130

(Aṃśāvat.): I, 67, 2722 (born from a portion of Kali), 2726,

2728 (enumeration of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's 100 sons).—§ 131b

(Karṇa); I, 67, 2784 (°sya sacivaṃ, i.e. Karṇa).—§ 157

(Pūruvaṃś.): I, 95, ††3810, ††3820.—§ 180 (Gāndhārī-

putrotpatti): I, 115, 4506, 4507 (D. was born on the same

day as Bhīmasena; as soon as he was born he cried like an

ass; Vidura in vain told Dhṛtarāṣṭra to abandon D.).—§ 182

(Dhṛtarāṣṭraputranāmak.): I, 117, 4541 (enumeration of

Dhṛtarāṣṭra's 100 sons).—§ 190 (Pāṇḍavotpatti): I, 123,

4777 (Bhīmasena was born on the same day as D.).—§ 194

(Pāṇḍu): I, 126, 4913 (Dhṛtarāṣṭrasya dāyādā D°purogamāḥ).

—§ 197 (Bhīmasenarasapāna): I, 128, 4993, 4998, 5008,

5011, 5017, 5036, 5047, 5064, 5068 (gave Bhīmasena poison

in the food).—§ 203 (Droṇa): I, 132, 5222 (disciple of

Droṇa; Karṇa and D. disregarded the Pāṇḍavas).—§ 205

(do.): I, 132, 5270 (Duryodhana and Bhīmasena became

very skilled in the use of the mace, and were jealous of each

other).—§ 206 (do.): I, 132, 5287.—§ 208 (Astradarśana):

I, 135, 5350, 5377 (combat between D. and Bhīmasena with

the mace); 136, 5389, 5391, (5392), (5394), 5400 (installs

Karṇa as king of the Aṅgas); 137, 5427, 5438, 5442 (sides

with Karṇa against the Pāṇḍavas).—§ 209 (Drupadaśāsana):

I, 136, 5449, 5461, 5463 (with the assistance of his pupils

Droṇa defeated Drupada).—§ 213 (Jatugṛhap.): I, 141,

5635, 5654, (5666); 142, 5674, 5675, 5676, (5683), (5691);

143, 5696; 144, 5715, (5717), 5733; 148, 5832; 149,

5849; 150, 5858 (D. orders Purocana to construct the lac

house in Vāraṇāvata and to burn the Pāṇḍavas to death).—

§ 215 (Bakavadhap.): I, 162, 6248.—§ 231 (Svayaṃvarap.):

I, 185, 6957 (°purogamāś ca sa-Karṇāḥ Kuravaḥ, came to the

svayaṃvara of Draupadī).—§ 232 (do.): I, 186, 6981.—

§ 233 (do.): I, 187, †7019; 188, 7051.—§ 234 (do.): I,

190, 7093, 7116, 7118.—§ 241 (Vidurāgamanap,): I, 200,

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7373, 7383, 7384, 7391; 201, (7399); 202, 7416; 203,

7443, 7445; 204, 7464.—§ 243 (do.): I, 205, 7498, 7516,

7517.—§ 287 (Rājasūyikap.): II, 34, 1265 (came to the

rājasūya of Yudhiṣṭhira).—§ 288 (do.): II, 35, 1287, 1295

(received the tributes brought to Yudhiṣṭhira).—§ 289

(Arghāharaṇap.): II, 37, 1349 (rājendre).—§ 292 (Rāja-

sūyikap.): II, 45, 1627 (remained in the palace of

Yudhiṣṭhira).—§ 293 (Dyūtap.): II, 46, 1640 (°āparā-

dhena), 1661.—§ 294 (do.): II, 47, 1662, 1676, 1677

(nṛpateḥ), 1679 (Dhārtarāṣṭraḥ), 1681 (Dhṛtarāṣṭrasya,

putraḥ), 1682, (1683); 48, 1702, (1714), (1719), 1723,

(1724); 49, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1730, (1736), 1766, (1770),

1772, 1775; 50, 1790, (1801) (D.'s mistakes in the

palace of Yudhiṣṭhira; D. becomes jealous of the Pāṇḍavas.

Śakuni suggests to invite the Pāṇḍavas to a match of dice,

to which Dhṛtarāṣṭra consents).—§ 295 (do.): II, 51,

(1821); 52, (1857).—§ 296 (do.): II, 53, (1908).—§ 297

(do.): II, 55, (1945).—§ 298 (do.): II, 56, (1969), (1971),

(†1977); 58, 2015; 59, (2049), (2058); 62, 2096, 2097;

63, †2111 (Dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putraḥ), 2112 (°āparādhena),

2113, †2115; 64, (†2121) (at the game Yudhiṣṭhira loses

his brothers, himself, and Draupadī).—§ 299 (do.): II, 66,

(2186); 67, (2199), †2201, (2209), 2210, 2215, †2219,

(†2221), †2223 (orders Draupadī to be brought into the sabhā).

—§ 301 (do.): II, 70, (†2363); 71, 2387, (†2399), †2404;

73, 2444 (Bhīmasena vows to break the thigh of Duryodhana

(v. 2393)).—§ 302 (Anudyūtap.): II, 74, 2454, 2456, (2458)

(persuades Dhṛtarāṣṭra to invite Yudhiṣṭhira once more to

a match of dice).—§ 303 (do.): II, 75, 2480 (all. to § 180).

—§ 304 (do.): II, 77, †2536, 2539 (Bhīmasena vows to slay

D.), 2544, 2549, 2556.—§ 306 (do.): II, 80, 2653, 2655,

2656; 81, 2678 (all. to § 299), 2688 (do.), 2695 (all. to

§ 301).—§ 308 (Āraṇyakap.): III, 1, 14, 16, 17 (nṛpaḥ).—

§ 311 (do.): III, 4, †232, †233, †237.—§ 313 (do.): III,

7, 298, 300 (D. and his counsellors set out to slay the

Pāṇḍavas, but are warned by Vyāsa); 8, 312.—§ 314 (do.):

III, 9, 325, 345.—§ 315 (Maitreyaśāpa): III, 10, 348, 350,

363, 364, 374, 376, 384 (disregards Maitreya, who curses

him, saying that Bhīmasena shall break his thigh).—§ 316

(Kirmīravadhap.): III, 11, 440.—§ 317 (Arjunābhigamanap.):

III, 12, 465, 538, 595 (Bhīmasena will slay D.).—§ 318

(do.): III, 13, 598.—§ 325 (Draupadīparitāpav.): III, 27,

996.—§ 327 (do.): III, 33, 1266, 1344.—§ 328 (Kāmyaka-

vanapr.): III, 36, 1420, 1422, 1424, 1429.—§ 329 (do.):

III, 36, 1435 (nṛpasutāt).—§ 330 (Indradarśana): III, 37,

1463.—§ 340 (Indralokābhigamanap.): III, 49, 1932, 1941

(all. to § 301).—§ 341 (do.): III, 50, 1956.—§ 342 (do.):

III, 51, 1980, 1995, 2002.—§ 343 (Nalopākhyānap.): III,

52, 2030, 2038 (Bhīmasena will slay D.).—§ 383 (Tīrtha-

yātrāp.): III, 99, 8651.—§ 401 (Balarāma): III, 119,

†10242, †10243, 10258.—§ 402 (Tīrthayātrāp.): III, 120,

†10268.—§ 424 (Bhīmakadalīkh.): III, 146, 11100.—

§ 431 (Saugandhikāharaṇa): III, 151, 11328.—§ 512

(Ghoṣayātrāp.): III, 236, †14761, †14771; 237, 14772;

238, 14796, 14813; 239, 14824, 14841, 14848; 240,

14849, 14866, 14871 (nṛpaḥ), 14875; 241, 14880, 14883,

14896, 14906; 242, 14914, 14916, 14918, 14925, 14926;

243, 14939; 246, 15012, 15015, 15030, 15033; 247,

15039, 15045, 15052; 248, (15053), 15058 (rājā Dhārta-

rāṣṭraḥ); 249, (15070); 250, 15123; 251, 15124

(rājānaṃ), 15136 (rājā) (on the ghoṣayātrā D. and his

followers are made prisoner by the Gandharvas, but set free

by the Pāṇḍavas; at this D. becomes dejected and is resolved

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to give up his life).—§ 513 (do.): III, 251, 15145, 15154;

252, 15185 (the Daityas and Dānavas summon D. into their

presence, and tell him that they in former days had obtained

him from Maheśvara by means of tapas, etc., and that incarnate

Asuras will assist him in the battle).—§ 514 (do.): III, 252,

15192 (returns to Hāstinapura).—§ 515 (Karṇadigvijaya):

III, 253, 15223 (Karṇa conquers the whole earth and causes

it to pay tribute to D.).—§ 516 (Duryodhanayajña): III,

255, 15273, 15274 (Kaurava); 256, 15306 (nṛpasattamaḥ);

257, 15343 (D. performs the Vaiṣṇava sacrifice).—§ 518

(Mṛgasvapnodbhavap.): III, 258, 15353.—§ 521 (Draupadī-

haraṇap.): III, 262, 15494 (Dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ…D°ādayaḥ),

15497, 15500, 15502, 15506 (nṛpaḥ), 15519 (gratifies Dur-

vāsas and sends him to annoy the Pāṇḍavas).—§ 547

(Karṇa): III, 308, 17169 (Karṇa became the friend

of D.).—§ 548 (Āraṇeyap.): III, 313, 17309.—§ 549

(Pāṇḍavapraveśap.): IV, 1, 1.—§ 551 (Kīcakavadhap.):

IV, 22, 728.—§ 552 (Goharaṇap.): IV, 25, 868; 26, 883

(rājā); 30, 973, 990 (rājā); 35α, 1149; 36, 1176; 38,

1238, 1244; 39, 1299, (1300); 47, 1471 (rājā); 48,

1527; 49, 1550; 51, (1598), 1599, 1601, 1604; 52,

(1621); 53, 1652; 54, †1660, †1661, †1664; 55, 1696

(°purogamāḥ), [1746 (on the top of D.'s standard was an

elephant)], 1756; 63, 2021; 65, †2090, †2091, †2097,

†2100, †2103 (°tvā), †2104; 66, †2107, †2108, †2109,

†2128, †2129, †2132; 68, 2168, 2203, 2238; 69, 2245

(on the expedition to rob the kine of Virāṭa, D. is

defeated by Arjuna).—§ 554 (Sainyodyogap.): V, 1, †13,

†23; 2, †27, †30, †39; 4, 64, 68, 72, 89; 5, 99; 7, 139,

152, 153, 160, 165 (D. chooses to get the Nārāyaṇas for his

allies).—§ 555 (do.): V, 8, 178, 179, 182, 186, 187, (189),

191, (193), 194, 210, 211 (prevails upon Śalya to join him

with his troops); 18, 557, 561 (°āparādhena), 569; 19δ,

586, 587, 596 (eleven akṣauhiṇīs joined D.).—§ 556

(Sañjayayānap.): V, 20, 615; 21, 631, 633, 635, 637;

22, †651, †652, †678; 26, †760; 27, †791; 29, †859;

31, 927.—§ 557 (Prajāgarap.): V, 33, 989.—§ 558 (do.):

V, 35, 1257.—§ 559 (do.): V, 36, †1329, †1333; 38,

1444; 39, 1450, 1476; 40, 1563.—§ 561 (Yānasandhip.):

V, 47, 1799 (Kururājaṃ); 48, †1810, †1870, †1901; 49,

1917, 1941, 1950; 51, 2028; 52, 2098; 54, 2136 (°mukhāḥ

…Kauravāḥ); 55, (2143), 2176, 2183; 56, (2214),

(2219); 57, 2245 (destined to become the adversary of

Bhīmasena in the battle), 2250 (°sutāḥ), (2267), 2289, 2290

(nṛpaṃ); 58, 2296, (2304), 2313; 60, 2362, 2363; 62,

†2424, †2428; 63, (2429); 64, 2477; 65, 2482; 67, 2513

(Dhārtarāṣṭre); 69, 2544, (2545).—§ 562 (Bhagavadyānap.):

V, 72, 2664; 73, 2697, 2703, 2709, †2716; 74, 2718,

2724, 2726, 2734, 2736; 75, 2752; 81, 2866; 82, 2878,

2901; 83, 2932; 85κ, 3023, 3033 (rājā), 3038 (do.); 86,

3053, 3058 (°gṛhāt), 3060; 87, 3076; 88, (3078), (3089),

3094; 89, 3103; 90, 3188, 3212, 3235 (°gṛhān); 91,

3236 (°gṛhaṃ), 3241, 3246 (rājā), 3247, 3269; 92, †3299,

†3301, †3303; 93, 3316, 3321; 94, 3336, 3346, 3363,

3378; 95, 3392 (putrās tava…D°purogamāḥ).—§ 564

(Mātalīyop.): V, 97, 3501 (Kaṇva told D. the Mātalīyo-

pākhyāna); 105, 3711.—§ 567 (Bhagavadyānap.): V, 124,

4123, 4126, 4128, 4129; 125, 4186, 4194, 4204, 4205, 4208,

4209, 4212; 126, 4214; 127, 4233; 128, 4259, 4280,

4306, 4308; 129, 4313, 4325, 4328, 4329 (D. will not

make peace with the Pāṇḍavas); 130ν, 4366, 4895, 4396,

4404, 4405 (plans to seize Kṛṣṇa); 131, 4418.—§ 569 (do.):

V, 137, 4671; 138, 4676; 140, 4767, 4769, 4776; 141,

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4804 (Bhīmasena will slay D.); 142, 4832 (rājāno rājaputrāś

ca D°vaśānugāḥ); 143, 4835, 4837 (rājāno rājaputrāś ca

D°vaśānugāḥ), 4870; 147, 4962, 4972; 148, 5002, 5021,

5023, †5031, †5034; 149, 5040, 5041.—§ 570 (Sainyanir-

yāṇap.): V, 153, 5190 (rājā), 5195; 154, 5218; 155,

5243 (rājā, arrayed his troops), 5271, 5272 (rājā); 157,

5342, 5347 (has been the disciple of Balarāma); 158, 5386

(rejected Rukmin); 159, 5396, 5398.—§ 571 (Ulūka-

dūtāgamanap.): V, 160, 5408 (rājā), 5410 (do.) (D. sends

Ulūka to the Pāṇḍavas); 161, 5536; 162, 5597, 5626;

163, 5643; 164ε, 5706 (Bhīmasena is pitted against D.).—

§ 572 (Rathātirathasaṅkhyānap.): V, 165, 5714 (me mandāḥ

putrā D°ādayaḥ), 5719, (5725); 168, 5819, 5826 (Bhīṣma

enumerates to D. the rathas and atirathas of both armies).—

§ 573 (Ambopākhyānap.): V, 173, (5942), 5944 (Bhīṣma

relates to D. the tale of Ambā); 188, (7389) (Bhīṣma

relates to D. the tale of Śikhaṇḍin); 192, 7557 (Kauravyo

rājā); 193, 7572 (rājā); 194, 7583; 195, 7603, (ζ), 7611

(nṛpatiḥ), 7614, 7619 (rājā, the army of D. took up its

position at one end of Kurukṣetra).—§ 574 (Jambūkh.):

VI, 1, 16; 9, 309, 311.—§ 575 (Bhūmip.): VI, 12, 490.—

§ 576 (Bhagavadgītāp.): VI, 14, 530, 540, 570, 576, 583;

15, 588, 598; 16, 625 (°vaśānugāḥ | rājāno rājaputrāś ca),

627; 17, 661 (the device of D.'s standard was an elephant

set with gems (maṇimayaḥ)); 19, 704 (Kuravaḥ…

D°purogamāḥ); 20ζ, †747 (description of his elephant);

25, 831 (rājā).—§ 577 (Bhīṣmavadhap.): VI, 43, 1620

(°hitaiṣiṇaṃ, sc. Karṇa).—§ 578 (do.): VI, 44α, 1652;

45⁴, 1688 (fights with Bhīmasena); 48³¹, 1902, (³²), 1910,

(³³), 1922; 49, 1995, 2005, 2007; 50, 2033; 51υ, 2105

(rājā).—§ 579 (do.): VI, 52, 2123 (putras…tava),

2133, (β), 2134 (Dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ…D°purogamāḥ), (δ),

2145, (³), 2154 (rājā), (ζ), 2160; 53⁶, 2230; 55¹⁸, 2372

(rājā, father of Lakṣmaṇa).—§ 580 (do.): VI, 56γ, 2407

(rājā); 57, 2458 (putraḥ…tava); 58⁶, 2475, 2477,

2478 (rājā, fights with Ghaṭotkaca and Bhīmasena; is

pierced by Bhīmasena and swoons away), (⁹), 2489, 2490

(rājā); 59, †2607, (ν¹²), †2621, †2622 (fights with Arjuna),

(ο), 2643.—§ 581 (do.): VI, 60α, †2652, (β), †2672; 62,

2720, (ζ), 2731, 2740 (pierces Dhṛṣṭadyumna), (⁶), 2747,

2749 (attacks Bhīmasena); 63⁷, 2780 (putraḥ…tava);

64¹², 2815 (rājā), 2817, 2819, 2825 (fights with Bhīmasena,

who swooned away), (¹³), 2835 (pierced by Bhīmasena), (¹⁷),

2895 (nṛpatiḥ); 65, 2909, 2925, (2928); 67, (3014)

(Bhīṣma relates to D. the glory of Kṛṣṇa).—§ 582 (do.):

VI, 69³, 3072 (rājā); 70⁹, 3117 (do.); 71ε, 3140; 72,

3165 (Bhīmasena proceeds against D.); 73, 3213 (fights

with Bhīmasena); 74¹³, 3244 (rājā), 3270.—§ 583 (do.):

VI, 75γ, 3294, (θ), 3304; 76, 3334; 77, 3337, (³), 3342

(°ānujān), (⁹), 3403; 78¹⁰, 3413 (rājā), 3417 (do.), 3419

(fights with Bhīmasena), 3420 (°ānujāḥ), 3431, 3438; 79,

3450 (rājā), (¹²), [3464 (b: D.'s (Kurupateḥ). standard bore

the device of an elephant set with gems)], 3466, 3467,

3468 (fights with Bhīmasena); 80, †3518, †3523.—§ 584

(do.): VI, 81, 3549, (¹), 3556 (attacks Dhṛṣṭadyumna(?));

82, 3579 (rājā); 84, 3713 (°balaṃ); 85⁷, †3761, †3767;

86¹³, 3830 (°purogamās tu putrās tava), 3831 (rājā), 3836

(°mukhān rathān), 3837 (nṛpatiḥ).—§ 585 (do.): VI, 87α,

3849 (rājā), 3858 (do.), 3859; 88, 3897 (rājā, protected

Bhīṣma), 3917 (rājā), 3922 (do., censures Bhīṣma); 89,

3936, 3949; 90, 4018 (sutaḥ…tava); 91, 4072 (rājā),

4076, 4081, 4083 (putraḥ…tava), 4087, 4088, 4094

(fights with Ghaṭotkaca, etc.); 92, 4103, 4108, 4114

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(rājñā), 4120 (putraṃ…tava), 4123 (°balasya); 93, 4139;

94, 4182 (rājā, attacks Bhīmasena), 4192, 4201 (rājā), (αα),

4225 (defeated); 95, 4232 (rājā), 4240, 4318 (rājā); 96,

4329 (°āparādhena); 97ιι, 4404 (rājā), 4406 (do.), 4417

(pūtraḥ…tava), 4446 (do.); 98, 4451, 4475, 4477, 4490,

4494 (rājā).—§ 586 (do.): VI, 99δ, 4505; 100, 4530

(°balaṃ), 4552; 102, 4651 (rājā), (ι), 4665, 4681 (°balaṃ);

103, 4720 (°āparādhena), 4723 (putraḥ…tava); 104,

4737 (do.); 105, 4768, 4777, 4791; 107, 4931.—§ 587 (do.):

VI, 109, 5069, 5079; 111, 5154; 113, 5287 (rājā); 114,

5317; 115, 5361 (attacked Yudhāmanyu (B. Abhimanyu));

116, 5379, 5380 (fights with Abhimanyu); 119, 5678.—

§ 588 (do.): VI, 120, 5710, 5749 (putraḥ…tava);

121, †5798, †5799 (Kauravendraḥ), 5800; 122, 5841

(°aiśvaryaṃ), 5843.—§ 589 (Droṇābhiṣekap.): VII, 1, 39;

4, 121 (Karṇa had made many peoples to acknowledge D.'s

sway, cf. § 515), 123 (°hitaiṣiṇā, sc. Karṇa), 124 (yathā), 125,

126 (yathā), 128 (do.), 131 (Kuravaḥ…D°purogamāḥ);

5, 134, (138), 154; 6, 155 (rājā), (156), 167, 168; 7, 174

(°mukhā nṛpāḥ, made Droṇa the leader of his army); 10κ,

315 (°balaṃ), 324 (°purogamān), 366; 11, 421.—§ 590 (do.):

VII, 12, 438 (rājā), 442, 464; 13, 471; 16, 668.—§ 591

(Saṃśaptakavadhap.): VII, 17, 674.—§ 592 (do.): VII,

20, 796 (rājā); 22, 924 (°hitaiṣiṇaṃ Bhāradvājaṃ), 929,

(930), 948 (rājā); 24, 1053, 1057, 1058; 25, 1068; 26,

1138, 1142 (fights with Bhīmasena); 30, 1332; 32χ, 1376

(rājā), 1377 (fights with Bhīmasena), (εε), 1441.—§ 593

(Abhimanyuvadhap.): VII, 33, 1457; 34β, 1500; 37,

1585 (attacks Abhimanyu), 1591, (ι), 1602, (κ), 1611;

39μ, 1650, 1660, 1666; 40, 1698; 45, 1820, 1830, 1831;

46, 1835, (τ), 1838, 1841, 1850 (his son Lakṣmaṇa is slain

by Abhimanyu); 48, 1900; 51, 2001.—§ 596 (Pratijñāp.):

VII, 74α, 2619, 2625, 2633; 79, 2796.—§ 598 (Jaya-

drathavadhap.): VII, 85, 3014, 3031, 3032, (ε), 3052, 3054,

3060; 86, 3069, 3072; 87, 3112.—§ 599 (do.): VII, 93,

3369; 94, (3435) (Droṇa cases D. in an invulnerable

armour); 95, 3486; 100, 3751 (°āparādhena), 3760; 101,

3799 (rājā), 3802, 3804; 102, 3832, 3838; 103, 3851,

3858, 3867, 3873 (fights with Arjuna); 104, 3906, 3912;

105ν, [3951 (on the standard of D. (rājñaḥ), which was

set with gold, there was an elephant adorned with gems

(maṇimayaḥ) and tinkling with the sound of a hundred

bells)], 3959 (°mukhānāṃ); 112, 4322, 4340; 114, 4468,

4494 (rājā); 115, 4555; 116αα, 4606, 4621, 4625 (putraḥ

…tava, encounter with Sātyaki); 119, 4733 (rājā), 4737

(do.); 120δδ, 4767, 4788 (rājā), 4794, 4797 (encounter with

Sātyaki); 121, 4816, 4818; 124, 4993, 4995, 4999; 125,

5092; 128, 5261, 5266, 5267 (rājā), 5268, 5269, 5276;

130, 5335, 5339 (Bhārataḥ), 5342, 5346, 5348 (fights with

Yudhāmanyu and Uttamaujas); 131, 5366; 132, 5413;

133ττ, 5463, 5492 (nṛpaḥ); 134, 5515, 5516; 135υυ, 5537,

5538, 5540; 136, 5592 (rājā); 137, 5631 (rājā); 5634,

5654; 141, 5865; 145μμμ, 6062, 6064 (rājā), 6079, (οοο),

6096, 6109, 6133 (encounter with Arjuna); 146, 6227;

147, 6366; 148, 6408; 150, (6505); 151, 6530, (γʹ),

6534, 6541, 6568; 152, 6570 (rājā), 6571 (putraḥ…

tava).—§ 600 (Ghaṭotkacavadhap.): VII, 153, 6615, 6637

(defeated by Yudhiṣṭhira); 154, 6641, 6674; 155γ, 6683,

6685, 6702, (δ), 6720; 156, 6750, 6844, (6847); 158,

6970, 7002, (ψ), 7030, 7038, 7041; 159, 7051 (rājā),

(7054), 7067, 7082, 7109 (rājā), 7125, (7128); 160, 7143,

7160 (putraṃ…tava); 161, 7205 (rājā); 162, †7291;

164, 7328, 7336, 7348 (putraḥ…tava); 165, 7363

Page278-b+ 63

(attacks Bhīmasena); 166, 7438 (rājā), 7439, 7441 (rājā),

7443, 7444, 7445, 7453 (defeated by Bhīmasena); 170λλ,

7625, 7654; 171, 7693 (rājā), 7694, 7695, 7703 (defeated

by Sātyaki); 174, 7849, 7882, 7884; 176, 8009, 8014;

177, 8027 (tava putrās te D°purogamāḥ), 8033; 178, 8110,

8111; 181δδδ, 8215; 182ζζζ, 8266, (ηηη), 8281 (°purogamāḥ);

183ζζζ, 8294, 8309 (°purogamāḥ).—§ 601 (Droṇavadhap.):

VII, 184, 8372 (rājā, protects Droṇa), 8391; 185, 8419,

(8420), 8427, (γ), 8428.—§ 602 (do.): VII, 186, 8461

(°purogamāḥ), (ζ), 8470, (θ), 8504; 187ι, 8544, (κ), 8551,

8552, 8567, 8570 (rājā, fights with Nakula); 189, 8646,

8649 (rājā), (8655), 8663, 8671, 8672 (fights with Sātyaki);

192, 8809 (°ādayaḥ), 8812 (do.), 8851.—§ 603 (Nārā-

yaṇāstramokṣaṇap.): VII, 193α, 8909, 8921, 8925; 195,

8981; 199χ, 9224 (rājñaḥ); 200, 9281, (9287), (ω), 9289,

(αα), 9308.—§ 604 (Karṇap.): VIII, 1, 1 (°mukhā nṛpāḥ),

6 (°niveśane), 19 (Karṇaṃ D°hitaiṣiṇaṃ); 2γ, 45; 3δ, 56

(rājā); 4ε, 85; 5ζ, 98 (parikleśān D°kṛtān); 7, †204; 8,

230, 234, 238; 9θ, 269, 273, 284, 321, 324, 325.—§ 605

(do.): VIII, 10, 351 (rājā), 363, 364, (λ), 385 (nṛpaḥ), 387

(°mukhāḥ…rājānaḥ); 11π, 415 (rājā); 13, 494; 19,

738, 764 (°bale); 23, 913 (°balaṃ); 28, 1119 (rājā), 1122

(fights with Yudhiṣṭhira); 29, 1174, 1180 (rājā), 1182,

1190 (rājā), 1195, 1197 (fights with Yudhiṣṭhira); 30,

1222, 1224 (fights with Arjuna); 31οο, 1253, 1262, (ππ),

1265, 1269, 1270, 1271, 1273, 1284, 1298, (1321); 32,

1354.—§ 606 (do.): VIII, 33, (1391) (related the Tripurā-

khyāna to Śalya); 34, (1454), (1465), (1591) (related to

Śalya how Rāma Jāmadagnya obtained weapons from Śiva),

(1611); 35, (1620), 1652, 1654, 1656, 1661.—§ 607 (do.):

VIII, 36, (1670), 1673, 1686, 1696; 38, 1776; 42, †1991,

†1994.—§ 608 (do.): VIII, 46, 2142 (nṛpaḥ); 47λ, 2228;

50, 2391, 2400: 51γγ, 2441, 2442; 56, 2698 (fights with

Nakula and Sahadeva), 2723 (defeated by Dhṛṣṭadyumna),

2726 (d: the standard of D. (Kurupateḥ) was set with

golden aṅgadas, and bore the device of an elephant worked in

jewels (maṇimayaṃ)), 2767 (°balaṃ); 57, 2840, 2844, 2845

(°bale); 58χχ, 2866; 60, 2980 (rājā sarvasya lokasya),

2986, (ωω), 2988, 2989, 3025; 61, 3128 (pierced by

Bhīmasena); 62, 3144, 3153 (pierced by Sahadeva), 3156,

3175; 63, 3181, 3205 (defeated by Bhīmasena); 64, 3253,

3256; 66ιι, 3314, †3344; 74ϕϕϕ, 3759, 3761, 3779 (rājā);

75χχχ, †3811; 77, 3889 (rājā), 3907, 3933 (putraḥ…

tava); 78, 3940, 3989; 79ζʹ, 4011 (rājā); 83, †4259;

84οʹ, 4270, 4272; 85, †4307, †4338, †4341, †4342; 88αβ,

†4503, †4510; 89, †4618; 92, †4820, †4827, †4833 (when

Karṇa had been slain D. became dejected); 93, 4849,

4880, 4882; 94, †4895, †4916, †4917, †4958 (patiṃ…

Bhāratānāṃ); 95αυʹ, 4967 (putraḥ…tava), 4973 (nṛpatiḥ).

—§ 609 (Śalyap.): IX, 1α, 11 (rājā), 29 (hato rājā, all. to

§ 615), 39; 2, 104 (hataḥ, do.), 106 (°vadhena), 115 (°āparā-

dhena), 122 (nihataḥ).—§ 610 (do.): IX, 3, 141, 171, 173,

175, 186 (putraḥ…tava); 4, 192, (μ), 193; 5, 286; 6,

298, 314, (319); 7, 321, (ρ), 322, 326 (appointed Śalya

leader of his army).—§ 611 (do.): IX, 8, 367 (rājā), (ε),

381, 392; 11, 567; 12, 620 (°purogamāḥ), 621 (°purogamān,

slays Cekitāna), 627 (fights with Dhṛṣṭadyumna); 13, 686

(rājā); 15, 753, 756 (fights with Dhṛṣṭadyumna); 16, 834

(defeated by Bhīmasena), 855; 17, †874, 943 (°balaṃ), 945;

18, 956, 957, 971, 973, (976), 994 (°balaṃ); 19δδ, 1010,

1016, 1027, 1050 (putraṃ…tava), 1053; 21, 1123

(°balaṃ), 1124 (nṛpaṃ), 1128 (rājā); 22, 1135, 1136, 1141,

1161; 23, 1187 (rājā), 1207 (°balaṃ); 24, 1279, 1280, 1316,

Page279-a+ 63

1320; 25, 1360 (deprived of his chariot by Dhṛṣṭadyumna),

1376, 1377, 1380, 1398; 26, 1403 (Kauravye); 27, 1443,

1444, (σσ), 1447, 1448 (°balaṃ), 1449, 1461, 1467, 1470

(°balaṃ), 1471, 1477 (fights with Sahadeva); 28, 1520

(rājā), 1551.—§ 612 (Hradapraveśap.): IX, 29, 1572 (rājā),

1582, 1585, 1587, 1591, 1593 (putraḥ…tava, being

alone left of the whole army D. fled and entered the

Dvaipāyana lake); 1601, 1609, 1618 (tava sutaḥ), 1625

(rājā), 1626, 1637 (°āmātyāḥ), 1645, 1649, 1658 (rājā);

30δ, 1674 (rājā), 1678 (°vadhepsayā), 1684, (1687), 1698,

1704 (nṛpaḥ), 1705, 1709, 1711 (nṛpaṃ), 1714 (do.), 1717,

1724, 1728, 1731 (rājā), 1736 (found by the Pāṇḍavas);

31, 1742, (1780), (1786), 1796 (tava sutaṃ).—§ 613 (Gadā-

yuddhap.): IX, 32, (1844), 1860 (putraḥ…tava), (1863),

1864 (do.), (1868), 1881 (do., will fight with the mace against

one of the Pāṇḍavas); 33, 1889, 1899, 1914, 1929, 1930,

(1940), 1945 (nṛpaṃ; Bhīmasena will fight with D.).—§ 614

(do.): IX, 34, 1951 (Kauravyaṃ), 1953.—§ 615 (do.):

IX, 35, 1982.—§ 615 (Baladevatīrthayātrā): IX, 54, 3065.

—§ 615 (Gadāyuddhap.): IX, 55, 3079 (putraḥ…tava),

3088 (rājā), 3097, 3101 (rājā), 3103, 3119, 3120, 3123;

56, 3157, 3167, 3172 (the encounter between Bhīmasena

and D. begins); 57, 3175, 3184, 3201, 3221, 3222, 3230;

58, 3280, 3285, 3287, 3292 (Bhīmasena breaks the thighs

of D. with his mace), 3305; 59, 3311, †3320, 3330

(Bhīmasena struck D.'s head with his foot); 60, 3367 (hato

rājā Dhārtarāṣṭraḥ), 3373; 61, 3388 (hataṃ), 3389 (do.),

3396, 3398 (°śiraḥ…pādena mṛditaṃ), 3401, 3403 (°vadhe),

(ϕ), 3410 (nṛpaḥ), 3414, (3438), 3446, 3459 (nihatam);

62ψ, 3463, 3465 (°puraḥsarāḥ); 63, 3505 (hate), 3510

(hataṃ…Dhārtarāṣṭraṃ), 3524 (hate), 3564; 65, 3626

(hataṃ), 3636, 3670 (orders Kṛpa to install Aśvatthāman as

generalissimo).—§ 616 (Sauptikap.): X, 1α, 16, 59 (hataḥ

…rājā); 2, 94; 3, 137; 5, 198; 8, 321; 9, 479

(hataḥ), 489 (do.), 505, 508, 511, 527, 532, 537 (died and

went to heaven).—§ 617 (Aiṣīkap.): X, 16η, 753 (hataḥ).

—§ 618 (Jalapradānikap.): XI, 1α, 1 (hate), (β), 17; 8ζ,

218 (Dhṛtarāṣṭrasya putrāṇāṃ yas tu jyeṣṭhaḥ); 9η, 249

(hate); 11, 292 (°balāt); 13μ, 350; 14ξ, 375 (°āparādhena),

378; 15ο, 387, 391 (hatvā D°ṃ).—§ 619 (Strīvilāpap.):

XI, 16, 456; 17β, 487, 488, 498, 503 (nihataṃ Bhīmasenena),

505, 511 (°śubhāṅkagāṃ…Lakṣmaṇamātaraṃ), 514; 18γ,

541 (nṛpaṃ); 25κ, 732 (father of Lakṣmaṇa), 736.—§ 620

(Śrāddhap.): XI, 26, 757, (β), 786 (his body is cremated);

27, 809 (°balaṃ).—§ 621 (Rājadh.): XII, 1γ, 28 (nṛpaṃ),

41 (°hitaiṣiṇaḥ, i.e. Karṇa); 2δ, 53 (friend of Karṇa); 3,

107; 4, 108, 111, 119 (Kauravyaḥ), 123, 128 (ravished the

daughter of Citrāṅgada at her svayaṃvara); 5, 135; 7η,

189.—§ 623 (do.): XII, 14α, 392; 16, 509 (nihataḥ).—

§ 635 (do.): XII, 38, 1415 (°sakhā, i.e. Cārvāka), 1425

(°sakhā Cārvāko nāma).—§ 636 (do.): XII, 39, 1438 (rājā).—

§ 637 (do.): XII, 44, 1521 (°gṛhaṃ, given to Bhīmasena),

1523 (do.).—§ 641 (do.): XII, 124, 4552, 4554, 4555,

(4559), (4566), 4613 (discourse between Dhṛtarāṣṭra and

D.).—§ 719 (Ānuśāsanikap.): XIII, 1, 10 (nihataḥ), 82.—

§ 768 (do.): XIII, 148, 6898, 6929, (ε), 6930 (°āparādhena).

—§ 777 (Svargārohaṇika(ṃ) p.): XIII, 168, 7746.—§ 778

(Aśvamedhikap.): XIV, 1, 11 (°āparādhena), 17; 3, 55

(°āparādhena), 56.—§ 783 (Anugītāp.): XIV, 52β, 1496

(°sya…vadhopāyaḥ).—§ 787 (Āśramavāsap.): XV, 2,

56; 3, 65, 69 (nītaḥ kṣayaṃ), (γ), 77 (°ṃ Kauravāṇām

ādhipatye 'bhyaṣecayaṃ, says Dhṛtarāṣṭra), 111 (°ādayaḥ);

8, 279 (°aiśvaryāt); 9λ, 286; 10μ, 317, 321 (rājñā), 327,

Page279-b+ 62

329; 11, 363, 374 (°ādayaḥ); 14σ, 415 (rājānaṃ).—§ 789

(Putradarśanap.): XV, 31η, 852 (incarnation of Kali); 32θ,

876 (among the dead warriors who, summoned by Vyāsa, arose

from the Gaṅgā).—§ 791 (do.): XV, 36, 975 (°prabhṛtayo

…lokāntaraṃ gatāḥ).—§ 795 (Svargārohaṇap.): XVIII,

1, 4, 6, (α), 7, 12 (nṛpaṃ), 13 (rājā), 18 (rājñā), 20; 6, 174

(the followers of D. had been Rākṣasas).

Cf. the following synonyms:—

Ājamīdha⁶, q.v.

Bhārata, Bharataśardūla, Bharataśreṣṭha,

Bhāratāgrya, Bharatarṣabha, Bharata-

sattama, Bhāratasattama, q.v.

Dhārtarāṣṭra, Dhṛtarāṣṭraja, Dhṛtarā-

ṣṭraputra, Dhṛtarāṣṭrasūnu, Dhṛtarā-

ṣṭrasuta, Dhṛtarāṣṭrātmaja, q.v.

Gāndhāri (“son of Gāndhārī”): II, 1791; III, 14842,

15046, 15301; V, 190, †1838, 3031, 3706, 4118, 5049, 5730,

5806, 7108; VI, 3454, 4464, 4470; VII, 3457, 6544, 7125,

8449; VIII, 383, 1356, 1363, 1375, 1387, 1648, 1662; IX,

1850 (Suyodhana), 1851, 3427; X, 511.

Gāndhārīputra (do.): II, 1725.

Kaurava, Kauravaśreṣṭha, Kauravanan-

dana, Kauravātmaja, Kauravendra, Kaura-

veya, Kauravya, q.v.

Kuru, Kuruśreṣṭha, Kurūdvaha, Kuru-

kulaśreṣṭha, Kurukulādhama, Kurumukhya,

Kurunandana, Kurupati, Kurupravīra, Kuru-

puṅgava, Kururāja, Kurusattama, Kurusiṃha,

Kurūttama, Kuruvardhana, q.v.

Suyodhana: I, 470, 497, 553, 5343, 5417, 5443,

5783, 5789, 5792, 5794, 5809, 6040, 7398; II, 1668, 2102,

2541 (Bhīmasena will slay S. and place his foot on his head);

III, 890, 1080 (°vadhāt), 1115, 1156, †1356, †1367, 1481,

2040, 2046, 2049, 2051, †10286, 10887, †12323, †12326,

†12590 (Dhārtarāṣṭraḥ), 14876, 14941, 14944, 14948, 14950,

14951, 14968, 14975, 15011, 15018, 15041, 15104, 15151

(rājā), 15155, 15187, 15192, 15199, 15204, 15210, 15310

(rājā), 15314, 15509, 15515, 15516, 17292, 17453; IV,

646, 1645, 1648 (rājā), 1747 (do.), 2285; V, 136, 145, 594,

†697, †749, †759, †762, †766, †860, †883, 935, 1954, 2281,

2498, †2506, 2592, 2663, 2673, 2816, 2830, 2842, 2854,

2860, 2864, 2879, 2880, 2922, 2958, 3191, 3509, 3743, 4283

(Dhārtarāṣṭraḥ), 4394, 4419, 4451, 4461, 4824 (rājānaṃ),

4886, 4970 (rājā, read Suyodhanaḥ with B.), 5086, 5088,

5225, 5583, 5598, 5621, 5629, 5636, †5651 (Dhārtarāṣṭraṃ),

5656, 5658, 5661, 5664, 5666, 5673, 5676, 5678, 5679

(Kauravyaṃ Dhārtarāṣṭraṃ), 5681, 5688, 5693 (rājā), 5655

(Dhāratarāṣṭraṃ); VI, 2494 (rājā), 2750 (do.), 2872 (rājānaṃ),

3459, 3925, 4330 (only B.), 4463, 5050, 5844; VII, 792,

2657 (°āmātyāḥ), 2659, 2664, 2687, 2697, 2803, 3805, 3813,

3823, 4202, 4245 (°balaṃ), 4714 (°purogamāḥ), 4717 (do.),

4729, 4731, 4735, 4736, 4873 (rājā), 4884, 4885, 5270, 5459,

5882 (Kururājaṃ), 6065 (rājā), 6247, 6310 (all. to Gāndhārī-

putrotpatti), 6477, 6494 (putras tava), 6591, 7127, 7272

(rājā), 7455, 8005, 8217, 8243 (Bhīmasena will slay S.),

8331 (rājā), 8341; VIII, 5 (rājā), 73 (hataṃ), 311, 1178,

2156, 2710 (rājā), †3342, †3351, †3395, 3630, 3647, 3654,

3669, 3698, 3699, 3715, 3729, †4231, †4233, †4749; IX,

2, 4 (Dhārtarāṣṭraḥ), 1292, 1303, 1315, 1451, 1701, 1749,

1759, 1761, 1771, 1772, 1774, 1784, 1798, 1840, 1850, 1871,

1896 (rājā), 1900 (do.), 1906, 1909, 1921 (Dhārtarāṣṭre),

1923, 3144, 3145 (Kauravendre), 3206, 3207, 3249, 3252,

Page280-a+ 62

3258, 3262, 3263, 3356 (Bhīmasena had vowed to break his

thighs, cf. II, 2393), 3366, 3386 (hato rājā); XII, 185,

4624; XIII, 6901 (°balaṃ); XIV, 12 (rājā), 385 (do.),

1806 (nihate Kauravendre); XV, 110; XVIII, 6, 10, 71

(rājā).

[ID=3805]

— Index to the Names in the Mahabharata

The eldest son of Dhritarashtra and Gandhari, principal antagonist of the Pandavas in the Mahabharata, known for attempting to burn the Pandavas in a house of lac, banishing them after a rigged game of dice, and ultimately being killed by Bhima with a mace in the Kurukshetra war.

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) [Printed book page 2-104]
Duryodhana — the eldest of the hundred sons of Dhṛta-

rāṣṭra and Gāndhāri;¹ Subhadrā was intended by Rāma to

be given in marriage to him;² was met by Kṛtavarman and

taken leave of;³ went from Balabhadra and learnt gadā from

Balarāma at Mithilā;⁴ mistook the colour of the flooring of

the Pāṇḍava's sabhā (built by Maya) for a sheet of water

and had a nasty fall at which Bhīma and the ladies laughed.

This enraged Duryodhana who was conciliated by

Yudhiṣṭhira who sent clothes to him through Kṛṣṇa.

He did not accept them, but went home downcast;⁵

kept under influence Vinda and Anuvinda of Avanti;⁶

banished the Pāṇḍavas and Draupadī to the forest

for defeat in the game of dice;⁷ resented Sāmba's

action in taking away his daughter Lakṣmaṇā in

svayamvara and wanted to punish him; heard of Rāma's

arrival and extended welcome to him; afraid of Rāma's

prowess agreed to the marriage of his daughter to Sāmba

and gave a rich dowry;⁸ did not feel happy over the success

of the Rājasūya, where he was in charge of the treasury;⁹

failed to hit the fish mark in Lakṣmaṇā's svayamvara;¹⁰

Jealous of Kṛṣṇa and Draupadī, his mind set on the latter;¹¹

ordered Vidura's banishment for offering good counsel,

and insulted him as the son of a dāsi;¹² met the Pāṇḍavas in

war at Kurukṣetra; arranged in vyūha at Syamanta-
Page2-105+ 39

pañcaka; fought with Bhīmasena who killed him with his

gada; lay in the battlefield with his thigh fractured, along

with eleven Akṣauhiṇis.¹³ Built a house of lac to get the

Pāṇḍavas consumed by flames.¹⁴
[Footnote: 1) Bhā. IX. 22. 26; X. 64. [4]; M. 50. 48; Vā. 99. 243; Vi. IV.

20. 39.]

[Footnote: 2) Bhā. X. 86. 3.]

[Footnote: 3) Ib. X. 52. (56. V. 12).]

[Footnote: 4) Ib. X. 57.

26; Br. III. 71. 84; Vā. 96. 83.]

[Footnote: 5) Bhā. X. 58. 27; 75. 34-39.]

[Footnote: 6) Ib. X.

58. 30.]

[Footnote: 7) Ib. X. 64. [4].]

[Footnote: 8) Ib. X. 68. (whole); Vi. V. 35. 4-5, 11.]

[Footnote: 9) Bhā. X. 74. 53; 75. 2 and 4.]

[Footnote: 10) Ib. X. 83. 23.]

[Footnote: 11) Ib. X. 75. 31-32.]

[Footnote: 12) Ib. I. 7. 14; III. 1. 14-15.]

[Footnote: 13) Ib. X. 78 (16 (V) 15, 18-19), 39; 79.

23; 80 [1]; III. 3. 13; M. 103. 3-5.]

[Footnote: 14) Vi. IV. 13. 70.]
[ID=6105]

— The Purana Index

Invincible / Difficult to Conquer (Adjective)

3 definitions

hard to be fought against

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

invincible

— Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Invincible. 2. The eldest son of Dhritarashtra.

— Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Other Individuals Named Duryodhana

2 definitions

the son of Sudurjaya

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

king of Mahishmati

— Index to the Names in the Mahabharata

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Definitions on this page come from 7 works: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata, Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary, The Purana Index, Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon.