1. A single thread or strand of a cord, rope, garland, bow-string, sinew, or musical chord.
2. A multiplier, coefficient, fold, or times.
3. A division, subdivision, species, or kind.
4. A secondary element, subordinate part, auxiliary act, side-dish, or unessential property.
5. An attribute, property, or characteristic in general, including those of the five elements or created things.
6. A constituent of nature according to the Sankhya philosophy.
7. A term for the number three.
8. A good quality, virtue, merit, excellence, or proper course of action in politics.
9. A peculiar property of letters pronounced with external utterance.
10. A secondary gradation of a vowel.
11. Consistency of plan or elegance of expression in rhetoric.
12. An organ of sense.
13. A cook.
14. An epithet of Bhima.
गुण (guṇa) [Printed book page 0291-a] गुण (guṇa) guṇa, as, m. (said to be fr. rt.
grah),
a single thread or strand of a cord or twine (e. g.
tri-guṇa, consisting of three threads or strands),
a string or thread, a rope in general; a garland; a
bow-string; a sinew; the string of a musical instru-
ment, a chord; (at the end of a compound after a
Page0291-b+ 81 numeral) fold, times, &c. (e. g.
tri-guṇa, three-fold;
dvi-guṇa, two-fold, double;
catur-guṇa, four-fold;
sapta triguṇāni dināni, twenty-one days;
mūl- yāt pañcaguṇo daṇḍaḥ, a fine five times more
than the value;
duṣṭo daśaguṇam, ten times
worse;
dviguṇatvam i, to become double;
viśiṣṭo daśabhir guṇaiḥ, of ten times higher value); a
multiplier, a co-efficient (in arithmetic); division,
subdivision, species, kind (e. g.
gandhasya guṇāḥ, the different kinds of smell); a secondary element,
a subordinate or unessential part of any action, an
auxiliary act (e. g.
sarva-guṇa, reaching to all sub-
ordinate parts, hence ‘valid throughout’); a secondary
dish (opposed to
anna, i. e. rice or the chief dish), a
side-dish; quality, the unessential part of anything
(opposed to the substance); a quality, a peculiarity,
an attribute or property in general, an attribute of
the five elements, (each element has its own peculiar
quality or qualities as well as organ of sense; thus 1.
ether has
śabda or sound for its Guṇa and the ear
for its organ; 2. the air has tangibility and sound for
its Guṇas and the skin for its organ; 3. fire or light
has shape or colour, tangibility, and sound for its
Guṇas, and the eye for its organ; 4. water has
flavour, shape, tangibility, and sound for its Guṇas,
and the tongue for its organ; 5. earth has the pre-
ceding Guṇas, with the addition of its own peculiar
Guṇa of smell, and the nose for its organ); an in-
gredient or constituent of nature (according to the
Sāṅkhya philosophy, which makes nature to consist
in the equipoise of three Guṇas called
sattva, rajas, and
tamas, i. e. goodness, passion, and darkness, or
virtue, foulness, and ignorance); a term for the
number three (taken from the three qualities of the
Sāṅkhya system); a property or characteristic of all
created things (according to the Nyāya philosophy,
which makes twenty-four Guṇas, viz. 1.
rūpa, shape,
colour; 2.
rasa, savour; 3.
gandha, odour; 4.
sparśa, tangibility; 5.
saṅkhyā, number; 6.
parimāṇa, dimension; 7.
pṛthaktva, severalty; 8.
saṃyoga, conjunction; 9.
vibhāga, disjunction; 10.
paratva, remoteness; 11.
aparatva, proximity; 12.
gurutva, weight; 13.
dravatva, fluidity; 14.
sneha, viscidity;
15.
śabda, sound; 16.
buddhi or
jñāna, under-
standing or knowledge; 17.
sukha, pleasure; 18.
duḥkha, pain; 19.
icchā, desire; 20.
dveṣa, aversion; 21.
prayatna, effort; 22.
dharma, merit
or virtue; 23.
adharma, demerit; 24.
saṃskāra, faculty); an epithet; a good quality, virtue, merit,
excellence, eminence, high degree, proper course
of action in politics, (the six proper courses of
action for a king in foreign politics are peace, war,
march, halt, stratagem, and recourse to the protection
of a mightier king; besides these the four Upāyas,
or means of conquering an enemy, are sometimes
called Guṇas; see
upāya); the peculiar property of
the letters which are pronounced with the
vāhya- prayatna or external utterance, (these properties
are eleven in all, viz.
vivāra, expansion of the
throat;
saṃvāra, contraction;
śvāsa, sighing;
nāda, sounding;
ghoṣa, soft sound or low murmur;
a-ghoṣa, absence of that murmur;
alpa-prāṇa, slight aspiration;
mahā-prāṇa, strong aspiration;
and the three accents); a secondary or subordinate
gradation of a vowel (in opposition to the highest
gradation or
vṛddhi), the vowels
a, e, o (with
ar, al); the merit of a composition in rhetoric, i. e.
consistency of plan, elegance of expression, &c. an
organ of sense; a cook; an epithet of Bhīma [cf.
guṇa-kāra]; (
ā), f., N. of a grass,
= dūrvā; a kind
of perfume,
= māṃsa-rohiṇī; N. of a princess; [cf.
gauṇa, nir-guṇa, vi-guṇa, sa-guṇa; cf. also Hib.
gaoine, ‘goodness, honesty.’]
—Guṇa-karaṇḍa- vyūha, as, m. title of a Buddhist work; [cf.
ka- raṇḍa-vyūha.]
—Guṇa-karman, a, n. an unessen-
tial secondary action; (in grammar) the secondary
or less immediate object of an action.
—Guṇa- karma-vibhāga, as, ā, am, distinguishing an action
and an attribute; (
as), m. separation of an action
and an attribute.
—Guṇa-kāra, as, ī, am, one who
counts &c. productive of good qualities, profitable;
Page0291-c+ 81 (
as), m. one who prepares side-dishes or any secon-
dary article of food, such as sweetmeats &c. an
epithet of Bhīma-sena, who performed the duties of
a cook while the Pāṇḍava princes were servants to
Virāṭa.
—Guṇa-kiraṇāvalī, f., N. of a literary
work.
—Guṇa-ketu, us, m., N. of a Buddha.
—Guṇa-keśī, f., N. of a daughter of Mātali, who
was the charioteer of Indra.
—Guṇa-gāna, am, n.
praising the virtues of another, panegyric, praise.
—Guṇa-gṛdhnu, us, us, u, desiring or possessing
good qualities.
—Guṇa-gṛhya, as, ā, am, capable
of good qualities, admiring virtue, attached to merit.
—Guṇa-grahaṇa, am, n. acknowledging or appre-
ciating merit.
—Guṇa-grāma, as, m. an assemblage
of virtues or merits.
—Guṇa-grāhaka, as, ā, am, or
guṇa-grāhin, ī, iṇī, i, capable of appreciating
merit; one who can appreciate good qualities.
—Guṇa-ghātin, ī, inī, i, destroying merit, a de-
tractor, a calumniator, envious, censorious.
—Guṇa- candra, as, m., N. of a man; N. of a disciple of
Deva-sūri, who was the author of a commentary
called Tattva-prakāśaka-vṛtti.
—Guṇa-jña, as, ā, am, one who knows how to appreciate men or
things, knowing or judging of their merits.
—Guṇa- tas, ind. according to the three chief qualities of all
existing beings, from the side of the good qualities
or virtues; according to property or quality; according
to desert; according to the Guṇas or properties of
the letters pronounced with the Vāhya-prayatna.
—Guṇa-tā, f. subordination, dependence; virtue,
excellence, the possession of good qualities; the
possession of attributes or qualities in general; mul-
tiplication.
—Guṇa-traya or
guṇa-tritaya, am, n.
the three constituent properties of nature, or
sattva, rajas, and
tamas.
—Guṇatrayābhāsa (°ya-ābh°), as, m. life.
—Guṇa-tva, am, n. the condition of a
rope or string; subordination; excellence; the pos-
session of qualities; multiplication.
—Guṇa-deva, as, m., N. of a son of Guṇāḍhya.
—Guṇa-doṣa, au, m. pl. innocence and guilt, virtue and vice.
—Guṇa-doṣa-parīkṣaṇa, am, n. test or in-
vestigation of merits and defects.
—Guṇa-dhara, as, ā, am, possessing good qualities.
—Guṇa- dharma, as, m. the virtue or duty incident to the
possession of certain qualities, as clemency is the
virtue and duty of royalty &c.
—Guṇa-padī, f. hav-
ing feet thin as cords.
—Guṇa-pūga, am, n. great
merit.
—Guṇa-prakarṣa, as, m. great merit, ex-
cellence.
—Guṇa-prabha, as, m., N. of a Buddhist
teacher.
—Guṇa-priya, as, ā, am, attached to merit,
fond of excellence.
—Guṇa-bhadra, as, m., N. of
the author of the Ātmānuśāsana; N. of a literary
work.
—Guṇa-bhuj, k, k, k, enjoying or endowed
with qualities.
—Guṇa-bhedatas, ind. according to
the difference of quality &c.
—Guṇa-bhoktṛ, tā, trī, tṛ, perceiving the properties of things.
—Guṇa- bhraṃśa, as, m. the loss of all good qualities or me-
rits.
—Guṇa-mati, is, m., N. of a Buddhist teacher.
—Guṇa-maya, as, ī, am, consisting of single
threads; produced by or consisting of the three
constituent properties of nature (see
guṇa), resting
on them, containing them, endowed with properties;
possessed of merit or virtues.
—Guṇa-mahat, t, n.
great merit, superior qualities.
—Guṇa-yukta, as, ā, am, possessed of virtues or properties.
—Guṇa- ratna, am, n. the pearl of good qualities, title of
a short collection of sentences by Bhava-bhūti.
—Guṇaratna-kośa-stotra, am, n., N. of a hymn
by Parāśara-bhaṭṭa.
—Guṇa-rāga, as, m. delighting
in the good qualities of others.
—Guṇa-rāja-pra- bhāsa, as, m., N. of a Buddha.
—Guṇa-rāśi, is, m. an epithet of Śiva; N. of a Buddha.
—Guṇa- lakṣaṇa, am, n. mark or indication of internal
property.
—Guṇa-layanikā or
guṇa-layanī, f. a
tent.
—Guṇa-lubdha, as, ā, am, desirous of merit;
attached to excellence; patronising merit.
—Guṇa- vacana, am, n. an attributive; an adjective.
—Guṇa- vat, ān, atī, at, endowed with qualities; endowed
with good qualities, with virtues or merits or excel-
lences; excellent, perfect; (
ān), m., N. of a son of
Guṇavatī; (
tī), f., N. of a daughter of Su-nābha, the
Page0292-a+ 81 wife of Śāmba and mother of Guṇa-vat.
—Guṇavat- tama, as, ā, am, most excellent.
—Guṇavat-tara, as, ā, am, more excellent, excellent.
—Guṇavat-tā, f. or
guṇavat-tva, am, n. the state of possessing
qualities, the possession of good qualities, or of
virtues; excellence.
—Guṇa-varṇana, am, n. the
describing the merits of another person.
—Guṇa- vartin, ī, inī, i, being on the path of virtue.
—Guṇa-varman, ā, m., N. of a man.
—Guṇa- vācaka, as, ikā, am, denoting a quality; (with
śabda) an attributive noun, an adjective.
—Guṇa- vāda, as, m. pointing out good qualities or merits.
—Guṇa-vidha, as, ā, am, possessed of different
qualities.
—Guṇa-vivecanā, f. discernment in appre-
ciating the merits of a person, a just sense of merit.
—Guṇa-viśeṣa, as, m. a different property.
—Guṇa- viṣṇu, us, m., N. of a scholiast.
—Guṇa-vistara, as, ā, am, abounding in excellent qualities.
—Guṇa- vṛkṣa or
guṇa-vṛkṣaka, as, m. a mast or post
to which a ship or boat is fastened.
—Guṇa-vṛtti, is, f. a secondary or essential condition or relation
(opposed to
mukhyā vṛttiḥ); character or style of
qualities or merits.
—Guṇa-vaicitrya, am, n. variety
of qualities.
—Guṇa-vaiśeṣya, am, n. pre-eminence
of merit or of any property.
—Guṇa-śata, am, n. a
hundred excellent qualities.
—Guṇa-śabda, as, m.
an adjective.
—Guṇa-śīla, as, ā, am, virtuous.
—Guṇa-ślāghā, f. encomium, praise.
—Guṇa-saṅ- kīrtana, am, n. celebration of qualities.
—Guṇa- saṅkhyāna, am, n. the theory of the three essential
properties.
—Guṇa-saṅga, as, m. association with
properties or qualities.
—Guṇa-saṅgraha, as, m. a
collection of merits or properties; acknowledging or
appreciating of merit.
—Guṇa-samudra, am, n. an
ocean of virtues.
—Guṇa-sampad, t, f. great merit,
perfection.
—Guṇa-sāgara, as, ā, am, endowed
with all good qualities; (
as), m. an ocean of good
qualities, one endowed with all virtues; an epithet of
Brahmā; N. of a Buddha.
—Guṇa-stuti, is, f.
panegyric, encomium.
—Guṇa-sthāna-prakaraṇa, am, n. title of a Buddhist and Jaina work.
—Guṇa- hīna, as, ā, am, void of merit, free from properties;
poor (as food).
—Guṇākara (°ṇa-āk°), as, m. a
mine or multitude of merits, one endowed with all
virtues; a N. of Buddha Śākya-muni, the founder of
the Buddhist religion; an epithet of Śiva; N. of a
poet; (
as, ā, am), possessing all excellences.
—Gu- ṇākṣara (°ṇa-ak°), probably for
ghuṇākṣara, q. v.
—Guṇāguṇa-jña (°ṇa-ag°), as, ā, am, a judge of
merit and demerit.
—Guṇāgradhara (°ṇa-ag°), as, m., N. of a man.
—Guṇāḍhya (°ṇa-āḍh°), as, ā, am, rich in virtues or excellences; (
as), m., N. of a
Brāhman, = Mālyavat in a former birth.
—Guṇātīta (°ṇa-at°), as, ā, am, freed from or beyond all
properties.
—Guṇātman (°ṇa-āt°), ā, ā, a, having
qualities.
—Guṇādhāra (°ṇa-ādh°), as, m. a re-
ceptacle of virtues, i. e. a virtuous person.
—Guṇā- dhipa (°ṇa-adh°), as, m., N. of a king.
—Guṇā- dhiṣṭhānaka (°ṇa-adhiṣṭhāna), am, n. the re-
gion of the breast where the girdle is fastened.
—Guṇā- nurāga (°ṇa-an°), as, m. delight or pleasure in
the good qualities of others, approbation.
—Guṇā- nurodha (°ṇa-an°), as, m. conformity or suitable-
ness to good qualities &c.
—Guṇāntara (°ṇa-an°), am, n. a different kind of merit, variety of property
or quality.
—Guṇānvita (°ṇa-an°), as, ā, am, hav-
ing attributes or qualities; excellent, good, endowed
with virtues.
—Guṇāpavāda (°ṇa-ap°), as, m. de-
traction.
—Guṇābdhi (°ṇa-ab°), is, m. a Buddha;
[cf.
guṇa-sāgara.]
—Guṇābhāsa (°ṇa-ābh°), as, m. semblance of qualities.
—Guṇāyana (°ṇa-ay°), as, ī, am, one who goes on the path of virtue.
—Guṇālaṅkṛta (°ṇa-al°), as, ā, am, adorned
with virtues or good qualities.
—Guṇālābha (°ṇa- al°), as, m. inefficiency.
—Guṇāśraya (°ṇa-āś°), as, ā, am, virtuous, excellent, able, endowed with
good qualities.
—Guṇeśa (°ṇa-īśa), as, m. a lord of
the three qualities; N. of a mountain.
—Guṇeśvara (°ṇa-īś°), as, ī, am, having good qualities &c.
(
as), m., N. of a mountain; according to some, Citra-
kūṭa or Chatarkot in Bundelcund.
—Guṇotkarṣa Page0292-b+ 78 (°ṇa-ut°), as, m. excellence of merit, the being
endowed with superior qualities.
—Guṇotkīrtana (°ṇa-ut°), am, n. panegyric, eulogium.
—Guṇot- kṛṣṭa (°ṇa-ut°), as, ā, am, superior in merit or
in good qualities.
—Guṇopeta (°ṇa-up°), as, ā, am, endowed with good qualities, rich (as food).
—Guṇaugha (°ṇa-ogha), am, n. superior or abun-
dant merit.
[ID=17456]
