कृष्णkṛṣṇa

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) is a Sanskrit word meaning black, dark, or dark-blue, wicked, evil, the dark half of the lunar month from full to new moon, the fourth or Kali-yuga, black or dark-blue, the antelope. Its 139 recorded definitions are grouped into 14 contexts, among them Various Human Individuals Named Krishna, Other Deities, Epic/Mythical Figures, The Color Black, Darkness, Evil, or Primary Senses.

Etymology: E. कृष to attract, as the minds of men, &c. नक् Uṇādi affix; (this is applied to KṚṢṆA, &c.) else, कृष to tinge, affix the same; again कृष्ण black, &c. and अच् affix, fem. affix टाप्
Definitions: 139

View Declension Tables , 48 forms

Meanings by context

Various Human Individuals Named Krishna

28 definitions

Name of a poet of the Rigveda descended from Angiras

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a son of Devaki and pupil of Ghora Angirasa

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

See Harita

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a son of Shuka by Pivari and teacher of yoga

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a pupil of Bharadvaja

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of Havirdhana

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a son of Arjuna

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

an adopted son of Asamanjas

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of a chief of the Andhras

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

belonging to the author of a commentary on the Mahabharata

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of a poet

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

the author of a commentary on the Dayabhaga

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the son of Keshavarka and grandson of Jayaditya

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the father of Tana-bhatta and uncle of Ranga-natha

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the father of Damodara and uncle of Malhana

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the father of Prabhujika and uncle of Vidyadhara

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the father of Madana

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the grammarian Rama-candra

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the son of Varunendra and father of Lakshmana

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the father of Hira-bhatta

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a son of Havirdhana and Havirdhani

— The Purana Index

a king who was the brother of Balin

— The Purana Index

a pupil of Sumantu of Atharva Veda fame

— The Purana Index

a son of Dullola

— The Purana Index

a son of Shuka and Pivari

— The Purana Index

an Andhaka

— The Purana Index

an adopted son of Asamaujasa

— The Purana Index

The name of a seer in the Rigveda

— The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects

Other Deities, Epic/Mythical Figures

24 definitions

An attendant in Skanda's retinue

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of an Asura

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a king of the Nagas

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of Arjuna

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of Vyasa

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Krishna and Arjuna

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Name of Draupadi

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

an epithet of Durga

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

one of the seven tongues of fire

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of one of the mothers in Skanda's retinue

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of a Yogini

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a kind of demon or spirit of darkness

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Name of Vyasa, the reputed author of the Mahabharata

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Name of Arjuna

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Draupadi, wife of the Pandavas

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

an epithet of Durga

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

One of the seven tongues of fire

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

an epithet of fire

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

an epithet of Durga

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Vyasa, the compiler of the Mahabharata, divider of the Vedas, and author of the Puranas. 2. An incarnation of Narayana and sage born to Parashara and Satyavati.

— The Purana Index

a name of Arjuna

— The Purana Index

a name of Brahma

— The Purana Index

the asura of the second tala, the Sutala

— The Purana Index

a name of Vyasa

— The Purana Index

The Color Black, Darkness, Evil, or Primary Senses

22 definitions

black, dark, or dark-blue

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

wicked, evil

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

black or dark-blue

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

blackness, darkness

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Black, dark, or dark blue

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Wicked, evil

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The black colour

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Blackness or darkness

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

An inauspicious act.

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Money acquired by gambling.

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

dark-brown

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Black or dark. 2. The dark half of the lunar month. 3. The black antelope. 4. An incarnation of Vishnu. 5. Blackness or darkness.

— Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Black or dark blue. As a noun, 1. The color black or dark blue. 2. The deity Krishna, the most celebrated form of Vishnu. 3. The sage Vyasa, compiler of the Vedas. 4. A name of Arjuna. 5. The Indian cuckoo. 6. A crow. 7. The karonda fruit. 8. The dark half of the lunar month from full to new moon. As a neuter noun, 1. Black pepper. 2. Iron. 3. Blue vitriol. 4. Black agallochum. As a feminine noun, 1. Draupadi, wife of the Pandavas. 2. The indigo plant. 3. Long pepper. 4. A grape. 5. The kakoli drug. 6. Nigella indica. 7. Black mustard. 8. The Krishna river. 9. A poisonous black leech.

— Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Black. 2. Krishna, a crow, a cuckoo, or the dark half of the moon. 3. Draupadi, indigo, a grape, or a medicinal drug. 4. Black pepper or iron.

— Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Black, dark, or dark-blue. 2. Wicked or evil.

— Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. The black colour. 2. The black antelope. 3. A crow. 4. The Indian cuckoo. 5. The dark half of a lunar month. 6. The Kali age. 7. Vishnu in his eighth incarnation as the son of Vasudeva and Devaki. 8. An epithet of Vyasa. 9. An epithet of Arjuna. 10. Aloewood.

— Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Blackness or darkness. 2. Iron. 3. Antimony. 4. The pupil of the eye. 5. Black pepper.

— Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Black or dark blue. 2. The deity Krishna, considered the supreme form of Vishnu. 3. The sage Vyasa. 4. A name of Arjuna. 5. The Indian cuckoo. 6. A crow. 7. The karonda fruit. 8. The dark half of the lunar month. 9. Black pepper. 10. Iron. 11. Blue vitriol. 12. Black agallochum. 13. Draupadi, wife of the Pandavas. 14. The indigo plant. 15. Long pepper. 16. A grape. 17. The kakoli drug. 18. Kalonji. 19. Black mustard. 20. The Krishna river. 21. A poisonous black leech.

— Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Black or dark blue. 2. The dark half of a month from full moon to new moon. 3. The celebrated incarnation of Vishnu. 4. The black antelope. 5. A name of Durga. 6. The name of several plants.

— Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Black or dark. 2. The dark half of the month or the black antelope. 3. An ancient hero and god identified with Vishnu. 4. A black leech, several plants, or an epithet of Durga and Draupadi. 5. Night. 6. Blackness or darkness.

— Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

black, dark

— Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary

Black, dark, dark-blue, wicked, evil

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) [Printed book page 0250-b]
कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) 1 . kṛṣṇa, as, ā, am (said to be fr.

rt. kṛṣ), black, dark, dark-blue (opposed to śveta,

śukla, rohita, and aruṇa); wicked, evil; (as), m.

black, the colour, or dark-blue, which is often con-

founded with black by the Hindūs; the black ante-

lope; a kind of beast of prey (described in the Veda

as feeding on carrion and dead corpses); a crow; the

Indian cuckoo or Kokila; the plant Carissa Carandas;

the dark half of the lunar month from full to new

moon [cf. kṛṣṇa-pakṣa below]; the fourth or

Kali-yuga; N. of one of the poets of the Ṛg-veda

descended from Aṅgiras; N. of a celebrated Avatār

of the god Viṣṇu, or sometimes identified with

Viṣṇu himself, as distinct from his ten Avatārs

or incarnations. (In the earlier legends he ap-

pears as a great hero and teacher; in the more

recent he is deified, and is often represented as

a young and amorous shepherd with flowing hair

and a flute in his hand. The following are a few

particulars of his birth and history as related in the

Purāṇas &c.: Vasu-deva, who was a descendant of Yadu

and Yayāti, had two wives, Rohiṇī and Devakī.

The latter had eight sons, of whom the eighth was

Kṛṣṇa. Kaṃsa, king of Mathurā and cousin of

Devakī, was informed by a prediction that one of

these sons would kill him. He therefore kept Vasu-

deva and his wife in confinement, and slew their first

six children. The seventh was Bala-rāma, who was

saved by being abstracted from the womb of Devakī

and transferred to that of Rohiṇī. The eighth was

Kṛṣṇa, who was born with black skin and a peculiar

mark on his breast. His father Vasu-deva managed

to escape from Mathurā with the child, and favoured

by the gods found a herdsman named Nanda, whose

wife Yaśodā had just been delivered of a son, which

Vasu-deva conveyed to Devakī, after substituting his

own in its place. Nanda with his wife Yaśodā took

the infant Kṛṣṇa and settled first in Gokula or

Vraja, and afterwards in Vṛndāvana, where Kṛṣṇa

and Bala-rāma grew up together, roaming in the

woods and joining in the sports of the herdsmen's

sons. Kṛṣṇa as a youth contested the sovereignty

of Indra, and was victorious over that god, who

descended from heaven to praise Kṛṣṇa, and made

him lord over the cattle. Kṛṣṇa is described as

sporting constantly with the Gopīs or shepherdesses,

of whom a thousand became his wives, though only

eight are specified, Rādhā being the favourite. Kṛṣṇa

built and fortified a city called Dvāraka in Gujarāt,

and thither transported the inhabitants of Mathurā

after killing Kaṃsa. Kṛṣṇa had various wives be-

sides the Gopīs, and by Rukmiṇī had a son Pra-

dyumna, who is usually identified with Kāma-deva;

with Jainas, Kṛṣṇa is one of the nine black Vasu-devas;

with Buddhists he is the chief of the black demons,

who are the enemies of Buddha and the white

demons); N. of a king of the Nāgas; N. of an

Asura or demon; N. of Arjuna, the most renowned

of the Pāṇḍu princes (so named apparently from his

colour as a child, see Mahā-bh. Virāṭa-parva 1389;

the dual kṛṣṇau = Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna); N. of

Vyāsa; of Kṛṣṇa Hārīta; of a son of Śuka by

Pīvarī, a teacher of the Yoga; N. of a pupil of

Bharadvāja; of Dāśārha; of a son of Havirdhāna;

of a son of Arjuna; of an adopted son of Asamañjas;

of a chief of the Andhras; N. of the author of a com-

mentary on the Mahā-bhārata; N. of a poet; N. of the

author of a commentary on the Dāya-bhāga; N. of the

son of Keśavārka and grandson of Jayāditya; N. of the

father of Tānabhaṭṭa and uncle of Raṅganātha; N.

of the father of Dāmodara and uncle of Malhaṇa; N.

of the father of Prabhūjīka and uncle of Vidyādhara;

N. of the father of Madana; N. of the grammarian

Rāma-candra; N. of the son of Vāruṇendra and

father of Lakṣmaṇa; N. of the father of Hīrabhaṭṭa,

author of the commentary called Caraka-bhāṣya, and

of the work Sāhitya-sudhāsamudra; N. of a hell; (ā),

f. a kind of poisonous insect; several plants, as Piper

Longum, the Indigo plant; a grape; a kind of

perfume [cf. parpaṭī]; an epithet of Draupadī;
Page0250-c+ 81

an epithet of Durgā; N. of one of the seven tongues

of fire; N. of the river Kistna; (ī), f. night; (am), n.

blackness, darkness; the black part of the eye; a kind

of demon or spirit of darkness; black pepper; black

Agallochum; iron; lead; antimony; blue vitriol;

[cf. kārṣṇa, &c. cf. also Russ. cernyi, ‘black.’]

—Kṛṣṇa-kanda, am, n. the red lotus, Nymphæa

Rubra. —Kṛṣṇa-karkaṭaka, as, m. a kind of

black crab. —Kṛṣṇa-karṇa, as, ā, am, Ved. black-

eared. —Kṛṣṇakarṇāmṛta (°ṇa-am°), am, n.,

N. of a poem by Vilva-maṅgala. —Kṛṣṇa-karman,

a, n. making black; a peculiar manner of cauterising;

(ā, ā, a), criminal, guilty. —Kṛṣṇa-kāka, as, m.

a raven. —Kṛṣṇa-kāpotī, f. a kind of plant; [cf.

śveta-kāpotī, kṛṣṇa-sarpā.] —Kṛṣṇa-kāṣṭha,

am, n. a black variety of Agallochum. —Kṛṣṇa-

keli, is, m. a plant, Mirabilis Jalapa. —Kṛṣṇa-

kohala, as, m. a gamester, a gambler. —Kṛṣṇa-

krīḍita, am, n., N. of a poem by Keśavārka cele-

brating the god Kṛṣṇa. —Kṛṣṇa-khaṇḍa, title

of the fourth book of the Brahmavaivarta-purāṇa.

—Kṛṣṇa-gaṅgā, f., N. of a river, = kṛṣṇā,

kṛṣṇa-samudbhavā, kṛṣṇaveṇyā. —Kṛṣṇa-

gati, is, m. fire (‘whose way is black’); [cf. kṛṣṇa-

yāma, kṛṣṇa-vartani, &c.] —Kṛṣṇa-gandhā,

f. the tree Hyperanthera Moringa. —Kṛṣṇa-gar-

bha, as, ā, am, Ved. (clouds) having black cavities;

(ās), f. pl. = according to Sāy. the pregnant wives of

the Asura Kṛṣṇa, but according to others = the

waters contained in the black cavities of the clouds;

(as), m., N. of a plant, = kaṭphala. —Kṛṣṇa-

giri, is, m., N. of a mountain; [cf. kṛṣṇācala.]

—Kṛṣṇa-godhā, f. a kind of poisonous insect.

—Kṛṣṇa-grīva, as, ā, am, Ved. black-necked.

—Kṛṣṇa-cañcuka, as, m. a kind of pea; [cf. caṇa-

ka.] —Kṛṣṇa-caturdaśī, f. the fourteenth day in the

dark half of the month. —Kṛṣṇa-canda, as, m.,

N. of a copyist who lived about A. D. 1730, a son

of Rāma-candra. —Kṛṣṇa-candra, as, m., N. of a

prince of the eighteenth century. —Kṛṣṇacandra-

devaśarman, ā, m., N. of a logician who lived

about A. D. 1736. —Kṛṣṇa-cara, as, ā, am,

what formerly or in a former existence belonged to

Kṛṣṇa. —Kṛṣṇa-cūḍā, f. the plant Cæsalpinia

Pulcherrima. —Kṛṣṇa-cūḍikā, f. the plant Abrus

Precatorius. —Kṛṣṇa-cūrṇa, am, n. rust of iron,

iron filings. —Kṛṣṇa-cchavi, is, m. fire? [cf.

kṛṣṇārcis.] —Kṛṣṇa-jaṃhas, ās, ās, as, Ved.

black-winged; (Sāy.) having a black path. —Kṛṣṇa-

jaṭā, f. a plant, Indian spikenard; [cf. jaṭāmāṃsī.]

—Kṛṣṇa-janma-khaṇḍa, N. of a part of the Brah-

mavaivarta-purāṇa. —Kṛṣṇa-janmāṣṭamī (°ma-

aṣ°), f. the eighth day of the second half of the month

Śrāvaṇa, the birthday of Kṛṣṇa. —Kṛṣṇa-jī, īs,

m., N. of a man. —Kṛṣṇa-jīraka, as, m. Kaloñji,

a plant having a small black seed, which is used for

medical and culinary purposes, Nigella Indica. —Kṛ-

ṣṇa-taṇḍulā, f. a plant [cf. karṇa-sphoṭā], Piper

Longum. —Kṛṣṇa-tarkālaṅkāra (°ka-al°), as,

m., N. of a scholiast. —Kṛṣṇa-tā, f. or kṛṣṇa-tva,

am, n. blackness. —Kṛṣṇa-tāmra, am, n. a kind

of sandal-wood. —Kṛṣṇa-tāra, as, m. a deer, an

antelope (‘black-eyed’). —Kṛṣṇa-tila, as, m.

black sesamum. —Kṛṣṇa-tīrtha, as, m., N. of a

teacher of Rāma-tīrtha. —Kṛṣṇa-tuṇḍa, as, m. a

kind of poisonous insect. —Kṛṣṇa-trivṛtā, f.,

N. of a plant, a kind of Ipomœa, black Teöri.

—Kṛṣṇa-datta, as, m., N. of the author of a

work on music. —Kṛṣṇa-danta, as, ā, am, hav-

ing black teeth; (ā), f. the tree Gmelina Arborea.

—Kṛṣṇa-darśana, as, m., N. of a pupil of

Śaṅkarācārya. —Kṛṣṇa-daśana, as, ā, am, hav-

ing black or discoloured teeth. —Kṛṣṇa-dāsa, as,

m., N. of the author of the poem Camatkāra-candrikā;

N. of the author of the work Caitanya-caritāmṛta;

N. of the author of the poem Preta-tattva-nirūpaṇa;

N. of a son of Harṣa, author of the Vimalanātha-

purāṇa. —Kṛṣṇa-deva, as, m., N. of a son of

Nārāyaṇa, author of the Prayoga-sāra; N. of a copy-

ist, son of Paṇḍyāpuruṣottama-deva. —Kṛṣṇa-

deha, as, ā, am, black-bodied; (as), m. a large
Page0251-a+ 81

black bee. —Kṛṣṇa-daivajña, as, m., N. of a man.

—Kṛṣṇa-dvaipāyana, as, m., a N. of Vyāsa,

considered as the compiler of the Vedas and Purāṇas,

(so named because of his dark complexion and be-

cause he was brought forth by Satyavatī on a dvīpa

or island in the Ganges.) —Kṛṣṇa-dhattūra or

kṛṣṇa-dhattūraka, as, m. a dark species of

Datura or thorn-apple, Datura Fastuosa. —Kṛṣṇa-

nagara, am, n., N. of a small district called after a

town situated in it. —Kṛṣṇa-pakṣa, as, m. the

dark half of the month, the fifteen days during which

the moon is on the wane, the time from full moon

to new moon; one who stands on the side of

Kṛṣṇa, an epithet of Arjuna. —Kṛṣṇa-pakṣika,

as, m., N. of a king of the Nāgas. —Kṛṣṇa-

pakṣīya, as, ā, am, pertaining to the wane of the

moon. —Kṛṣṇa-paṇḍita, as, m., N. of the author

of the Prabodha-candrodaya; also of a scholiast on

the Prakriyā-kaumudī. —Kṛṣṇa-padī, f. a female

with black feet. —Kṛṣṇa-parṇī, f., N. of a plant,

a kind of Ocimum; [cf. kāla-tulasī.] —Kṛṣṇa-

pavi, is, is, i, Ved. having black fellies, an epithet

of Agni. —Kṛṣṇa-pāka or kṛṣṇa-pāka-phala,

as, m. a tree bearing a small fruit, which, when ripe,

is of a black colour, commonly Karinda or Karonda,

Carissa Carandas; also called kṛṣṇa-phala, pāka-

phala, pākakṛṣṇa-phala, &c. —Kṛṣṇa-pāṇ-

ḍura, as, ā, am, greyish white. —Kṛṣṇa-piṅgala,

as, ā, am, dark-brown in colour; (as), m., N. of a

man; (ās), m. pl. the descendants of this man; (ā),

f. an epithet of the goddess Durgā. —Kṛṣṇa-

piṇḍītaka, as, m. a dark kind of Māyana, Vangueria

Spinosa [cf. varāha]; also called kṛṣṇa-piṇḍīra.

—Kṛṣṇa-pippīlī, f. a kind of black ant. —Kṛṣṇa-

pilla, as, m., N. of a poet. —Kṛṣṇapuruṣotta-

mopaniṣad (°ma-up°), t, f. title of an Upaniṣad

belonging to the Atharva-veda. —Kṛṣṇa-puṣpa,

as, m. a black kind of Datura or thorn-apple; (ī),

f., N. of a plant [cf. priyaṅgu]. —Kṛṣṇa-prut,

t, t, t, Ved. moving in darkness; (Sāy.) taking or

imparting a black colour. —Kṛṣṇa-phala, as, m.

a fruit tree, the Karinda [cf. kṛṣṇa-pāka]; (ā),

f. the plant Vernonia Anthelmintica. —Kṛṣṇa-

phala-pāka, as, m. = kṛṣṇa-pāka. —Kṛṣṇa-

balakṣa, as, ā, am, black and white. —Kṛṣṇa-

bhakti-candrikā, f. title of a play. —Kṛṣṇa-

bhaṭṭa, as, m., N. of a grammarian; N. of a poet.

—Kṛṣṇa-bhūma, as, ā, am, having a black soil,

furnished with black earth. —Kṛṣṇa-bhūmi, is, f.

a country with a dark soil, or black mould, blue clay,

&c. —Kṛṣṇabhūmi-jā, f. a species of grass, de-

scribed as a nourishing food for cattle (growing in a

black soil). —Kṛṣṇa-bhedī or ā, f. a medicinal

plant, = kaṭu-rohiṇī. —Kṛṣṇa-bhogin, ī, m. a

black kind of snake. —Kṛṣṇa-maṇḍala, am, n.

the black part of the eye. —Kṛṣṇa-matsya, as,

m. ‘black-fish,’ N. of a fish. —Kṛṣṇa-mallikā, f.

or kṛṣṇa-māluka, as, m. a plant, = mālūka,

kṛṣṇārjaka. —Kṛṣṇa-mitra, as, m., N. of the

son of Rāma-sevaka, grandson of Devīdatta, author

of the Mañjūṣākuñcikā. —Kṛṣṇa-miśra, as, m.

the author of the Prabodha-candrodaya. —Kṛṣṇa-

mukha, as, ī, am, having a black mouth, having

black nipples; (as), m., N. of an Asura; N. of a

sect. —Kṛṣṇa-mudga, as, m. a sort of pulse,

Phaseolus, (vāsanta, mādhava, surāṣṭraja.)

—Kṛṣṇa-mūlī, f. a plant, = śārivā-viśeṣa.

—Kṛṣṇa-mṛga, as, m. the black antelope.

—Kṛṣṇa-mṛttika, as, ā, am, having black

soil; (ā), f., N. of a Grāma. —Kṛṣṇa-mṛd, t,

f. black soil; a country with soil of a dark colour.

—Kṛṣṇa-yajurveda, as, m. the Black Yajur-

veda. —Kṛṣṇa-yajurvedīya, as, ā, am, be-

longing to the Black Yajur-veda. —Kṛṣṇa-

yāma, as, ā, am, Ved. having a black path;

an epithet of Agni. —Kṛṣṇa-yoni, is, is, i,

Ved. = kṛṣṇa-garbha, q. v. —Kṛṣṇa-rakta.

as, ā, am, of a dark-red colour. —Kṛṣṇa-

ruhā, f. a plant, = jatukā. —Kṛṣṇa-rūpya, as,

ā, am, = kṛṣṇa-cara, q. v. —Kṛṣṇa-lavaṇa,

am, n. a kind of black salt; a factitious salt, either
Page0251-b+ 81

that prepared by evaporation from saline soil, or the

medicinal kind, called Bit Loben or Bit Noben, a

muriate of soda with a portion of sulphur and iron.

—Kṛṣṇa-līlā-taraṅgiṇī, f. title of a poem by

Nārāyaṇa-tīrtha. —Kṛṣṇa-loha, am, n. the load-

stone. —Kṛṣṇa-lohita, as, ā, am, dark-red, of a

purple colour. —Kṛṣṇa-vaktra, as, m. the black-

faced monkey. —Kṛṣṇa-varṇa, as, ā, am, of a

black colour, black or dark-blue; (am), n. the colour

black. —Kṛṣṇa-vartani, is, is, i, Ved. having a

black path, epithet of Agni. —Kṛṣṇa-vartman,

ā, m. fire (‘whose way is black’); the marking nut

plant, Plumbago Zeylanica; an epithet of Rāhu or

the personified ascending node; a man of evil con-

duct, a low man, an outcast, a profligate, a black-

guard. —Kṛṣṇa-varvaraka, as, m., N. of a plant,

Varvara. —Kṛṣṇa-vallikā, f., N. of a plant, =

jatukā. —Kṛṣṇa-vallī, f. a plant, a dark kind

of Basil, Ocymum Pilosum; a kind of Śārivā.

—Kṛṣṇa-vānara, as, m. a black kind of monkey.

—Kṛṣṇa-vinnā, f., N. of a river. —Kṛṣṇa-

viṣāṇā, f., Ved. the horns of the black antelope,

whose inner sides are covered with dark hair.

—Kṛṣṇa-vīja, as, m. a red variety of the Mo-

ringa plant, Rakta-śigru; (am), n. a water melon.

—Kṛṣṇa-vṛntā, f. the trumpet flower, Bignonia

Suaveolens; a leguminous plant, Glycine Debilis.

—Kṛṣṇa-vṛntikā, f. the tree Gmelina Arborea;

see gambhīrā. —Kṛṣṇa-veṇā or ī, f., N. of a

river. —Kṛṣṇa-vyathis, is, is, is, Ved. whose path

is black (?), an epithet of Agni. —Kṛṣṇa-vrīhi,

is, m. a black sort of rice. —Kṛṣṇa-śakuni, is,

m. a crow. —Kṛṣṇa-śarman, ā, m., N. of an

author. —Kṛṣṇa-śāra, as, m. = kṛṣṇa-sāra,

the spotted antelope. —Kṛṣṇa-śāli, is, m. a sort

of rice of a dark colour. —Kṛṣṇa-śigru, us, m. a

kind of Moringa; [cf. śobhāñjana.] —Kṛṣṇa-

śimbikā, f., N. of a plant, = kākāṇḍī, = mahā-

jyotiṣmatī. —Kṛṣṇa-śimbī, f. a sort of bean,

Dolichus Virosus. —Kṛṣṇa-śṛṅga, as, m. a

buffalo with black horns. —Kṛṣṇa-śrita or kṛṣ-

ṇaṃ-śrita, as, ā, am, worshipping or devoted to

Kṛṣṇa. —Kṛṣṇa-sakha, as, m. a friend or fol-

lower of Kṛṣṇa, especially an epithet of Arjuna;

(ī), f. cummin seed. —Kṛṣṇa-samudbhavā, f.,

N. of a river, = kṛṣṇā, kṛṣṇa-gaṅgā, kṛṣṇa-

veṇyā. —Kṛṣṇa-saras, as, n., N. of a lake.

—Kṛṣṇa-sarpa, as, m. a very poisonous snake,

Cobra de Capello, Colubra Naga; (ā), f. a plant, =

kṛṣṇa-kāpotī. —Kṛṣṇa-sarṣapa, as, m. black

mustard. —Kṛṣṇa-sāra, as, ā, am, spotted black;

(as), m. with and without mṛga, the spotted ante-

lope; several plants, a kind of Euphorbia; the plant

Dalbergia Sisoo; another plant, Acacia Catechu;

(ā), f. a kind of Euphorbia; the plant Dalbergia

Sisoo. —Kṛṣṇa-sāraṅga, as, ā, am, spotted

black; (as), m. the spotted antelope. —Kṛṣṇa-

sārathi, is, m. having Kṛṣṇa for a charioteer, an

epithet of Arjuna; the tree Terminalia Arjuna.

—Kṛṣṇa-sārvabhauma, as, m., N. of a poet.

—Kṛṣṇa-siṃha, as, m., N. of the author of the

work Trepanakriya-kathā. —Kṛṣṇa-sīta, as, ā, am,

Ved. drawing black furrows; (Sāy) having a black

path (as an epithet of fire). —Kṛṣṇa-sundara, as,

m., N. of a man; (ās), m. pl. the descendants of this

man. —Kṛṣṇa-skandha, as, m. a tree which bears

black blossoms, the Tamāla tree; [cf. kāla-skandha.]

—Kṛṣṇa-svasṛ, sā, f. the sister of Kṛṣṇa,

an epithet of Durgā. —Kṛṣṇāgata (°ṇa-āg°), as,

ā, am, devoted to Kṛṣṇa. —Kṛṣṇāguru (°ṇa-

ag°), u, n. a black variety of Agallochum or Aloe

wood. —Kṛṣṇācala (°ṇa-ac°), as, m. an epi-

thet of the mountain Raivata, part of the western

portion of the Vindhya chain; it is also one of the

nine principal mountains that separate the nine di-

visions or Varṣas of the known world. —Kṛṣṇā-

jina (°ṇa-aj°), am, n., Ved. the skin of the black

antelope; (as), m., N. of a man (‘covered with the

skin of a black antelope’); (ās), m. pl. the descend-

ants of this man. —Kṛṣṇājinin, ī, inī, i, covered

with the skin of a black antelope. —Kṛṣṇāñjanī,
Page0251-c+ 77

f., N. of a plant, = kālāñjanī. —Kṛṣṇāñji (°ṇa-

añ°), is, is, i, Ved. having black marks. —Kṛṣṇā-

treya (°ṇa-āt°), as, m., N. of a Muni. —Kṛṣṇā-

dhvan (°ṇa-adh°), ā, ā, a, Ved. having a black

path (an epithet of Agni). —Kṛṣṇā-nadī, f., N.

of a river, probably the Kistna in the Dekhan.

—Kṛṣṇānanda (°ṇa-ān°), as, m., N. of a

scholiast; N. of the author of the Tantra-sāra.

—Kṛṣṇābhā (°ṇa-ābhā), f., N. of a plant, =

kālāñjanī. —Kṛṣṇāmiṣa (°ṇa-ām°), am, n.

iron; (probably only a various reading for kṛṣṇā-

yasa.) —Kṛṣṇāyas, as, or kṛṣṇāyasa (°ṇa-ay°),

am, n. iron, crude or black iron. —Kṛṣṇārcis

(°ṇa-ar°), is, m. fire; [cf. kṛṣṇa-cchavi.] —Kṛṣ-

ṇārjaka (°ṇa-ar°), as, m. a black species of Basil,

Ocimum Sanctum. —Kṛṣṇālaṅkāra (°ṇa-al°), as,

m. title of a commentary. —Kṛṣṇālu (°ṇa-ālu),

us, m. a kind of ebony. —Kṛṣṇāvatāra (°ṇa-

av°), as, m. an Avatār of Kṛṣṇa. —Kṛṣṇā-

vadāta, as, ā, am, black and white. —Kṛṣṇā-

vāsa (°ṇa-āv°), as, m. the holy fig tree, Ficus

Religiosa, (the abode of Kṛṣṇa.) —Kṛṣṇāśrita

(°ṇa-āś°), as, ā, am, devoted to or the votary of

Kṛṣṇa. —Kṛṣṇekṣu (°ṇa-ik°), us, m. a sort of

sugar-cane. —Kṛṣṇaita (°ṇa-eta), as, ā, am, Ved.

spotted black. —Kṛṣṇodara (°ṇa-ud°), as, m. a

kind of snake. —Kṛṣṇodumbarikā (°ṇa-ud°), f.

Ficus Oppositifolia; [cf. kākodumbara.] —Kṛṣṇo-

paniṣad (°ṇa-up°), t, f. title of an Upaniṣad in

praise of the god Kṛṣṇa, being a part of the Gopālo-

paniṣad. —Kṛṣṇoraga (°ṇa-ur°), as, m. a kind

of black snake. —Kṛṣṇo 'syākhareṣṭhaka, as, ā,

am, containing the words kṛṣṇo'syākhareṣṭhaḥ

(as an Adhyāya or Anuvāka). [ID=15698]

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)

Animals and Animal Products

14 definitions

the antelope

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a kind of animal feeding on carrion

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

the Indian cuckoo

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a crow

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a kind of leech

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a kind of venomous insect

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The black antelope

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

A crow

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The Indian cuckoo

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

A kind of poisonous insect.

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

data missing or incomplete

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

the spotted antelope

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

the black antelope

— Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary

1. A dark-coloured animal or bird. 2. An antelope. 3. A bird of prey.

— The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects

Metals, Minerals, and Substances

13 definitions

a kind of perfume

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

iron

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

lead

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

antimony

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

blue vitriol

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Iron

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

A kind of perfume

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Iron

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Antimony

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Lead

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

iron

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

iron

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

iron, crude or black iron

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Plants and Plant Products

9 definitions

Carissa carandas

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The name of several plants including long pepper, the indigo plant, grapes, and Gmelina arborea.

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

black pepper

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

black Agallochum

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Aloe wood

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Black pepper.

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Name of several plants

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

A grape

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

cummin seed

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Astronomical, Temporal, or Natural Phenomena

7 definitions

the dark half of the lunar month from full to new moon

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

the fourth or Kali-yuga

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

night

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

the black spots in the moon

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The dark half of a lunar month

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The Kali age

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

A dark night.

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Geographical Locations

7 definitions

the name of a hell

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The river Kistna

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Name of a river in the Deccan that joins the sea at Masulipattam

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

the river Krishnaveni

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. A mountain of Ketumala. 2. A residence of Gandharvas.

— The Purana Index

A mountain west of the Shitoda lake.

— The Purana Index

a hell

— The Purana Index

Lord Krishna (Incarnation of Vishnu)

7 definitions

An avatar of the god Vishnu, or identified with Vishnu himself

N. of a celebrated Avatār of the god Viṣṇu, or sometimes identified with Viṣṇu himself [Mahābhārata (Title) v, 2563; xiv, 1589 ff. ; Harivaṃśa (Title) 2359 &c.] as distinct from his ten Avatārs or incarnations (in the earlier legends he appears as a great hero and teacher [Mahābhārata (Title); Bhag.]; in the more recent he is deified, and is often represented as a young and amorous shepherd with flowing hair and a flute in his hand; the following are a few particulars of his birth and history as related in Harivaṃśa (Title) 3304 ff. and in the Purāṇas &c.: Vasu-deva, who was a descendant of Yadu and Yayāti, had two wives, Rohiṇī and Devakī; the latter had eight sons of whom the eighth was Kṛṣṇa; Kaṃsa, king of Mathurā and cousin of Devakī, was informed by a prediction that one of these sons would kill him; he therefore kept Vasu-deva and his wife in confinement, and slew their first six children; the seventh was Balarāma who was saved by being abstracted from the womb of Devakī and transferred to that of Rohiṇī; the eighth was Kṛṣṇa who was born with black skin and a peculiar mark on his breast; his father Vasu-deva managed to escape from Mathurā with the child, and favoured by the gods found a herdsman named Nanda whose wife Yaśo-dā had just been delivered of a son which Vasu-deva conveyed to Devakī after substituting his own in its place. Nanda with his wife Yaśo-dā took the infant Kṛṣṇa and settled first in Gokula or Vraja, and afterwards in Vṛndāvana, where Kṛṣṇa and Bala-rāma grew up together, roaming in the woods and joining in the sports of the herdsmen's sons ; Kṛṣṇa as a youth contested the sovereignty of Indra, and was victorious over that god, who descended from heaven to praise Kṛṣṇa, and made him lord over the cattle [Harivaṃśa (Title) 3787 ff. ; 7456 ff. ; VP.]; Kṛṣṇa is described as sporting constantly with the Gopīs or shepherdesses [Harivaṃśa (Title) 4078 ff. ; 8301 ff. ; VP.; Gīt.] of whom a thousand became his wives, though only eight are specified, Rādhā being the favourite [Harivaṃśa (Title) 6694 ff. ; 9177 ff. ; VP.]; Kṛṣṇa built and fortified a city called Dvārakā in Gujarāt, and thither transported the inhabitants of Mathurā after killing Kaṃsa; Kṛṣṇa had various wives besides the Gopīs, and by Rukmiṇī had a son Pradyumna who is usually identified with Kāma-deva; with Jains, Kṛṣṇa is one of the nine black Vasu-devas; with Buddhists he is the chief of the black demons, who are the enemies of Buddha and the white demons) [ID=55154]

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

to behave or act like Krishna

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Vishnu in his eighth incarnation, born as the son of Vasudeva and Devaki

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

The Supreme Spirit

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. having a form or figure. 2. roaming about in various forms.

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

to behave or act like Krishna

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)

The twenty-third avatar of Hari, the supreme Brahman, and the Lord and goal of the Andhakas, Vrishnis, and Satvatas.

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) [Printed book page 1-435]
Kṛṣṇa (I) — twenty-three avatār of Hari; according to

one version, the twentieth avatār. Went to Dvārakā,

bowed to his parents and entered the palace.¹ His boyhood

sports — sucked Ulūkika's life, kicked Śakaṭa to pieces and

uprooted two Arjuna trees; brought solace to the Gopas of

Vraja by expelling the serpent Kāliya from the pool near by

and protected their cattle from forest fire. In his mouth

Yaśodā saw the fourteen worlds. Rescued Nanda from

fear of Varuṇa's noose and recovered the Gopas imprisoned

by Vyoma Asura. Shielded the Gokulam from rains by

holding up Govardhana Mt. as an umbrella; cut off the head

of Kubera's attendant who tried to seize the Gopis engaged

in Rāsakṛīḍā with Kṛṣṇa. Vanquished several daityas and

their wicked kings; manifested Himself through Satyavatī

and divided the Vedas into many branches;² Lord and goal

of Andhakas, Vṛṣṇis, Sātvatas, etc. Supreme Brahman.³
Page1-436+ 43

Just on the eve of the avatār, Brahmā and other gods

pray to him in the womb of Devakī.⁴ Birth at the time of

constellation Rohiṇi, first new moon in winter, Abhijit Nak-

ṣatra, Jayanti night, Vijaya-muhūrta and festivities con-

nected with it; enjoyed by Vasudeva and Devakī. Their

prayer, and Kṛṣṇa recalled their previous births. Taken to

Yaśodā's delivery room at Nandavraja, stupefying the

guardsmen of the jail and crossing Yamunā in floods at

dead of night; Yogamāyā born to Yaśodā taken back to the

jail ward.⁵ Yogamāyā announced her birth to Kaṃsā,⁶ His

jātakarmā.⁷ Killed Pūtanā, when at Kamsā's instance, she

attempted to poison him by nursing him; Yaśodā warded off

evil, (Rakṣā) to Kṛṣṇa by waving cow's tail round him, by

placing cow's dung on the twelve points of his body and by

purifying him with cow's urine, with prayers to Hari to

protect him from evil spirits.⁸

The first turning in bed was celebrated with festivity.

Kṛṣṇa slept under cradle beneath the cart when he kicked

the cart which capsized. This roused suspicion of gṛhapīḍa

in Yaśodā's mind. Śānti done when cows, food, etc., were

given to Brahmanas. Once the demon Tṛṇāvarta created a

whirlwind which swept away all Vraja and took up baby

Kṛṣṇa high up in the sky to the embarrassment of Yaśodā

and others. At that time Kṛṣṇa took hold of his neck and

strangled him. He fell dead. The child Kṛṣṇa opened his

mouth and showed his mother the whole universe.⁹

Nāmakaraṇam as Vāsudeva. Boyish sports in Vraja,

charged with eating mud; lived with Nanda and his wife

who were the same Droṇa and Dharā born as Nanda and

Yaśodā by the command of Brahmā. When once Yaśodā

left the churning pot to mind the boiling milk overflowing

in the oven, Kṛṣṇa broke the curd pot and ran away with

butter to feed a monkey. So he was bound with a rope to

an ulūkhala (mortar) but the rope always fell two inches
Page1-437+ 40

short in spite of bits being added. At last Kṛṣṇa pitied her

and allowed himself to be tied; with the mortar he passed

between two tall Arjuna trees, when down fell the trees,

out of which emerged two men Nalakubera and Maṇigrīva

(sons of Kubera) who had been cursed by Nārada. Kṛṣṇa

blessed them and sent them back to their abode.¹⁰

Enjoyed the company of Gopis singing and dancing.

Gifts on his janmanakṣatra day. Noticed a Daitya in the guise

of a calf and taking him by the tail, he whirled him to death

and flung the body on the top of a kapitha tree. On another

occasion Asura Baka met him in the guise of a crane, when

Kṛṣṇa tore its jaws asunder. Once when in the forest with

his playmates, Agha, an asura friend of Kaṃsā took the form

of a boa-constrictor with a view to devour the cattle and

all boys together. All of them entered his open mouth with

Kṛṣṇa who took his life out of his body and came out to

the wonderment of gods. The ajāgara skin when dried was

a cave for Vraja people. Agha, however, attained salva-

tion.¹¹

One day the boys sat and ate merrily when the cattle

had gone far into the hill and dale and Kṛṣṇa promised to

bring them back. In the meantime Brahmā had them hidden.

So Kṛṣṇa created duplicates of the cattle and the children

that had been lost. These went home as usual and this

continued for a year, when Brahmā released the hidden cows

which suckled their calves, and came to see the child, the

one Brahman without a second, and belauded the baby

Hari, and returned to his region. More boyhood sports.¹²

In regularly tending cows, imitated voice of beasts and

birds in Brindāvana just like a rustic. Once the cattle

drank of the poisonous waters of the Yamunā and became

unconscious. After reviving them he found the reptile

Kālīya in the waters. He immediately jumped into the pool

and was enclosed in its coils. At this Nanda and the whole

Vraja moved to the banks of the river with great concern.
Page1-438+ 39

Rāma advised them to be cool. Slowly Kṛṣṇa brought the

reptile under his control, and getting on its hood, began to

dance, when the Kālīya acknowledged defeat. Finding his

end near, Kālīya's wives prayed to Kṛṣṇa to spare him. The

generous Lord allowed him to make his abode in the sea,

thus purifying the Yamunā once for all.¹³

After this incident the whole Vraja was encamped for

the night in that vicinity. A forest fire attacked the camp,

when Kṛṣṇa swallowed it and protected its inmates. His

dances and songs; other past-times. Among the games was

one in which the victor rode on the back of the vanquished.

Kṛṣṇa carried Śrīdāma on his back.¹⁴

Once again the cattle went astray in the thick forest,

and surrounded by fire they bellowed in thirst and hunger.

Kṛṣṇa and his playmates found it impossible to reach the

spot. So Kṛṣṇa got upon a tree and called the cattle by

names, and they responded. Asking his followers to shut

their eyes, he swallowed the forest fire. When they opened

their eyes, they found themselves in their homes.¹⁵

Kṛṣṇa filled Brindāvana with Gāndharvan music and

played at times on flute. Hid the clothes of Gopis who

observed Kātyāyani vrata to get him as their husband, and

returned them only when they saluted with their two hands

over their heads as a penance for bathing naked during the

period of a vrata. It was a severe day in summer when

some Gopas approached him for food. Kṛṣṇa advised them

to go to the neighbouring yajñaśāla and ask for food, sing-

ing the praises of Balarāma and himself. The sacrificers

were silent at their request. Kṛṣṇa asked them to repeat

their request to ladies in his name. The ladies took four

kinds of food and in spite of protest by their male relations,

they came to have darsan of the Lord and placed before Him

all the eatables. On Kṛṣṇa's advice they went back to com-

plete the sacrifice, and assured them of their being accepted

by their relations and the world. Their male relations
Page1-439+ 39

regretted having missed a chance of meeting the Lord. Then

food was distributed among his friends.¹⁶

Kṛṣṇa saw the Gopas worshipping Indra and as resi-

dents of hills and forests, he suggested worship of mountains

and cows. When this was accepted, Indra sent a heavy

downpour which was warded off by Kṛṣṇa, a boy of seven,¹⁷

holding up the Govardhana for a week. A visit from Indra

and Surabhi who anointed him, Indra, of Goloka and gave

him a new name Govinda. Rescued his father Nanda from

Varuṇa region and took him with other Gopas to Brahma-

ḥrada where the Vedas were praising Hari. Once when

playing on a flute, the Gopīs who were in the midst of house-

hold duties stopped them and came to where he was in spite

of protest from their male relations. Kṛṣṇa advised them

to go back to Vraja and be loyal to their husbands. They

refused to return as their minds were fixed upon him and

longed for mokṣa, and insisted they were his dāsis and should

be accepted. After some time he disappeared for their peace

and redemption. They indulged in gītam, when the Lord

appeared in their midst and shone like Puruṣa among śaktis.

After consoling them he engaged them in a rāsakrīḍa, and

finding them wearied, he engaged them in watersports and

sports in the upavana on the river-bank. There was no

carnal act of sin. The Lord who had no bandha, did all this

in sport.¹⁸

Released Nanda from a reptile who turned out to be

vidyādhara Sudarśana. One day Śankhacūda a follower of

Kaṃsā seized some ladies of Kṛṣṇa's party and ran away.

They cried for succour. Kṛṣṇa and Rāma followed. He left the

women behind and ran. Rāma took charge of the ladies

while Kṛṣṇa pursued him, cut off his head and took the

cūḍāmaṇi which he presented to Rāma. Killed Arīṣṭa in

the form of a bull who entered the Vraja and terrified the

inmates.¹⁹
Page1-440+ 37

Killed Keśin who came to the Vraja in the guise of a

horse and became Keśava; killed one Vyoma in the guise of

a gopāla; seen milking cows with Rāma by Akrūra who came

to Dvārakā at the instance of Kaṃsā; agreed readily to start

for Mathurā at Akrūra's message. With Akrūra, the two

brothers arrived at Mathurā. and asked their friend to go

home. He requested them to visit his house to which they

agreed only after vanquishing Kaṃsā. Next day afternoon,

the two brothers and their Gopa followers went round the

city and the women from terraces enjoyed the sight of Kṛṣṇa

and Rāma. On the way he met a washerman and asked

for good clothes. On his refusal, he was killed, and all his

clothes taken and distributed to his Gopas. Then they met

a garland-maker Sudāma who voluntarily offered flower-

garlands. Him he blessed and went. Next he saw a hunch-

back woman carrying unguents to Kaṃsā. For the mere

asking she offered the whole of it to them. So Kṛṣṇa con-

verted her to a handsome lady who invited him to her house.

This was agreed after finishing his work. Then they went

through the bazaar and were rewarded with betels, sandal,

etc., by merchants. Lastly they entered the place where

the bow festival was held. Kṛṣṇa broke it easily. The

guards who attacked them were put to death. It was

evening when they returned to the camp outside the city.²⁰

On his way to the wrestlers' arena, Kṛṣṇa vanquished

Kuvalayāpīḍa with some effort. Taking its tusks, entered

the enclosure with Balarāma. Accepted challenge from

the wrestler Cānūra. The latter fell dead after fighting.

The same fate met Śala and Tośalaka. Finding Kaṃsā

ready to attack his relations, Kṛṣṇa overpowered him and

killed him in a minute: condoled with the women of the

dead and set his parents free; consoled his parents for their

troubles and was embraced by them in love. Enthroned

Ugrasena, as Yadus could not sit on the throne owing to

a curse of Yayāti. A regin of peace ushered in Mathurā.²¹
Page1-441+ 38

Nanda and Gopas were sent back to Vraja with

honours. Upanayanam of Kṛṣṇa. With Balarāma Kṛṣṇa

went to Sāndīpani and learnt all arts in 64 days. Hearing that

Sāndīpani's son was washed away by the sea at Prabhāsā,

Kṛṣṇa went to the spot and was told by the seagod that an

Asura Pañcajana carried him off. Then he went to Yama's

abode, and recovering his son, handed him over to the guru

as gurudakṣiṇa and came home. Requested Uddhava to go

to Vraja with a message from him to Nanda and Gopis that

he would be visiting them shortly. As promised he went

to Sairandhri's house with Uddhava. It was decorated

according to rules of Kāmaśāstra, and after a brief stay, left

it for Akrūra's with Uddhava and Rāma. Akrūra extended

a royal welcome. Kṛṣṇa praised him as their guru and

requested him to go to Hāstinapur and find out the position

of the Pāṇḍavas. Returned to their residence.²² Kṛṣṇa

heard of the siege of Mathurā by Jarāsandha and was devis-

ing a plan of attack when two chariots descended from

heaven fully armoured. Also Sudarśana, his cakra and

other weapons came down to him and to Rāma. Rāma took

a chariot and the hala (plough), but was considered by Jarā-

sandha as a boy and not his equal. Kṛṣṇa made defence

arrangements at the four gates, and went out in his chariot

of Garuda ensign by the northern gate to where Caidya and

Māgadha were. Caidya's challenge and death; prevented

Rāma from fettering Jarāsandha, and entered the city in

victory and gave the spoils of war to Ugrasena, their king.

Second and third defence of Mathurā. Prevented Kum-

bhāṇḍa and Kūpakarṇa from using māyā in war by the

application of vijñānāstra. Honoured after victory by the

Sabhā of the Yadus.²³

He next desired to see Gomanta and the hill fortress.

Left with Rāma towards the south crossing the Yamunā, and

many towns and villages. Saw on the way Paraśurāma

engaged in austere tapas and bowed to him. Paraśurāma
Page1-442+ 39

suggested killing Śrgālavāsudeva, a wicked chieftain of

Karavīrapura at the foot of the Gomanta. When they

reached the place, Śṛgālavāsudeva offered fight, and his

head was cut off by Kṛṣṇa. Welcomed by the citizens of

Karavīrapura, they spent there four months after sending

the spoils of war to Mathurā. Got up the hill Gomanta

where Garuḍa met Kṛṣṇa and placing his crown on his head,

left. Reached Mathurā with a large army. Finding Yavana

besieging the city and Jarāsandha leading the eighteenth

expedition,, Kṛṣṇa in consultation with Rāma resolved to

build a fortress of 12 yojanas in the sea to place their kith

and kin in security. So a city was built according to Vāstu

śāstra to which Indra sent Sudharmā and Pārijāta. Varuṇa

supplied horses and Kubera the eight Nidhis. It became a

Yādava settlement. Attacked by (Kāla) Yavana, Kṛṣṇa

unarmed fled to the cave where Mucukunda was asleep.

Here Yavana was burnt to ashes by Mucukunda's energy.

Mucukunda's surprise to see Kṛṣṇa and his prayer for salva-

tion. Kṛṣṇa spoke of his future birth as Brāhmaṇa and

final salvation.²⁴

Kṛṣṇa returned to Ugrasena at Mathurā, raised the

siege of Yavana troops and went to Dvārakā with his plunder.

On the way Jarāsandha's army in makara vyūha attacked

him but was broken by throwing a huge tree. Returned to

Dvārakā with spoils of war left by Yavanas. Jarāsandha's

attack again when Rāma and Kṛṣṇa fled to the Gomanta

whose top crest was burnt, while Jarāsandha thought they

were dead they reached Dvārakā safe.²⁵ Sent Kṛtavarṇa to

ascertain from Hāstināpura whether Pāṇḍavas had defeated

Drupada. Married Rukmiṇi by the Rākṣasa form of mar-

riage, defeating Jarāsandha and others of the Caidya party

in battle. Received with due honours the Brāhmaṇa mes-

senger from Rukmiṇi and promised to do the needful. With

the Brāhmaṇa and Rāma, Kṛṣṇa drove from Ānartas to

Vidarbhas in a night. Was honoured by Bhīṣmaka and

allotted separate residence outside his capital. Ladies of
Page1-443+ 38

Kuṇḍina said that Kṛṣṇa was suitable to Rukmiṇi. Seeing

Rukmiṇi returning from the Devi temple, he took her in his

chariot in the midst of other kings and drove fast. Jarā-

sandha and others pursued but soon returned with dis-

appointment. Rukmi's resolve to kill Kṛṣṇa and then

enter Kuṇḍina. When he offered battle and was about

to be killed, Rukmini appealed to the Lord to save her

brother. At this he was tied to the chariot with his hair

and moustache shaved. Advised by Rāma that punishment

of Rukmī was not in order. Married Rukmiṇi according to

Śāśtras amidst festivities in Dvārakā. Owing to Śiva's

grace, got sacred sons of whom one was Pradyumna by Ruk-

miṇī, being Kāma in a previous birth. Killed Sambara who

stole the baby. Saw the lost Pradyumna and his wife Ratī

in his residence, and hearing their account from Nārada,

embraced the couple. Present at Pradyumna's marriage.²⁶

Requested Satrājita to give the Syamantaka gem for

their king but he refused. Suspected by Satrājita to be res-

ponsible for his brother Prasena's disappearance in the

forest; recovered the jewel from Jāmbavan after fight-

ing for 28 days, and got also his daughter Jāmbavatī in

marriage. The jewel was returned to Satrājita in the public

assembly. Married Satrājita's daughter Satyabhāmā, and

when the jewel was offered, it was returned. Went with

Rāma to the Kurus after the rumoured death of the Pāṇḍa-

vas and Kunti; met the Pāṇḍavas at Pāñcāla city in the

guise of Brāhmaṇas; killed Śatadhanvan, the murderer of

his father-in-law Satrājita. Sent for Akrūra and asked him

to exhibit Syamantaka in his possession, and returned it

to him afterwards.²⁷

Kṛṣṇa once went to Hāstināpura to see the Pāṇḍavas

and was heartily welcomed. Paid respects to Yudhiṣṭhira

and Bhīma, embraced Arjuna and received respects from

Nakula and Sahadeva. Kuntī welcomed him also. When

he was spending that winter there, he went to the forest
Page1-444+ 41

with Arjuna for hunting and there met an accomplished lady

when Arjuna addressed. Hearing that she was the

daughter of the Sun waiting to marry Kṛṣṇa, the latter took

her home. In the meantime Kṛṣṇa asked Viśvakarmā to

build a city for the Pāṇḍavas. Acting as Arjuna's charioteer,

he caused the Khāṇḍava forest to be given over to fire.

Returned to Dvārakā and married Kālindī, Sun's daughter.

Then he married Mitravindā of Avanti, an aunt's daughter.

Received Satyā, daughter of Nagnajit of Ayodhyā by curb-

ing the ferocity of seven bulls, with a large dowry of chariots,

elephants and treasure. Jealous kings were driven away

by Arjuna. Married another aunt's daughter Bhadrā.

Took Lakṣmaṇā, daughter of the Madra king and thousands

of maidens from Naraka's harem.²⁸

Indra came one day to Dvārakā and reported to Kṛṣṇa

the mischief done to him by Naraka. Entering Prāgjyotiṣa,

Kṛṣṇa pulled down ramparts and walls and cut off Mura's

five heads. His seven sons attacked him led by Pāṭha in

vain. Naraka also attacked and had his head cut off. Kṛṣṇa

entered the city welcomed by its people, saw Maṇiparvata

of Indra and the umbrella of Varuṇa and gave them back

to them. Earth, mother of Naraka came before Kṛṣṇa and

handed over the kuṇḍalas of Aditi, informing him that

Naraka was her son by the touch of Hari in Vārāha form.

Then he entered the harem of the Asura and sent away

16000 (some 16100) maidens to Dvārakā and them he

married, after distributing the spoils of war among his fellow

companions.²⁹ Had by his wives 18000 sons.

With Satyabhāmā he visited Indra's abode and after

giving the kuṇḍalas to Aditi, he came back with Pārijāta

against Indra's will, because his queen wanted it. He

enjoyed the company of all his wives, taking a separate form

for each wife. Indra's attack on Kṛṣṇa with gods like

Varuṇa, Vāyu, etc., for taking away Pārijāta. Their defeat

and Indra's apology. Kṛṣṇa consoled him. Welcomed back

in Dvārakā.³⁰
Page1-445+ 37

Love quarrel with his consort Rukmiṇī described. Once

when Kṛṣṇa was sitting at leisure, Rukmiṇi who was nearby

fanned him. Kṛṣṇa indulged in fun and asked her how she

chose a poor fellow like him leaving princes of equal status

with her, and added that he was willing to let her go and

marry a powerful Kṣatriya prince. This put out poor Ruk-

miṇi who wept bitterly, speaking words showing her

unflinching loyalty to him. Noticing her sincerity Kṛṣṇa

consoled her that he simply cut a joke. He said that she

knew him to be Hari to whom Rājaṛṣis like Aṅga, Nahuṣa

and Gaya had dedicated their lives leaving their kingdoms,

and that Brahmā and Śiva sang his praises. Kṛṣṇa assured

her of his loyalty to her. In this way he led a household

life just like an ordinary mortal. Each one of his eight chief

queens gave birth to ten sons, and each thought that Kṛṣṇa

was only living with her, as there was a Kṛṣṇa by the side

of each lady including the 16000 of Naraka's harem. He

played with them blindman's buff, exchanging betels, scents,

etc. The chief queens were Rukmini, Satyabhāmā, Jāmba-

vatī, Satyā, Kālindī, Mādri, Mitravindā, and Bhadrā.

Attended Aniruddha's marriage with Rocanā at Bhojakaṭa.

Heard from Nārada of Aniruddha's imprisonment by Bāṇa

of 1000 arms and besieged Śonitapura. Defeated Śiva who

came on Bāṇā's behalf and at Śiva's request, let Bāṇa go

with his four arms remaining. Returned to Dvārakā with

Aniruddha and Uṣā.³¹

Heard from a Brāhmaṇa of the externment of Pāṇḍa-

vas to the forest, and riding on a chariot with Satyabhāmā,

met them and consoled them; came back with Subhadrā and

Abhimanyu. Heard a report of a huge lizard in a well, and

lifting it up, he found it to be a divinity who revealed him-

self as king Nṛga and who went to heaven. Taught the

citizens of Dvāraka on the inviolability of Brāhmaṇas’

property.³²
Page1-446+ 37

Kṛṣṇa heard of Pauṇḍraka's invasion of Dvārakā in his

absence. Had a message from him either to give up the title

of Vāsudeva or offer battle. Ugrasena and others laughed

at this. Kṛṣṇa went to Kāśī and had the heads of Pauṇḍraka

and his ally cut off and their army destroyed. Kṛṣṇa's

return to Dvāraka. An ābhicāra Agni was sent by Pauṇḍ-

raka's son through the grace of Śiva but was vanquished by

Hari's cakra. By his yoga power Kṛṣṇa appeared at the

mansions of each of his 16000 wives, engaged in a normal

domestic life. When Nārada entered every house, he saw

the same Kṛṣṇa in each; got up early in the morning and

meditated on Brahman; gave cows, etc., to the Brāhmaṇas,

saw first ghee, then mirror, cows, gods, etc. Heard from a

messenger of the difficulties of kings imprisoned by Jarā-

sandha. Advised by Uddhava to vanquish Jarāsandha with

the aid of Bhīma at Yudhiṣṭhira's Rājasūya. Kṛṣṇa's route

to Hāstināpura where he was received by the Pāṇḍavas.

Draupadī welcomed his wives and, these were put up com-

fortably. Hearing Jarāsandha still unconquered, Kṛṣṇa

with Bhīma and Arjuna went to Girivraja in Brāhmaṇas’

disguise and asked for meals. They then threw off their

disguise and called him to battle in which Bhīma won.

After releasing prisoners, Kṛṣṇa enthroned Sahadeva, son

of Jarāsandha.³³ The kings thus released after the fall of

Jarāsandha were 20800, praised the Lord and requested that

they might ever remember Him. Kṛṣṇa asked them to go

back to their places and assume charge of governments by

ruling righteously. Sahadeva arranged their bath, dress

and meals, after which they left for where Yudhiṣṭhira and

his family were. Received the first honour in the Rājasūya

of Yudhiṣṭhira when Śiśupāla protested in a vilifying speech.

His head was cut off. Lived in Hāstināpura for some months

at the request of Yudhiṣṭhīra and others. Attended to arghya

and pādya for Brāhmaṇas in the Rājasūya. Welcomed

Nārada who informed him of the necessity of vanquishing

Śālva. Left for Dvārakā hearing of its blockade by Śālva
Page1-447+ 37

who applied illusory powers. Kṛṣṇa broke his car and killed

him.

Kṛṣṇa went as an ambassador of the Pāṇḍavas to Dur-

yodhana. He was sought to be made prisoner in vain; came

back determined to declare war. In the war served as

Arjuna's charioteer, and after the war Kṛṣṇa condoled with

Dhṛtarāṣṭra and after anointing Yudhiṣṭhīra, returned to

Dvārakā.

One day there came Kucaila, a Brāhmaṇa classmate of

Kṛṣṇa, a poor man with many children. Induced by his

wife he visited Kṛṣṇa who welcomed him with Rukmiṇi,

indulged in talks of old school days, partook of the pṛthuka

rice which Kucaila's wife had sent, and sent him away after

keeping him for a night.³⁴

Left for Syamantapañcaka for solar eclipse, met Gopis

there and taught them the nature of the Absolute. Sages

waited on him and praised his glory. His joy at Vasudeva's

sacrifice. Honoured Nanda. Praised by his father, Kṛṣṇa

replied that Ātma is only one. At the request of Devakī

to get back all her sons killed by Kamsā, Kṛṣṇa entered

Sutalam and with leave of Bali, took them to his mother who

embraced them in affection. These children who were

degraded gods gained their old form and went to heaven.³⁵

Subhadrā was his sister, and Arjuna carried her off with

his knowledge and against the wish of Balarāma. He went

with sages to Mithilā where was his Brāhmaṇa devotee Śru-

tadeva. The latter and the king Maithilā welcomed him and

requested him to stay. Kṛṣṇa did not like to disoblige them

and so stayed in both houses taking two different forms, thus

purifying Nimi line, and pleasing Śrutadeva.³⁶

Performed Aśvamedha sacrifice in the course of which

he had to go to Vaikuṇṭha with Arjuna to recover the lost

children of a Dvārakā Brāhmaṇa who preferred a complaint.

After return with the lost boy, he had his avabhṛta cele-
Page1-448+ 38

brated in the Yamunā. Then he continued his righteous

rule and spent a good time in Dvārakā enjoying pleasures

with his chosen wives.³⁷

His service to the world was to kill Daityas and relieve

the burden of the Earth. Resolved to destroy the Yadu race

and reach his eternal abode; approved of the curse of the

sages against the Yadu race. Brahmā and other gods visited

him, appealing to him to go back to Vaikuṇṭha. He agreed.

Uddhava expressed a wish to follow him but was advised by

Kṛṣṇa to lead a righteous life. Incidentally Kṛṣṇa narrated

to him the conversation of a certain Avadhūta and Yadu.

Insisting on yama and niyama, and duties incumbent on

varṇa and āśrama. Then he described who was said to be

in bondage, who was a free man and a righteous person, and

he also explained the need and importance of Satsanga. He

proceeded to instruct Uddhava on the nature of the guṇas,

and their causes, laying emphasis on satva guṇa. Then he

explained Bhakti, Dhyāna, siddhis and their nature. He

afterwards narrated the Vibhūtis of Hari, described the

dharmas of varṇa and āśrama, explained what was jñāna

and vijñāna, giving a list of duties to be observed by all. He

further instructed on the three yogas — jñāna, karma and

bhakti, on the Vedas, and on the principles of Sāṅkhya and

Sāṅkhyavidhi. He then narrated the story of an Avanti

Brāhmaṇa who turned out ascetic after being a miser. He

enumerated the different characteristics of the three guṇas

and the evil effects of bad association, recapitulating kriyā-

yoga, jñāna yoga and bhakti yoga. Lastly Uddhava was

advised to go to Badari.³⁸

Advised his relations to go to Prabhāsa, and there

deluded by him, they fought among themselves and died.

Balarāma also met his death. Kṛṣṇa heard this while sit-

ting under a pippala tree. A hunter Jarā by name aimed

his shaft at his foot little thinking that it was the Lord.

Coming to know that it was Kṛṣṇa he regretted much.

Kṛṣṇa consoled him and permitted him to go to Heaven.
Page1-449+ 44

Kṛṣṇa addressed his charioteer Dāmaka to go to Dvārakā, and

advise the people there to leave for Hastinapura with

Arjuna. Invited by gods Kṛṣṇa entered his dhāma, while

his wives entered fire.³⁹ It was the first day of Kali yuga.^39a

Resides in Sutalam; the mantra sacred to;⁴⁰ as Puruṣa with

Lakṣmī as prakṛti; the sacred Hari.⁴¹

One of the five Vamśavīras.⁴² After his great Decease

Arjuna felt himself powerless even against Ābhiras;⁴³ help-

ed Arjuna to overcome the arrow Brahmaśiras of Aśva-

thāma; advised him to accept Draupadi's plea to release him

and to treat him as a brahmabandhu. Went with Draupadī

and party to attend the funeral rites of her sons, on the

Ganges; anointed Yudhiṣṭhira on the throne.

When he was about to leave for Dvārakā, Uttarā ran

to him for help to the child in her womb against a burning

missile. This was granted. Kuntī's praise of. Followed

Yudhiṣṭhira to see the dying Bhīṣma who welcomed and

praised him. Painful leave-takings. Praise by women of

Hastināpura. Escorted by Yudhiṣṭhira's army and passing

through many lands reached Dvārakā. Blew his conch as

a sign of his arrival. Welcome in the city. Paid his respects

to the wives of his father and enjoyed the company

of his 16108 wives.⁴⁴ His feet marked with Padma, Vajra,

Aṅkuśa and Dhvaja.⁴⁵

An able charioteer, councillor, friend, ambassador,

soldier and protector of devotees.

Remembered by Śiva; called with Rādhā on the Lord

and Pārvatī, and spoke to the latter on the greatness of

Vināyaka with whom he renewed his friendship. Praised

Parasurāma's heroism; no difference between Kṛṣṇa and

Śiva.⁴⁶ Married three daughters of Bhangakāra and Vrata-
Page1-450+ 38

vatī; also Mahādeva; a contemporary of Hiraṇyakaśipu;⁴⁷

Mahātmya of, in the Brahmavaivarta; prayed to by Aditi.⁴⁸

on the very day he left this earth, Kaliyuga began.⁴⁹

a Vṛṣṇi;⁵⁰ worship of, before gifts.⁵¹ When Kṛṣṇa was born

16000 goddesses and 14 gaṇas of Apsaras were reborn in the

world to serve the Lord in his quest.⁵²
[Footnote: 1) Bhā. I. 2. 17; 3. 23; Chaps. 10 and 11; M. 7. 60.]

[Footnote: 2) Bhā. II. 7. 26-36.]

[Footnote: 3) Bhā. II. 4. 20; VII. 15. 76-79.]

[Footnote: 4) Ib. X. Chaps. 1-3; M. 46. 14; Vā. 96. 174.]

[Footnote: 5) Bhā. X. Chaps. (whole); Br. III. 71. 196-263; 72. 7-13; Vi. V. 1. 98; 3. 1-29.]

[Footnote: 6) Bhā. X. Chap. 4, Vā. 96. 199. 215.]

[Footnote: 7) Bhā. X. 5. 1-16.]

[Footnote: 8) Ib. X. 6; Vi. V. 5. 12-31.]

[Footnote: 9) Bhā. X. 7; Vi. V. 6. 1-7.]

[Footnote: 10) Bhā. X. Chaps. 8, 9 and 10; Vi. V. 6, 8-19.]

[Footnote: 11) Bhā. X. Chap. II.]

[Footnote: 12) Ib. X. Chaps. 13 and 14; Vi. V. 6. 30 to the end of Chap. 9.]

[Footnote: 13) Bhā. X. Chaps. 15 and 16. Vi. V. 7 (whole).]

[Footnote: 14) Bhā. X. Chaps. 17 and 18.]

[Footnote: 15) Ib. X. 19. 1-13.]

[Footnote: 16) Bhā. X. Chaps. 21-23.]

[Footnote: 17) Ib. X. Chaps. 24-26; Vi. V. 10. 25-41; 11. 16-25; 13. 3-62.]

[Footnote: 18) Bhā. X. Chaps. 27-33; Vi. IV. 12. 12.]

[Footnote: 19) Bhā. X. Chaps. 34-36; Vi. V. Chap. 14.]

[Footnote: 20) Bhā. X. Chaps. 37. 42; Vi. V. 16. 7-16, 23; Chaps. 18, 19.]

[Footnote: 21) Bhā. X. Chaps. 43-44 and 46. 1-19; Vi. V. 9. 8-33; Chap. 20.]

[Footnote: 22) Bhā. X. 45. 20-49; Chaps. 46-48; Vi. V. 25. 19-31.]

[Footnote: 23) Bhā. X. Chaps. 50-52 (v).]

[Footnote: 24) Ib. X. Chap. 53 (v) and 50-51; Vi. V. Chaps. 22-3.]

[Footnote: 25) Bhā. X. Chap. 52; Vi. V. 24. 1-7.]

[Footnote: 26) Bhā. X. Chaps. 53-55; Vi. V. 26. 2-11; Chap. 27; 28. 2-8.]

[Footnote: 27) Bhā. X. Chaps. 56-57; Br. III. 7. 301; 36. 15 and 21; 68-28; 71. 46-96; M. 45. 34; Vi. IV. 13. 64-98. 142-157.]

[Footnote: 28) Bhā. X. Chap. 58.]

[Footnote: 29) Bhā. X. Chap. 59; Vi. V. 29. 13-35; 31. 14-20]

[Footnote: 30) Bhā. X. 59. 22-45; Chap. 65 (v) to 67 (v); Vi. V. Chap. 30; 31. 1-10.]

[Footnote: 31) Bhā. X. Chaps. 60-63; Vi. IV. 15. 30-4; V. 33. 12-53.]

[Footnote: 32) Bhā. X. Chap. 64.]

[Footnote: 33) Ib. X. Chaps. 67-73; M. 47, 14; Vi. V. 31. 4-28.]

[Footnote: 34) Bhā. X. Chaps. 76-78; 81. 1-13.]

[Footnote: 35) Ib. X. Chaps. 82-85.]

[Footnote: 36) Ib. X. Chap. 86.]

[Footnote: 37) Ib. X. Chaps. 88-90.]

[Footnote: 38) Ib. XI. XI. Chaps. 1-28.]

[Footnote: 39) Ib. XI. Chaps. 30-31; Vi. V. 37. 1-4; 47-75.]

[Footnote: 39a)Ib. XI. Chaps. 30-31; Vi. V. 37. 1-4; 47-75.]

[Footnote: 40) Br. II. 20. 21; III. 34. 9 and 34; 36. 114 and 48; 41. 8; 71. 196-7.]

[Footnote: 41) Ib. IV. 6. 30; 8. 28; 9. 48-55; 29. 126; 39. 59; 40. 8.]

[Footnote: 42) Ib. III. 72. 1.]

[Footnote: 43) Vi. V. 38. 47-51; VI. 8. 3, 9.]

[Footnote: 44) Bhā. I. Chaps. 7-12.]

[Footnote: 45) Ib. I. 16. 17 and 34.]

[Footnote: 46) Br. III. 42. 18-55; 43. 12-24; 44. 29; 71. 36 and 85.]

[Footnote: 47) M. 45. 20-21; 47. 1 and 35.]

[Footnote: 48) M. 53. 34-5; 60. 4; 245. 33-6; 250. 46.]

[Footnote: 49) M. 273. 49; Vi. IV. 24. 111-3.]

[Footnote: 50) M. 45. 10.]

[Footnote: 51) M. 181. 17; 245. 62; 246. 20. 36, 44; 248. 44; 274. 15.]

[Footnote: 52) Vā. 96. 232 ff.]
[ID=3506]

— The Purana Index

Groups of People or Castes

3 definitions

the name of the Shudras in Shalmala-dvipa

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

a class of gods; a Parashara clan

— The Purana Index

the Shudra caste of Shalmalidvipa

— The Purana Index

Anatomical Parts

2 definitions

the black part of the eye

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

The black part of the eye

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Linguistic/Etymological Note

1 definition

black

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Miscellaneous Descriptions or Derived Epithets

1 definition

an epithet of Arjuna

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Other

1 definition

Black pepper

— Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary

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Definitions on this page come from 13 works: Apte Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary, Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872), Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary, The Purana Index, The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects, Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon.