1. Open space, room, the wide world, sky, heaven, or any division of the universe.
2. The world or earth.
3. Any place, region, or district.
4. The inhabitants of the world, mankind, people, or subjects.
5. A company or community.
6. Common life, ordinary practice, or common usage.
7. Seeing, looking, sight, or regard.
लोक (loka) [Printed book page 0871-b] Loka, as, m. (cf.
roka; in the oldest texts of the
Ṛg-veda
loka is generally preceded by
u, which
according to the Pada-pāṭha = the particle 3.
u, and
according to some may be an abbreviation of
uru, wide, or derived from the prep.
ava, cf.
uru-loka, ava-kāśa), open space (Ved.), space, room, inter-
mediate space (Ved.; in Ṛg-veda VIII. 100, 12,
dehi lokam = avakāśam pra-yaccha, make room),
the vast space, the wide world, sky, heaven; any
division of the universe, (three Lokas are com-
monly given, viz. heaven, earth, and the lower
world, but the fuller classification enumerates four-
teen, seven descending one below the other and
constituting together the lower world, sometimes
called hell [see
pātāla], and seven higher regions
rising one above the other, as follow, 1.
Bhūr-loka, the earth; 2.
Bhuvar-l°, the space between the
earth and the sun, the region of the Munis, Siddhas,
&c. 3.
Svar-l°, the heaven of Indra above the
sun or between the sun and the polar star; 4.
Ma- har-l°, said to be one krore of Yojanas above the
polar star and to be the abode of Bhṛgu and other
saints who survive the destruction of the three worlds
situated below; during the conflagration of these
lower worlds the saints ascend to 5.
Janar-l°, which
is described as the abode of Brahmā's sons Sanat-
kumāra, &c. 6.
Tapar-l°, where the deified Vai-
rāgins reside; 7.
Satya-l° or
Brahma-l° or the
abode of Brahmā, translation to which world exempts
beings from further birth: the first three worlds are
Page0871-c+ 81 destroyed at the end of each Kalpa or day of
Brahmā, the last three at the end of his life or of 100
of his years; the fourth Loka is equally permanent,
but is uninhabitable from heat at the time that the
first three are burning: another enumeration calls
these seven worlds, earth, sky, heaven, middle region,
place of births, mansion of the blest, and abode of
truth, placing the sons of Brahmā in the sixth divi-
sion and affirming the fifth or
Janar-l° to be that
where animals destroyed in the general conflagration
are born again); a symbolical expression for the
number seven; the world, earth, (
iha loke, in this
world, on the earth, opposed to
paratra, para- loke, &c.); any place, region, tract, district, province;
the inhabitants of the world, the human race, man-
kind, folk, man, men (in this sense also
ās, m. pl.),
people, subjects (as contrasted with the king); a
company, community; common life, ordinary prac-
tice, (especially) common usage (as contrasted with
ancient usage or idiom of the Veda;
loke, ‘in ordi-
nary usage, in the language of the people, ‘as opposed
to
vede, chandasi); seeing, looking, sight, regard;
[cf. Lat. locus; Lith. laukas, ‘a plain.’]
—Loka- kaṇṭaka, as, m. ‘thorn of men,’ a wicked or inju-
rious man, criminal; epithet of Rāvaṇa.
—Loka- kathā, f. a popular legend or fable.
—Loka-kartṛ, tā, m. the creator of the world (applied to Brahmā,
Viṣṇu, and Śiva).
—Loka-kalpa, as, ā, am, re-
sembling or appearing like the world, becoming
manifested in the form of the world; regarded by
the world; (
as), m. a period or age of the world.
—Loka-kānta, as, ā, am, world-loved, liked by
every one, pleasing to all, popular; (
ā), f. a kind of
medicinal herb.
—Loka-kāra, as, m.
= loka-kartṛ. —Loka-kāraṇa-karaṇa, am, n. cause of the causes
of the world (a name applied to Śiva).
—Loka-kṛt, t, t, t, making or creating free space, setting free
(Ved.); (
t), m.
= loka-kartṛ, the creator of the
world.
—Loka-kṛtnu, us, us, u, Ved.
= loka-kṛt, creating space.
—Loka-kṣit, t, t, t, Ved. dwelling
in the sky, inhabiting heaven.
—Loka-gati, is, f.
‘the way of the world,’ actions of men.
—Loka- gāthā, f. a verse or song (handed down orally)
among men.
—Loka-guru, us, m. a teacher of the
world, instructor of the people.
—Loka-cakṣus, us, n. ‘eye of the world,’ the sun, (according to some
us, m.); (
ūṃṣi), n. pl. the eyes of men.
—Loka- cara, as, ā or
ī, am, wandering through the world.
—Loka-cāritra, am, n. the way or proceedings of
the world.
—Loka-cārin, ī, iṇī, i, = loka-cara. —Loka-jananī, f. ‘the mother of the world,’ epithet
of Lakṣmī.
—Loka-jit, t, t, t, winning or conquer-
ing a region (Ved.); conquering Heaven; (
t), m. a
conquerer of the world; a sage; N. of a Buddha.
—Loka-jña, as, ā, am, knowing the world, under-
standing men.
—Lokajña-tā, f. knowledge of the
world, knowledge of mankind.
—Loka-jyeṣṭha, as, m. ‘the most distinguished or excellent among men,’
epithet of Buddha.
—Loka-tattva, am, n. ‘world-
truth, ‘knowledge of the world, knowledge of man-
kind.
—Loka-tantra, am, n. the system or course of
the world,
—Loka-tas, ind. from the world, according
to ordinary life, popularly, as is usual or customary.
—Loka-tuṣāra, as, m. ‘eath's-dew,’ camphor.
—Loka-traya, am, ī, n. f. ‘world-triad,’ the three
worlds (heaven, earth, and the lower regions).
—Lo- ka-dambhaka, as, ikā, am, deceiving the world,
cheating or deluding mankind.
—Loka-dvāra, am, n. the door or gate of heaven.
—Lokadvārīya, am, n. (fr. the preceding), N. of a Sāman.
—Loka- dhātu, us, m. epithet of a particular division of the
world (with Buddhists).
—Loka-dhātṛ, tā, m. ‘the
creator or supporter of the world, ‘epithet of Śiva.
—Loka-nātha, as, m. ‘lord of worlds,’ epithet of
Brahmā; of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa; of Śiva; a governor
or ruler of the people, a king, sovereign; a Buddha;
N. of a Buddha; of the author of the Pada-mañjarī.
—Lokanātha-rasa, as, m., N. of a particular me-
dicinal preparation.
—Loka-nindita, as, ā, am, blamed by the world, generally censured, found
fault with by men.
—Loka-netṛ, tā, m. guide or
Page0872-a+ 81 ruler of the world; epithet of Śiva.
—Loka-pa, as, m. protector or guardian of the world, world-pro-
tector (
= loka-pāla, q. v.).
—Loka-pakti, is, f.
world-reputation, general respectability, esteem among
men.
—Loka-pati, is, m. the lord of the world;
epithet of Brahmā; of Viṣṇu; a lord or ruler of
people, a king, sovereign.
—Loka-patha, as, m. way
of the world, general or universal way, the usual way.
—Loka-paddhati, is, f. general or universal way.
—Loka-pāla, as, m. a world-protector, guardian
of the world, regent of a quarter of the world, any
presiding deity, (the Loka-pālas are sometimes re-
garded as deities appointed by Brahmā at the creation
of the world to act as guardians of different orders of
beings, but more commonly they are identified with
the deities presiding over the four cardinal and four
intermediate points of the compass, which, according to
Manu V. 96, are 1. Indra, guardian of the East; 2. Agni,
of the South-east; 3. Yama, of the South; 4. Sūrya, of
the South-west; 5. Varuṇa, of the West; 6. Pavana or
Vāyu, of the North-west; 7. Kuvera, of the North;
8. Soma or Candra, of the North-east: other authorities
substitute Nir-ṛti for 4. and Īśānī or Pṛthivī for 8);
a protector or ruler of the people, king, sovereign,
prince; N. of a king; protection of the people.
—Loka-pālaka, as, m.
= loka-pāla, a world-pro-
tector, ruler of the universe; a king, sovereign.
—Lokapāla-tā, f. or
lokapāla-tva, am, n. the
being a Loka-pāla or guardian of the world.
—Loka- pitāmaha, as, m. progenitor or creator of the world,
the great forefather of mankind; epithet of Brahmā.
—Loka-puṇya, N. of a place.
—Loka-puruṣa, as, m. ‘world-man,’ the World personified.
—Loka- pūjita, as, ā, am, honoured by the world, univer-
sally worshipped; (
as), m. a proper N.
—Loka- prakāśaka, am, n., N. of a compilation by Kṣe-
mendra.
—Loka-prakāśana, as, m. ‘world-illumi-
nator, ‘the sun.
—Loka-pratyaya, as, m., Ved.
world-currency, universal prevalence (of a custom,
&c.).
—Loka-pradīpa, as, m. ‘light of the world,’
N. of a Buddha.
—Loka-pravāda, as, m. popular
talk, common saying, current report, general rumour,
news, popular opinion, commonly used expression.
—Loka-pravāhin, ī, inī or
iṇī, i, flowing
through the world.
—Loka-prasiddha, as, ā, am, celebrated in the world, generally established or
received, universally known or acknowledged, well-
known, notorious.
—Loka-prasiddhi, is, f. uni-
versal establishment or reception (of any custom
&c.), general notoriety or prevalence.
—Loka-ban- dhu, us, m. ‘universal friend, friend of all,’ epithet
of the sun; of Śiva.
—Loka-bāndhava, as, m. ‘the
friend of all,’ epithet of the sun.
—Loka-bāhya, see
loka-vāhya.
—Loka-bhartṛ, tā, m. supporter of
the people.
—Loka-bhāj, k, k, k, Ved. occupying
space.
—Loka-bhāvana, as, ī, am, or
loka-bhāvin, ī, inī, i, world-creating; promoting the welfare of
men or of the world.
—Loka-maya, as, ī, am, containing space or room, spacious (Ved.); contain-
ing the universe.
—Loka-maryādā, f. popular ob-
servance, established usage or custom.
—Loka-mātṛ, tā, m. the mother of the world; epithet of Lakṣmī.
—Loka-mārga, as, m. general or universal way,
prevalent custom.
—Lokam-pṛṇa, as, ā, am, filling
the world, penetrating everywhere; (
ā), f., Ved.,
scil.
iṣṭakā, epithet of the bricks used for building
the sacrificial altar (set up with the usual formula
lokam pṛṇa, those which have a peculiar formula
being called
yajuṣ-matī, q. v.); scil.
ṛc, the
formula
lokam pṛṇa.
—Loka-yātrā, f. the busi-
ness and traffic of men, intercourse or business of
the world, worldly affairs, popular usages and cus-
toms, conduct of men, ordinary actions or conduct,
&c. support of life.
—Loka-yātrika, as, ī, am, relating to the business or traffic of the world.
—Loka-rakṣa, as, m. ‘protector of the people,’
a king, sovereign.
—Loka-rañjana, am, n. pleasing
the world, gaining public confidence, popularity.
—Loka-rava, as, m. the talk of the world, popular
report.
—Loka-lekha, as, m. a general writing,
public document, ordinary letter.
—Loka-locana, Page0872-b+ 81 am, n. (according to some
as, m.), ‘the eye of the
world, ‘the sun; (
āni), n. pl. the eyes of men.
—Lokalocanāpāta (°na-āp°), as, m. the attacks
of men's eyes, i. e. the prying eyes of men.
—Loka- vacana, am, n. people's talk, public rumour, popular
report.
—Loka-vat, ān, atī, at, containing the world.
—Loka-vartana, am, n. the conduct of men,
general mode of acting, usual behaviour.
—Loka- vāda, as, m. the talk of the world, popular report,
public rumour, common talk, news.
—Loka-vārttā, f. the world's news, popular report or rumour.
—Lo- ka-vāhya, as, ā, am, excluded from the world,
expelled from society, excommunicated; differing
from the world, singular, eccentric; (
as), m. an
outcast.
—Loka-vikruṣṭa, as, ā, am, abused by
the world, censured by mankind, universally blamed
or condemned.
—Loka-vijñāta, as, ā, am, univer-
sally known or celebrated.
—Loka-vid, t, t, t, know-
ing or understanding the world; (
t), m. epithet of
a Buddha.
—Loka-vidviṣṭa, as, ā, am, hated by
men, universally hated, disliked by people generally,
unpopular.
—Loka-vidhi, is, m. the creator of the
world, disposer of the universe; order or mode of
proceeding prevalent in the world.
—Loka-vinā- yaka, ās, m. pl., N. of a particular class of deities
presiding over diseases.
—Loka-vindu, us, us, u, Ved. creating room or space, gaining or obtaining
freedom.
—Loka-vindu-sāra, am, n., N. of the last
of the fourteen Pūrvas or most ancient Jaina writings.
—Loka-viśruta, as, ā, am, universally celebrated,
far-famed, famous, current.
—Loka-viśruti, is, f.
world-wide fame, notoriety; unfounded rumour or
report.
—Loka-visarga, as, m. the creation of the
world.
—Loka-vistāra, as, m. universal spreading,
general extension or diffusion.
—Loka-vīra, ās, m.
pl. the world's heroes.
—Loka-vṛtta, am, n. worldly
intercourse, idle conversation; a universal custom.
—Loka-vṛttānta, as, m. the events or occurrences
of the world, course or proceedings of the world,
circumstances of life, human conduct.
—Loka-vya- vahāra, as, m. the affairs or business of the world,
popular usage, general custom or course; (
as, ā, am), universally used, commonly current.
—Loka- vrata, am, n. any observance prevalent in the
world or among men, general practice or way of
proceeding, general mode of life; N. of several
Sāmans.
—Loka-śruti, is, f. world-wide fame or
reputation, universal notoriety.
—Loka-saṃvyava- hāra, as, m. commerce or intercourse with the
world, worldly business, trade and traffic.
—Loka- saṃsṛti, is, f. the course of the world, fate, destiny.
—Loka-saṅkara, as, m. confusion of mankind,
general confusion in the world, acting a false cha-
racter among men.
—Loka-saṅkṣaya, as, m. the
destruction of the world.
—Loka-saṅgraha, as, m.
intercourse with the world, worldly experience; the
propitiation or conciliation of men; the whole of
the universe; the welfare of the world.
—Loka-sani, is, is, i, Ved. causing room or space, effecting a
free course.
—Loka-sākṣika, as, ī, am, having
the world as a witness, attested by the world or by
others; (
am), ind. before or in the presence of
witnesses.
—Loka-sākṣin, ī, m. witness of the
world, universal witness; epithet of Brahman; of
Fire;
(ī, inī, i),= loka-sākṣika above.
—Loka- sāt, ind. for the general good.
—Lokasāt-kṛta, as, ā, am, made or done for the general good.
—Loka- sādhaka, as, ikā, am, creating worlds.
—Loka- sāman, a, n., N. of a Sāman.
—Loka-siddha, as, ā, am, world-established, current among the people,
generally done, usual, customary, popular, fashion-
able, common; universally admitted, generally re-
ceived.
—Loka-sīmātivartin (°ma-at°), ī, inī, i, passing beyond ordinary limits, extraordinary, super-
natural.
—Loka-sundara, as, ī, am, generally es-
teemed beautiful, universally considered handsome;
(
as), m., N. of a Buddha.
—Loka-sthala, am, n.
an incident of ordinary life, common or ordinary
occurrence.
—Loka-sthiti, is, f. a universal law,
generally established rule or maxim.
—Loka-spṛt, t, t, t, Ved.
= loka-sani (?).
—Loka-hāsya, as, ā, am, Page0872-c+ 81 world-derided, ridiculed by mankind, any object of
general ridicule.
—Lokahāsya-tā, f. universal ridi-
culousness.
—Loka-hita, am, n. the welfare of the
world, general weal.
—Lokākāśa (°ka-āk°), as, m.
space, sky; (according to the Jainas) a worldly
region, the abode of unliberated beings.
—Lokākṣi (°ka-ak°), is, m. ‘eye of the world,’ N. of a pre-
ceptor.
—Lokācāra (°ka-āc°), as, m. usage or
practice of the world, common practice, ordinary
conduct, general or popular custom, universal habit.
—Lokātiga (°ka-at°), as, ā, am, going beyond
the usage of the world, extraordinary, supernatural.
—Lokātiśaya (°ka-at°), as, ā, am, superior to
the world, surpassing ordinary usage
(= lokātiga). —Lokātman (°ka-āt°), ā, m. the soul of the
universe.
—Lokādi (°ka-ādi), is, m. the begin-
ning of the world, the beginner or creator of the
world.
—Lokādhipa (°ka-adh°), as, m. a ruler or
governor of the world, a god, deity.
—Lokādhipati (°ka-adh°), is, m. the ruler or lord of the world.
—Lokānugraha (°ka-an°), as, m. the welfare of
the world, prosperity of all people, general weal.
—Lokānurāga (°ka-an°), as, m. the love of man-
kind, universal love or attachment, general bene-
volence, philanthrophy, charity.
—Lokāntara (°ka- an°), am, n. another world, the next world, a future
life, decease, death, (
lokāntaraṃ gam or
yā, to
go into the next world, die.)
—Lokāntara-gata or
lokāntara-prāpta, as, ā, am, gone to another
world, deceased, dead.
—Lokāntarika (°ka-an°), as, ā, am, dwelling or situated between the worlds.
—Lokāpavāda (°ka-ap°), as, m. the reproach or
censure of the world, general evil report, public
scandal, general outcry against, popular accusation.
—Lokābhibhāvin (°ka-abh°), ī, inī, i, overcom-
ing the world; overspreading or pervading the world
(said of light).
—Lokābhilaṣita (°ka-abh°), as, ā, am, world-desired, universally coveted, generally
liked; (
as), m., N. of a Buddha.
—Lokābhyudaya (°ka-abh°), as, m. the prosperity of the world,
general welfare.
—Lokāyata (°ka-āy°), as, ā, am, ‘world-extended (?),’ materialistic, atheistical; (
am),
n., scil.
śāstra or
mata or
tantra, materialism, the
system of atheistical philosophy (taught by Cārvāka);
(
as), m. a materialist.
—Lokāyatika (°ka-āy°), as, m. a materialist, follower of the Cārvāka system,
atheist, unbeliever.
—Lokāyana (°ka-ay°), as, m.
‘refuge of the world,’ epithet of Nārāyaṇa.
—Lokā- loka (°ka-al°), am, n., or
au, m. du. world and no
world, the visible and invisible world; (
as), m., N.
of a mythical belt or circle of mountains surrounding
the outermost of the seven seas and dividing the
visible world from the region of darkness, (the sun
being within this circle these mountains are supposed
to form a kind of wall, light on one side and dark
on the other; cf.
cakra-bāla.)
—Lokāvekṣaṇa (°ka-av°), am, n. consideration for the world,
anxiety or care for the welfare of mankind.
—Lokeśa (°ka-īśa), as, m. the lord or ruler of the world;
epithet of Brahmā; N. of a Buddha; quicksilver.
—Lokeśa-prabhavāpyaya (°va-ap°), as, ā, am, owing both origin and end to the guardians of the
world.
—Lokeśvara (°ka-īś°), as, m. the lord or
ruler of the world; N. of a Buddha.
—Lokeśvarāt- majā (°ra-āt°), f. ‘Lokeśvara's daughter,’ N. of a
Buddhist goddess.
—Lokeṣṭi (°ka-iṣ°), is, f., Ved.,
N. of a particular Iṣṭi.
—Lokaikabandhu (°ka- ek°), us, m. ‘the only friend of the world,’ epithet
of Gotama and of Śākya-muni.
—Lokaiṣaṇā (°ka- eṣ°), f. desire or longing after heaven.
—Lokokti (°ka-uk°), is, f. a general or common saying, any
saying commonly current among men, a proverb.
—Lokottara (°ka-ut°), as, ā, am, excelling or
surpassing the world, beyond what is common or
general, unusual, extraordinary; (
as), m. an un-
common person, a king, prince.
—Lokottara-pari- varta, N. of a Buddhist Sūtra work.
—Lokottara- vādin, inas, m. pl., N. of a Buddhist sect (probably
so called from their pretending to be superior to or
above the rest of the world).
—Lokoddhāra (°ka- ud°), am, n., N. of a Tīrtha.
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