मृत्युmṛtyu

मृत्यु (mṛtyu) is a Sanskrit word meaning death, an epithet of the god of love, a particular Ekaha ritual, of the eighth astrological house, the seventeenth astrological Yoga, names of Samans. Its 30 recorded definitions are grouped into 8 contexts, among them The God of Death (Yama), Specific Mythological Figures/Genealogies, The Concept of Death and Dying.

Root: 1. मृ (1. mṛ)
Etymology: E. मृ to die, Unādi aff. त्युक् ।
Definitions: 30

View Declension Tables , 72 forms

Meanings by context

The God of Death (Yama)

8 definitions

1. Death. 2. The personified god of death.

— Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Death. 2. Yama, the judge of the dead.

— Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Death or dying. 2. Yama.

— Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Death or dying. 2. Yama, the judge of the dead.

— Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Death. 2. Yama.

— Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. Death or the god of death. 2. The various kinds of death.

— Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Death

मृत्यु (mṛtyu) [Printed book page 489-1]
*Mṛtyu¹ (“Death”), masc., sometimes identified with Antaka

and Yama (Dharma): I, 2619 (Antakaḥ, son of Adharma),

5641 (°pāśāt), 6764 (°ur ivogreṇa daṇḍena), 8267 (devaḥ,

armed with an axe he partook in the encounter between the

gods and Kṛṣṇa + Arjuna); II, 340 (Kālaḥ?); III, †12356

(°m ivograrūpaṃ), 14550 (followed Yama); IV, 1580; V,

†1580 (na vai M°r vyāghra ivātti jantūn), †1841 (°m ivāpa-

tantaṃ), 2044 (nararūpeṇa, sc. Bhīmasena), 2463 (°pāśava-

śānugau), 2662 (°pāśāt), 4671 (°pāśavaśīkṛtā), 5616 (°pāśava-

śaṅgatāḥ), 7274 (°saṅkāśaṃ bāṇaṃ); VI, 1238 (Kṛṣṇa

identified with M.), 1946 (°or daṇḍasamaprabhāṃ, sc. śaktiṃ),

2202 (°daṇḍam ivāparaṃ), 2797 (°or āgārasannibhaṃ), 2800

(°m ivāyāntaṃ), 2831 (Kāla-M°samaprabhaṃ), 2874 (Kāla-

M°samau), 3406 (preṣayām āsa M°ave), 3516 (śarair

M°daṇḍaprakāśaiḥ), 3675 (preṣayām āsa M°ave), 3793 (°or

āsyam anuprāptaṃ), 3959 (preṣayām āsa M°ave), 4359 (do.),

4758 (°kalpāṃ, sc. mahāśaktiṃ), 4800 (°or āsyagataṃ yathā),

5312 (preṣayām āsa M°ave), 5380 (°or ghorām iva svasām);

VII, 23 (°nāhūtāḥ), †68 (°mukhād iva), 272 (°nā hataḥ), 421

(°pāśapuraskṛtaḥ), 656 (°ur ivāntakaḥ), 1071 (kruddho M°r

ivāhave), 2020, 2025, 2039, 3012 (kruddhaṃ M°m ivāntakaṃ),

3135 (°ḥ Kālena coditaḥ), 3257 (kruddhaṃ M°m ivāntakaṃ),

3838 (preṣayiṣyāmi M°ave), 4459 (grastān M°nā saṅgatān),

5808 (?praiṣīd m°m ivāntakaḥ), 6167 (°ur vigrahavān iva),

6179 (°or āghātalalitaṃ), 7450 (°or iva svasāraṃ, sc. śaktiṃ),

7637 (°or āsyam anuprāptaṃ), †8168 (°or svasāraṃ jvalamānām

iva, sc. śaktiṃ), 8288 (°or āsyāntarān muktān), 8935 (preṣayām

āsa M°ave), 9596 (Śiva identified with M.); VIII, †666

(api), 909 (śaraṃ…M°-Kālāntakopamaṃ), †1722 (°m ivo-

grarūpiṇaṃ), †1972 (°mukhaṃ nayiṣe), 2309 (nāśakat tān

atikrāntuṃ M°r brahmavido yathā), 2414 (Kiṅkarodyatadaṇḍena

M°nāpi), 2470 (°daṇḍam ivāparaṃ, sc. parighaṃ), 2480

(preṣayām āsa M°ave), 2629 (āpanno M°or āsyam ivāturaḥ),

2709 (°or upāntikaṃ prāptau), 2812 (antakāle yathā kruddho

M°ḥ Kiṅkaradaṇḍabhṛt), 2922 (śaraṃ…M°daṇḍam ivā-

paraṃ), 2936 (preṣayiṣyāmi M°ave), 2957 (°or āsyagataṃ

yathā), 2986 (°or mukhagataṃ yathā), †3370 (prahinon

M°sadma), †3808(?), †3809 (°vaśaṃ nināya), †3810 (°vaśaṃ

…ninye), †4222 (śaktiṃ…M°rūpāṃ), †4669 (aprāpya

M°vaśaṃ), †4795 (api); IX, 870 (°m ivāntakaṃ), 947

(martyā M°m ivāgataṃ), 2519 (Kālo Yamaśca M°śca, came

to the investiture of Skanda), 3108 (°oḥ, sc. samau, sc.

Bhīmasena and Duryodhana); XI, 114 (°ṃ…gacchati),

336 (°or daṃṣṭrāntaraṃ gataḥ), 506 (°vaśaṃ gataḥ), 541

(°pāśa-); XII, 168 (°yānaṃ), 347 (°pāśena kaṇṭhe badhnāti

Mṛtyurāṭ), 380 (°or āsye sa vartate), 440 (among those who

are slayers), 481 (°mukhāni, read °mukhaṃ with B.), 526

(°or viṣayaṃ gatāḥ), 2214 (°or duhitā…Sunīthā nāma),

2576 (= Antaka), 2585 (iva), 2982 (°padaṃ), 4497 (prāṇeś-

varaṃ), 4501 (caturvibhāgasya, see PCR.), 6550 (°senāṃ),

7198 (Kāla-M°-Yamānāṃ), 7200, 7213, 7226, 7227, (7230),

7230, 7231, 7251, 7317, 7332, 7843 (°mukhaṃ), 9149 (fem.?),

11061, 12413 (°-Vaivasvatau); XIII, 16 (saṃvādaṃ

M°-Gautamyoḥ Kāla-lubdhakapannagaiḥ), 23 (°or lokaṃ),

35, 49, (50), 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, (65), 66, (67), 69,

Page489-b+ 63

70, 76, 78, 79, 80, 86, 87, 124, 131, 142 (raudrabhāvena),

150 (kūṭamudgarahastaḥ), 164 (= Dharma), 170, 174, 178,

1288 (learnt the 1000 names of Śiva from Śakra and taught

them to the Rudras), 2230, 3129, 3177, 6905 (°oḥ panthānaṃ),

7098, †7397 (Kṛṣṇa identified with M.), 7497 (Rudra (Śiva)

identified with M.), 7521 (do.); XIV, 296 (°padaṃ), 337

(°or āsye), 1489.

[ID=7373]

— Index to the Names in the Mahabharata

1. The Lord of Death born from the eyes of Brahma. 2. Father of Sunitha. 3. An assistant to Yama.

— The Purana Index

Specific Mythological Figures/Genealogies

6 definitions

1. The sixth Vyasa in the sixth dvapara. 2. An avatar of the Lord Lokakshi. 3. Father of Sunitha, given to Anga. 4. Heard the Purana from the Sun god and narrated it to Indra.

— The Purana Index

a Kala of Rudra

— The Purana Index

one of the eleven Rudras born of Surabhi and Kashyapa

— The Purana Index

the originator of the Bhairava clan of Apsaras

— The Purana Index

The mythological figure who is the son of Maya and Bhaya, and father of Vyadhi, Jara, Shoka, Krodha, and Asuya.

— The Purana Index

a mind-born mother

— The Purana Index

The Concept of Death and Dying

4 definitions

death

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

death

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

death

— Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary

death

मृत्यु (mṛtyu) [Printed book page 2-175]
Mṛtyu, ‘death,’ is repeatedly mentioned in the Rigveda¹

and later² as a thing of terror. There are a hundred and one

forms of death, the natural one by old age³ (jarā), and a

hundred others, all to be avoided.⁴ To die before old age

(purā jarasaḥ)⁵ is to die before the allotted span (purā āyuṣaḥ),⁶

the normal length of life being throughout Vedic literature

spoken of as a hundred years.⁷ On the other hand, the evils

of old age in the loss of physical strength were clearly realized.⁸

one of the feats of the Aśvins was to restore old Cyavāna to

his former youth and powers, and another was the rejuvenation

of Kali.⁹ The Atharvaveda¹⁰ is full of charms of all sorts to

avert death and secure length of years (āyuṣya).

The modes of disposing of the dead were burial and cremation

(see Agnidagdha). Both existed in the early Vedic period,¹¹

as in Greece;¹² but the former method was on the whole less

favoured, and tended to be regarded with disapproval. The

bones of the dead, whether burned or not, were marked by the

erection of a tumulus (Śmaśāna): the Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa¹³

preserves traces of strong differences of opinion as to the mode

in which these tumuli should be constructed. There is little

or no trace¹⁴ of the custom common in northern lands of

sending the dead man to sea in a burning ship: the reference
Page2-176+ 60

to a ship¹⁵ seems to point to mythical perils after death, not to

the mode of burial.

The life after death was to the Vedic Indian a repetition of

the life in this world. He passed into the next world sarva-

tanuḥ sāṅgaḥ, ‘with whole body and all his members,’¹⁶ enjoying

there the same pleasures as he had enjoyed on earth. Even

in the Rigveda¹⁷ there are hints of evil awaiting evil-doers, but

it is not until the Atharvaveda¹⁸ and the Brāhmaṇas¹⁹ that

a hell of punishment is set out, and it is in the Brāhmaṇas²⁰

that good and evil deeds are said to produce happiness or hell

hereafter. But there is no hint of extinction²¹ in the Rigveda

as the fate of the wicked, as Roth²² inclined to think. The

Vedic poet not being deeply moral, his verses do not convey,

as would those of a man convinced of sin, warnings of future

judgment.
[Footnote: 1) vii. 59, 12; x. 13, 4; 18, 1, 2;

x. 48, 5; 60, 5. So mṛtyu-bandhu,

‘akin to death,’ Rv. viii. 18, 22; x.

95, 18.]

[Footnote: 2) Taittirīya Saṃhitā, i. 5, 9, 4, where

the world is said to be ‘yoked with

death’ (mṛtyu-saṃyuta); Taittirīya Brāh-

maṇa, i. 5, 9, 6; Aitareya Brāhmaṇa,

iii. 8, 2; 14, 1. 2. 3; Śatapatha Brāh-

maṇa, x. 6, 5, 1, etc. So often the

‘bonds of death’ (mṛtyu-pāśa), Av.

viii. 2, 2; 8, 10. 16; xvii. 1, 30; Tait-

tirīya Brāhmaṇa, iii. 10, 8, 2; Kāṭhaka

Upaniṣad, i. 18, etc.]

[Footnote: 3) Av. ii. 13, 2; 28, 2.]

[Footnote: 4) Av. i. 30, 3; ii. 28, 1; iii. 11, 5;

viii. 2, 27; xi. 6, 16, etc.]

[Footnote: 5) Rv. viii. 67, 20; Av. v. 30, 17;

x. 2, 30; xiii. 3, 56.]

[Footnote: 6) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, ii. 1, 4, 1.]

[Footnote: 7) Rv. i. 64, 14; 89, 9; ii. 33, 2, etc.

Cf. Lanman, Sanskrit Reader, 384;

Weber, Indische Studien, 17, 193; Fest-

gruss an Reth, 137.]

[Footnote: 8) Rv. i. 71, 10; 179, 1.]

[Footnote: 9) x. 39, 8. Cf. Muir, Sanskrit Texts,

5, 243.]

[Footnote: 10) See Bloomfield, Atharvaveda, 62

et seq.]

[Footnote: 11) See Hopkins, Journal of the American

Oriental Society, 16, clii; Winternitz,

Geschichte der indischen Literatur, 1, 84, 85.]

[Footnote: 12) See Lang, Homer and his Age,

82 et seq.; cf. Burrows, Discoveries in

Crete, 209-213.]

[Footnote: 13) xiii. 8, 2, 1.]

[Footnote: 14) Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben,

410; Weinhold, Altnordisches Leben,

483 et seq.]

[Footnote: 15) Rv. x. 63, 10; 135, 4; Av. vii. 6, 3,

and cf. Weber, Proceedings of the

Berlin Academy, 1895, 856.]

[Footnote: 16) Av. v. 6, 11; xviii. 4, 64; Śata-

patha Brāhmaṇa, v. 6, 1, 1; xi. 1, 8, 6;

xii. 8, 3, 31, and cf. Taittirīya Saṃhitā,

v. 3, 5, 2; 6, 3; 6, 6, 3; Taittirīya

Brāhmaṇa, iii. 8, 20, 5; 10, 11, 1.]

[Footnote: 17) Rv. ii. 29, 6; iii. 26, 8; iv. 5, 5;

25, 6; vii. 104, 3. 11. 17; x. 152, 4.]

[Footnote: 18) ii. 14, 3; v. 19, 3; 30, 11; viii. 2,

24; xii. 4, 36; xviii. 3, 3. Cf. also

v. 19; Vājasaneyi Saṃhitā, xxx. 5.]

[Footnote: 19) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, xi. 6, 1,

1 et seq.; Weber, Zeitschrift der Deutschen

Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 9, 240

et seq.; Jaiminīya Brāhmaṇa, i. 42-44

(Journal of the American Oriental Society,

15, 236 et seq.).]

[Footnote: 20) Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa, vi. 2, 2, 27;

x. 6, 3, 1; Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa, xii. 3,

etc.]

[Footnote: 21) Cf. Macdonell, Vedic Mythology,

p. 169.]

[Footnote: 22) Journal of the American Oriental

Society, 3, 329-347; Weber, op. cit., 238

et seq.]
[ID=2520]

— The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects

Epithet for Various Deities

3 definitions

an epithet of the god of love

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

1. Death. 2. Yama, the god of death. 3. An epithet of Brahma, Vishnu, and Kali. 4. The god of love.

— Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1. The sun. 2. Shiva.

— Index to the Names in the Mahabharata

Technical/Specialized Meanings

3 definitions

a particular Ekaha ritual

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

of the eighth astrological house

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

1. The seventeenth astrological Yoga. 2. Names of Samans.

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

Cross-References

2 definitions

See page 827

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

See page 790, column 1.

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)

Personified Mṛtyu: Multifaceted Roles & Identifications

2 definitions

Death personified, the god of death

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)

1. Death, dying, or decease. 2. Death personified, the god of death, or Yama.

मृत्यु (mṛtyu) [Printed book page 0790-a]
Mṛtyu, us, m. (ep. also f.), death, dying, decease,

demise, (a hundred kinds of death are enumerated

from disease or accident, and one natural kind from

old age); Death personified, the god of death, Yama

the judge of the dead; an epithet of Viṣṇu; N. of

a son of A-dharma by Nir-ṛti; an epithet of Brahmā;

N. of Māyā; of Kali; of a teacher; of Vyāsa in

the sixth Dvāpara; of one of the eleven Rudras; of

an Ekāha; of the eighth astrological house; of the

seventeenth astrological Yoga; the god of love [cf.

māra]; mṛtyor haraḥ and mṛtyor vikarṇa-bhāse,

names of Sāmans; akāla-mṛtyu, ‘untimely death,’

N. of a being attendant on Padma-pāṇi. —Mṛtyu-

kanyā, f. the goddess of death. —Mṛtyu-jit, t, m.

‘conqueror of death,’ N. of an author, (also called

Mṛtyujid-bhaṭṭāraka); N. of a work by the same

author. —Mṛtyuñ-jaya, as, ā, am, overcoming

death; (as), m. ‘death-conqueror,’ an epithet of

Śiva; N. of an author. —Mṛtyuñjaya-tīrtha and

mṛtyu-tīrtha, am, n., N. of two Tīrthas. —Mṛtyu-

tūrya, am, n. a kind of drum beaten at funeral

ceremonies. —Mṛtyu-da, as, ā, am, death-giving,

fatal. —Mṛtyu-dūta, as, m., Ved. ‘death-messen-

ger,’ one who brings the news of a death. —Mṛtyu-

dvāra, am, n. death's door, the door that leads to

death. —Mṛtyu-nāśaka, as, m. ‘death-averter,’

quicksilver. —Mṛtyu-nāśana, am, n. ‘death-de-

stroying,’ the drink of immortality. —Mṛtyu-patha,

as, m. a way or path leading to death. —Mṛtyu-pā,

ās, m. ‘death-quaffing,’ an epithet of Śiva. —Mṛtyu-

pāśa, as, m. death's noose (these are variously rec-

koned at 101 or even more than 1000 in number).

—Mṛtyu-puṣpa, as, m. ‘death-flowered,’ the

sugar cane (so called because it dies after the loss of

its flowers). —Mṛtyu-pratibaddha, as, ā, am,

subject or liable to death. —Mṛtyu-phala, as, m.

a species of cucumber, = mahā-kāla = mahākāla-

phala; (ā or ī), f. the plantain, Musa Sapientum;

(am), n. a sort of fruit considered as poisonous.

—Mṛtyu-bandhu, us, m., Ved. ‘companion of

death,’ a man. —Mṛtyu-bīja, see mṛtyu-vīja.

—Mṛtyu-bhaṅguraka, as, m. a drum beaten at

funeral ceremonies. —Mṛtyu-bhaya, am, n. danger

or peril of death; fear of death. —Mṛtyu-bhīta,

as, ā, am, afraid of death. —Mṛtyu-bhṛtya, as,

m. a servant of death; (figuratively) sickness, ma-

lady, disease. —Mṛtyu-mat, ān, atī, at, having

death, subject to death. —Mṛtyu-māra, as, m.

(with Buddhists), N. of one of the four Māras or

devils. —Mṛtyu-mṛtyu, us, m. the death of death,

i. e. a remover or preventer of death. —Mṛtyu-

rāj, ṭ, m. ‘death-king,’ the god of death, Yama.

—Mṛtyu-rūpin, ī, iṇī, i, death-formed, having the

form of death; (iṇī), f. mystical epithet of the letter ś.

—Mṛtyu-laṅghanopaniṣad (°na-up°), t, f., N.

of an Upaniṣad. —Mṛtyu-loka, as, m. ‘death-

world,’ the world of death (the fifth of the seven

worlds), the world of the dead, abode of Yama.

—Mṛtyu-vañcana, as, m. ‘death-cheater,’ an epi-

thet of Śiva; a raven, carrion-crow; Ægle Mar-

melos. —Mṛtyu-vīja, as, m. ‘dying after the

production of seed,’ a bamboo, bamboo-cane.

—Mṛtyu-sañjīvana, as, ī, am, restoring from

death to life, making alive again [cf. mṛta-sañjī-

vana]; (ī), f., N. of a section of the Tantra-sāra.

—Mṛtyu-sāt, ind. to death, to the power of death;

mṛtyu-sāt kṛ, to deliver any one over to death.

—Mṛtyu-suta, ās, m. pl., Ved. ‘death's sons,’ epi-

thet of a class of Ketus. —Mṛtyu-sūti, is, f. ‘dying

in bringing forth,’ a female crab. —Mṛtyu-senā, f.

the army of the god of death. —Mṛtyu-hetu, us,
Page0790-b+ 77

m. cause of death; mṛtyu-hetave, dat. c. for the

sake of death, in order to kill. [ID=37790]

— Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872)

The Goddess of Death

2 definitions

Death personified as a female created by Brahma to slay living creatures

Mṛtyu⁴ (“Death”), fem. § 594 (Akampana): Nārada said

to Akampana: In the beginning the Grandsire Brahmán

created all creatures. As the creation bore no sign of

decay, he began to think about the destruction of the

universe. Failing to find any means of destruction, he

became angry, and in consequence of his anger a fire sprang

from the apertures of his body (khebhyaḥ) and destroyed

all creatures. Then Śiva (the lord of all the wanderers

at night) appealed to Brahmán (the greatest of ascetics),

who said, “Thou hast been born out of our wish” (kāmāt)

(VII, 52), and that the Earth, afflicted with the heavy

weight of creatures, had asked him to destroy them. Śiva,

saying that he had been appointed by Brahmán the protector

of creatures, prevailed upon Brahmán to keep his wrath

within his own inner self and extinguish the fire. Then

Brahmán expounded the doctrine of pravṛtti and nivṛtti.

From his organs of sense (gobhyaḥ, cf. khebhyaḥ in a parallel

passage, XII, 9179) then issued a female who was dark, etc.,

and set out for the southern quarter; Brahmán called her

Death (Mṛtyu) and told her to slay the creatures. She wept,

but Brahmán caught her tears with his two hands and

implored her (VII, 53)—who wished to go to the hermitage

of Dhenuka to perform austerities—to slay the creatures.

Soon Brahmán smiled, the creatures continued to live as

before, and Mṛtyu proceeded to Dhenuka, where she practised

austere vows during twenty-one times ten billions of years,

and then she wandered 10,000 billions of years with the

creatures. Next she repaired to Nandā and there passed

8,000 years, and became purified from all her sins. Then she

went to Kauśikī, where she lived upon air and water only.

Then she repaired to Pañcagaṅgā and next to Vetasaka (C. Ce°),

then to the Gaṅgā and thence to Meru, motionless and

suspending her life-breaths. Thence to the top of Himavat

(where the gods had performed sacrifices) for a billion of

years standing on the toe only of her feet. Then to

Puṣkara, and Gokarṇa, and Naimiṣa, and Malaya, with

steady devotion to the Grandsire without acknowledging any

other god. Brahmán was gratified with her and said that

in slaying the creatures she should be without sin; Yama and

the diseases should become her helpmates. She prevailed

upon him that the passions, covetousness, etc., should tear

the bodies of the creatures before she slew them. Her

tears which were in his hands should become diseases

springing from the creatures themselves and kill men; she

should be the virtue of living creatures and the goddess of

this virtue. Sin would slay those who were of wicked

behaviour; “it will be thy work to sink them in their sins that

are wicked.” Nārada further expounded the nature of death

and told Akampana not to grieve for his dead son: VII,

53, 2068, 2070 (kamalalocanā); 54, (2074), 2082, 2088,

2101, 2105, 2112, †2117, †2118, †2122 (devasṛṣṭā), †2123

(daṇḍapāniḥ).—§ 595 (Abhimanyuvadhap.): VII, 55, 2134

(°samutpattiṃ, all. to § 594); 71, 2471 (sambhavo M°oḥ, do.).

—§ 678b (Mṛtyu-Prajāpatisaṃv.): XII, 258, 9182, 9185;

Page490-a+ 63

259, 9195, 9197, 9201, 9204, 9212, 9214, 9219, †9220,

†9223, †9224, †9228 (repetition from § 594).

[ID=7375]

— Index to the Names in the Mahabharata

Death, personified as a daughter of Kali and a portion of Adharma.

— The Purana Index

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Definitions on this page come from 13 works: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Index to the Names in the Mahabharata, Lanman's Sanskrit Reader Vocabulary, Macdonell Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1872), Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary, The Purana Index, The Vedic Index of Names and Subjects, Vaidya Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Wilson Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Text from the Cologne Digital Sanskrit Lexicon.