1. A human being, man, or male.
2. An officer, official, agent, or attendant.
3. The height or measure of a man.
4. Punishment personified.
5. Grammatical person.
6. The soul, original source of the universe, or personal life-giving principle.
7. The Supreme Spirit, God, or Supreme Being.
8. The pupil of the eye.
9. A friend.
पुरुष (puruṣa) [Printed book page 0585-b] पुरुष (puruṣa) puruṣa, as, m. (poetically also
pū- ruṣa; said to be fr. rt. 2.
pur; probably connected
with
pūru), man collectively or individually, man-
kind, a man, human being, male; a person (
pumān puruṣaḥ, a male person); a member or repre-
sentative of a race or generation (e. g.
sapiṇḍatā puruṣe saptame vinivartate, the relationship of
men connected by the funeral cake ceases with
the seventh person); an officer, official, functionary,
agent, employé, attendant, servant, footman; the
height or measure of a man, = 5 Aratnis (1 Aratni
= 2 Padas, 1 Pada = 12 Aṅgulis; cf.
ardha-p°, dvi-p°); Punishment personified; (in gram.) a per-
son (
= prathamaḥ p°, the third person;
madhya- maḥ p°, the second person;
uttamaḥ p°, the first
person); Man personified or identified with Nārā-
yaṇa the son of Nara (regarded as the author of
Vājasaneyi-Saṃhitā XXX. 31); the soul and original
source of the universe (described in the Puruṣa-
sūkta, q. v.); the personal and life-giving principle
in men and other beings, the human soul or spirit,
Soul (which according to the Sāṅkhya philosophy is
neither a production nor productive: it is so called
according to the Tattva-samāsa because it reposes in
the body,
puri śayanāt; or because it is
purāṇa, ancient, having existed from eternity); the Supreme
Spirit or Soul of the universe, Supreme Being, God
(identified variously with Brahman, with Viṣṇu, with
Śiva, and with Durgā); the ‘spirit,’ i. e. the fragrant
exhalation of plants (Ved.); the pupil of the eye;
the tree Rottleria Tinctoria (
= pun-nāga);
= tilaka; N. of one of the sons of Manu Cākṣuṣa; N. of
one of the eighteen attendants of the Sun; N. of a
Pāda in the Mahā-nāmnī verses; an epithet of the
first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh signs
of the zodiac; a friend; a follower of the Sāṅkhya
philosophy (?); (
ās), m. pl. men, people; N. of the
class of inhabitants of Krañca-dvīpa corresponding
Page0585-c+ 80 to the Brāhmans; the seven divine or active prin-
ciples from the minute portions of which the uni-
verse was formed, viz.
mahat = buddhi, ahaṅ- kāra, and the five
tan-mātras, (according to Manu
I. 19);
pañca puruṣāḥ, an epithet of five royal
personages or miraculous persons born under par-
ticular constellations (Ved.); (
ī), f. a woman,
female; (
am), n. an epithet of mount Meru.
—Pu- ruṣa-kāma, as, ā, am, Ved. desirous of men.
—Puruṣa-kāra, as, m. any act of man, manly
act, human effort or exertion (commonly opposed to
daiva, fate); manhood, virility; N. of a gram-
marian.
—Puruṣa-kuṇapa, as, am, m. n. the
corpse of a man, a human corpse.
—Puruṣa-ke- śarin, ī, m. ‘man-lion or half-man, half-lion,’
Viṣṇu in his fourth appearance on earth (which he
undertook for the defeat of Hiraṇya-kaśipu).
—Pu- ruṣa-kṣetra, am, n., Ved. a male or uneven
zodiacal sign or astrological house.
—Puruṣa-gati, is, f., N. of a Sāman.
—Puruṣa-gandhi, is, is, i, Ved. smelling of men.
—Puruṣa-ghna, as, ī, am, ‘man-slaying,’ striking or slaying men;
strī pu- ruṣa-ghnī, a woman who kills her husband.
—Pu- ruṣa-cchandasa, am, n., Ved. ‘man's metre,’ the
metre suited for men, the Dvi-padā.
—Puruṣa- jñāna, am, n. knowledge of men or of mankind.
— 1.
puruṣa-tā, f. or
puruṣa-tva, am, n. man-
hood, virility; manliness, valour, prowess; the state
of man, manly nature or property.
—2. puruṣa-tā, ind., Ved. after the manner of men, among men.
—Puruṣa-tejas, ās, ās, as, Ved. having a man's
energy or manly vigour.
—Puruṣa-trā, ind., Ved.
among men, to men; in the manner of men.
—Puruṣatva-tā, ind., Ved. after the manner of
men; (Sāy.)
= puruṣavattayā.
—Puruṣa-da- ghna or
puruṣa-dvayasa, as, ī, am, of the height
or measure of a man.
—Puruṣa-dantikā, f. a
medicinal root; [cf.
medā.]
—Puruṣa-dravya- sampad, t, f. abundance of men and material.
—Puruṣa-dviṣ, ṭ, m. an enemy of Viṣṇu.
—Pu- ruṣa-dveṣin, ī, iṇī, i, ‘man-hating,’ misan-
thropic; (
iṇī), f. an ill-tempered or fractious woman.
—Puruṣa-dharma, as, m., Ved. personal rule or
precept.
—Puruṣa-nāya, as, m. ‘man-leader,’ a
prince.
—Puruṣa-niyama, as, m. (in gram.) a
restriction as to person.
—Puruṣa-pati, is, m.
‘lord of men,’ Rāma.
—Puruṣa-parīkṣā, f. ‘trial
of man,’ N. of a collection of moral tales.
—Pu- ruṣa-paśu, us, m. beast of a man, a brutal man;
a man as a sacrificial victim; a human animal, man.
—Puruṣa-puṅgava, as, m. ‘man-bull,’ an emi-
nent or excellent man.
—Puruṣa-puṇḍarīka, as, m. an excellent or superior man; (with Jainas) N.
of the sixth black Vāsudeva.
—Puruṣa-pura, am, n., N. of the capital of Gāndhāra, the modern
Peshāwar (پيشاور).
—Puruṣa-bahumāna, as, m.
the respect or esteem of mankind.
—Puruṣa-mātra, as, ī, am, of the height or measure of a man.
—Puruṣa-mānin, ī, inī, i, fancying one's self a
man or hero.
—Puruṣa-mukha, as, ī, am, having
a man's face.
—Puruṣa-mṛga, as, m., Ved. (ac-
cording to Mahī-dhara)
= pum-mṛga.
—Puruṣa- medha, as, m., Ved. the sacrifice of a man; N. of
the reputed author of the hymn Vājasaneyi-Saṃhitā
XX. 30.
—Puruṣa-rakṣas, as, n. a demon in
the form of a man.
—Puruṣa-rāja, as, m., Ved.
a human king.
—Puruṣa-rūpa, as, ā, am, Ved.
man-shaped, in the form of a man; (
am), n. the
shape of a man.
—Puruṣa-rūpaka, as, ā, am, Ved. man-shaped, in the form of a man.
—Pu- ruṣa-reṣaṇa, as, ī, am, or
puruṣa-reṣin, ī, iṇī, i, Ved. hurting men.
—Puruṣarṣabha (°ṣa- ṛṣ°), as, m. ‘man-bull,’ an excellent man.
—Pu- ruṣa-vat, ān, atī, at, Ved. accompanied by men.
—Puruṣa-vadha, as, m., Ved. manslaughter,
homicide, murder.
—Puruṣa-vara, as, m. ‘best
of males,’ an epithet of Viṣṇu.
—Puruṣa-varjita, as, ā, am, destitute of human beings, desolate.
—Puruṣa-vāc, k, k, k, Ved. having a human
voice.
—Puruṣa-vāha, as, m. ‘Viṣṇu's vehicle,’
Page0586-a+ 81 an epithet of Garuḍa; (
am), ind. in such a way as
to be borne along by men;
puruṣa-vāhaṃ va- hati, he is carried in such a manner as to be drawn
along by men (Pāṇ. III. 4, 43).
—Puruṣa-vidha, as, ā, am, Ved. man-like, in the form or likeness
of men.
—Puruṣavidha-tā, f. likeness to man,
humanity.
—Puruṣa-vyāghra, as, m. ‘man-tiger,’
N. of a demon; ‘tiger among men,’ a distinguished
or eminent man; a vulture.
—Puruṣa-vrata, am, n., N. of a Sāman.
—Puruṣa-śārdūla, as, m.
‘man-tiger,’ an eminent man, a chief of men.
—Puruṣa-śiras, as, or
puruṣa-śīrṣa, am, n.,
Ved. a man's head, human head.
—Puruṣa-śīr- ṣaka, as or
am, m. or n. (?), N. of an instrument
used by thieves.
—Puruṣa-samavāya, as, m. a
number of men.
—Puruṣa-siṃha, as, m. ‘man-
lion,’ lion of a man, a brave man, hero; an eminent
man; (with Jainas) the fifth of the black Vāsudevas,
a son of Śiva.
—Puruṣa-sūkta, am, n. ‘the Pu-
rusha hymn,’ N. of the 90th hymn of the tenth
Maṇḍala of the Ṛg-veda, (this celebrated hymn, in
which the soul or original source of the universe is
described, is supposed by the best authorities to be
comparatively modern in its diction and allusions; it
is also found with alterations in the Vājasaneyi-Sam-
hitā of the Yajur-veda XXXI. 1 — 16, and in the
Atharva-veda XIX. 6.)
—Puruṣāṃsaka (°ṣa-aṃ°), as, m., N. of a teacher.
—Puruṣākāra (°ṣa-āk°), as, ā, am, of a human form or shape.
—Puruṣāṅga (°ṣa-aṅ°), as, am, m. n. the male organ of gene-
ration; [cf.
narāṅga.]
—Puruṣād (°ṣa-ad°), t, t, t, Ved. eating or destroying men.
—Puruṣāda (°ṣa-ada), as, ī, am, ‘man-eating,’ a cannibal, a
Rakṣas; (
ās), m. pl., N. of a race of cannibals in
the east of Madhya-deśa.
—Puruṣādaka (°ṣa- ad°), as, ā, am, men-devouring; (
ās), m. pl., N.
of certain cannibals.
—Puruṣāda-tva, am, n. the
state or condition of a man-eater, cannibalism, the
state of a demon or Rakṣas.
—Puruṣādya (°ṣa- ād°), as, m. ‘first of men,’ (with Jainas) an epithet
of Ādi-nātha; of Ṛṣabha the first Arhat of the
present Ava-sarpiṇī; an epithet of Viṣṇu.
—Puru- ṣādhama (°ṣa-adh°), as, m. ‘lowest or vilest of
men,’ a low man, an outcast; the worst of servants.
—Puruṣādhikāra (°ṣa-adh°), as, m. manly
office or duty.
—Puruṣāntara (°ṣa-an°), am, n.
another or succeeding generation; (
as), m., scil.
sandhi, an alliance negotiated by warriors chosen
by each party; another who is a man (a mere
man).
—Puruṣāntara-vedin, ī, inī, i, knowing
the heart of mankind.
—Puruṣāntarātman (°ṣa- an°), ā, m. ‘man's inner self,’ the soul.
—Puru- ṣāyaṇa (°ṣa-ay°), as, ā, am, Ved. going to the
soul, uniting with the soul.
—Puruṣāyuṣa (°ṣa- āy°), am, or
puruṣāyus (°ṣa-āy°), us, n. the
duration of a man's life, age of man, life or lifetime
of man, human existence.
—Puruṣārtha (°ṣa- ar°), as, m. any object of human pursuit, any one of
the four objects or aims of man or of the soul (viz.
1.
kāma, the gratification of desire; 2.
artha, ac-
quirement of wealth; 3.
dharma, discharge of duty;
4.
mokṣa, final emancipation); human effort or ex-
ertion; (
am), ind. for the sake of man; for the soul's
sake.
—Puruṣārtha-prabodha, as, m., N. of a
book mentioned in the Śūdra-dharma-tattva.
—Pu- ruṣārtha-siddhy-upāya, N. of a Jaina poetical
work by Amṛta-canda-sūri.
—Puruṣāśin (°ṣa- āś°), ī, m. ‘man-eater,’ a cannibal, Rākṣasa.
—Pu- ruṣāsthi-mālin (°ṣa-as°), ī, inī, i, wearing a
necklace of human skulls; (
ī), m. an epithet of
Śiva.
—Puruṣendra (°ṣa-in°), as, m. ‘lord of
men,’ a king.
—Puruṣendra-tā, f. ‘lordship over
men,’ sovereignty.
—Puruṣeṣita (°ṣa-iṣ°), as, ā, am, Ved. caused or instigated by men.
—Puru- ṣokti (°ṣa-uk°), is, f. the name or title of a man.
—Puruṣoktika, as, ā, am, ‘having only the
name of man,’ destitute, having no friends, friendless.
—Puruṣottama (°ṣa-ut°), as, m. best of men,
an excellent or superior man; best of servants, a
good attendant; the highest being, Supreme Spirit,
an epithet of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa; (with Jainas) N.
Page0586-b+ 74 of the fourth black Vāsudeva (son of Soma); N. of
an Arhat; a Jina, one of the generic terms for a
deified teacher of the Jaina sect; N. of a district in
Orissa sacred to Viṣṇu; N. of the author of the
Trikāṇḍa-śeṣa and Hārāvalī; of a grammarian; of
the father of Halāyudha; of various men.
—Puruṣot- tama-kṣetra, am, n. ‘district of the Supreme
Being,’ N. of a district in Orissa sacred to Viṣṇu
(
= Līlācala, Līlādri; cf.
jagannātha-kṣetra).
—Puruṣottama-tīrtha, am, n., N. of a Tīrtha.
—Puruṣottamatīrtha-prayoga-tattva, am, n.
‘truth of the ceremonies connected with the Puru-
ṣottama-tīrtha,’ N. of a work by Raghu-nandana.
—Puruṣottama-deva, as, or
puruṣottamadeva- śarman, ā, m., N. of a grammarian the author of
the Paribhāṣā-vṛtti.
—Puruṣottama-mantra, as, m., N. of the seventeenth chapter of the Śāradā-
tilaka, a mystical work by Lakṣmaṇa.
—Puruṣot- tama-miśra, as, m., N. of a man the author of
the Rāma-candrodaya.
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