युगyuga

(H2) [Printed book page 854,1]
युग (yuga) b n. a yoke, team (exceptionally m.), RV. &c. &c. [ID=171838]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 245-2]
युग (yuga) yug-á, n. yoke (exceptionally m.); pair,
couple; double stanza (forming one sentence);
race (of men): generation; period of
life; period of five (sts. six) years; cosmic
age (of which there are four: Kṛta or Satya,
Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali). [ID=14857]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 598-01]
युग (yuga) (I) m.n. A yoke, छिन्ननस्येन यानेन तथा भग्नयुग (yuga)ादिना (chinnanasyena yānena tathā bhagnayugādinā)  Yaj. ii.299,  R. iii.34. [ID=31476]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 0744-a]
युग (yuga) yuga, i. e. yuj + a, I. m. (in [ID=11807]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 434]
युग (yuga) n. (m.) yoke, team; couple, pair, race or generation of men, age of the world (4) a cert. measure of length. [ID=26082]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 225-b]
yugá, n.
—1. yoke;
—2. couple, pair;
—3. esp. w. mānuṣa, a human generation (as that which is united by common descent), γένος ἀνθρώπων;
—4. and so, in a temporal sense, an age of the world, see 58¹N. [√yuj, q. v., 216. 1: cf. yugma.] [ID=3440]

[Printed book page 0818-b]
Yuga, as, am, m. n. a yoke; (am), n. a pair, couple, brace; a double Śloka or two Ślokas so con- nected that the sense is only completed by the two
Page0818-c+ 81
together; a race or generation of men, (generally in Ved. with mānuṣa or manuṣya); a period or astronomical cycle of five years, a lustrum, (especially such a period in the cycle of Jupiter); an age of the world, long mundane period of years, (of which there are four, each preceded by a period called Sandhyā, ‘twilight,’ and followed by a period called Sandhyāṃśa, ‘portion of twilight;’ viz. 1. Kṛta or Satya, 2. Tretā, 3. Dvāpara, 4. Kali, of which the first three have already elapsed, while the Kali is that in which we are supposed to live; the first consists of 4000 divine years with 400 for each of its twilights, the second of 3000 with 300 for each twilight, the third of 2000 with 200 for each twilight, the fourth or Kali of 1000 with 100 for each twilight; but since a divine year equals 360 years of men, the four Yugas com- prise severally 1, 728, 000, 1,296,000, 864,000, and 432, 000 years, the aggregate 4,320, 000 con- stituting ‘a great Yuga,’ or Mahā-yuga, q. v.: the regularly descending numbers in the above series represent a corresponding physical and moral deteri- oration in those who live during each age, the present or Kali-yuga being the worst; this last Yuga is sup- posed to have commenced 3101 or 3102 years B.C.); a measure of length (= 4 Hastas or cubits); a sym- bolical expression for the number 4 and sometimes for the number 12; N. of a particular position or configuration of the moon; of a particular Nābhasa constellation (of the class called Saṅkhyā-yoga, when all the planets are situated in two houses); a species of drug or medicinal plant (= vṛddhi); [cf. Gr. ζυγόν; Lat. jugum; Angl. Sax. ioc, iuc, geoc.] —Yuga-kīlaka, as, m. the pin of a yoke. —Yuga- kṣaya, as, m. the end of a Yuga, destruction of the world. —Yuga-dīrgha, as, ā, am, long as a chariot yoke. —Yugan-dhara, as, ā, am, holding or bearing the yoke; (as, am), m. n. the pole of a carriage or wood to which the yoke is fixed; (as), m., N. of a particular magical formula spoken over weapons; of a king; of a mountain; of a forest; (ās), m. pl., N. of a people. —Yuga-pa, as, m., N. of a Gandharva. —Yuga-pattra or yuga-pattraka, as, m. mountain ebony, the plant Bauhinia Varie- gata. —Yuga-pattrikā, f. the plant Dalbergia Sissoo. —Yugapat-prāpti, is, f. simultaneous arrival, arriv- ing all together. —Yuga-pad, ind. ‘being in the same yoke or by the side of each other,’ together, at one time, at the same time, simultaneously, at once, all at once, all together. —Yuga-pārśvaka or yuga-pārśva-ga, as, ā, am, going at the side of the yoke (said of a young ox in training). —Yuga- purāṇa, am, n., N. of a section of the Garga-saṃ- hitā. —Yuga-bāhu, us, us, u, ‘yoke-armed,’ having arms like a yoke, long armed. —Yuga-bhaṅga, as, m. the breaking of a yoke. —Yuga-mātra, am, n. the length of a yoke; (as, ī, am), as large as a yoke. —Yuga-varatra or yuga-varatrā, see Gaṇa Khaṇḍikādi to Pāṇ. IV. 2, 45. —Yuga-vyāyata- bāhu, us, us, u, having arms long as a yoke; long armed. —Yugāṃśaka (°ga-aṃ°), as, m. ‘part of a Yuga or lustrum,’ a year, (also yugāṃsaka.) —Yu- gādi (°ga-ādi), is, m. the commencement of a Yuga, the beginning of the world. —Yugādi-kṛt, t, m., N. of Śiva. —Yugādi-jina, as, m. the first Jina of a Yuga. —Yugādijina-śrī, īs, m., N. of Ṛṣabha. —Yugādīśa (°di-īśa), as, m. ‘first lord of a Yuga,’ N. of Ṛṣabha. —Yugādyā (°ga-ād°), f. the first day of a Yuga or age of the world; the anniversary of it. —Yugādhyakṣa (°ga-adh°), as, m. ‘superintendent of a Yuga,’ epithet of Prajāpati; of Śiva. —Yugānta (°ga-an°), as, m. the end of the yoke; the meridian, midday, noon; the end of a generation; the end of an age or Yuga, destruc- tion of the world. —Yugāntaka, as, m. the end of an age, end of the world. —Yugānta-bandhu, us, m. a real and constant friend. —Yugāntara (°ga- an°), am, n. a kind of yoke, a peculiar yoke; the second half of the arc cutting the meridian described by the sun; another generation, a succeeding age. —Yugāntāgni (°ta-ag°), is, m. the fire at the end of the world. —Yugeśa (°ga-īśa), as, m., Ved. the
Page0819-a+ 81
lord or ruler of a lustrum. —Yugorasya (°ga-ur°), as, m., N. of a particular array of troops. [ID=38716]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 2-192]
1. Yuga in the Rigveda¹ and later² denotes ‘yoke.’ Cf. Ratha.
[Footnote: 1) i. 115, 2; 184, 3; ii. 39, 4; iii. 53,

17; viii. 80, 7; x. 60, 8; 101, 3, etc.] 

[Footnote: 2) Av. iv. 1, 40; Śatapatha Brāh-

maṇa, iii. 5, 1, 24. 34; Taittirīya

Brāhmaṇa, i. 5, 1, 3, etc.] 
[ID=2592]

(ifc. f(आ (ā)). ) a pair, couple, brace, GṛŚrS.; MBh. &c. [ID=171839]

युग (yuga) n. (-गं (-gaṃ)) [ID=31477]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 614-a]
युग (yuga) (गं) ((gaṃ)) 1. n. A pair; an age, as Satya, Treta, Dwāpar, Kali. m. A yoke; 4 cubits; a drug. [ID=31042]

युग (yuga) (II) n. 1. A pair, a couple, स्तनयुग (yuga)परिणाहाच्छादिना कल्कलेन (stanayugapariṇāhācchādinā kalkalena)  Sak. i.,  Sis. ix.72; 2. a long mundane period of years, an age; (there are four such periods, viz., कृत (kṛta), त्रेता (tretā), द्वापर (dvāpara) and कलि (kali), which together comprise 43,20,000 years of men and are called a Mahāyuga,  M. i.69-73; the regularly descending length of them is accompanied by a corresponding physical and moral deterioration), धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय संभवामि युग (yuga)े युग (yuga)े (dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge)  Bg. iv.8; 3. a measure of four cubits; 4. an expression for the numbers ‘four’ and ‘twelve’; 5. life, birth, अश्रेयाञ् श्रेयसीं जातिं गच्छत्यासप्तमाद्युयात् (aśreyāñ śreyasīṃ jātiṃ gacchatyāsaptamādyuyāt)  M. x.64. [ID=31477]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 588-b]
युग (yuga) [ID=32720]

an age of the world, long mundane period of years (of which there are four, viz. 1. Kṛta or Satya, 2. Tretā, 3. Dvāpara, 4. Kali, of which the first three have already elapsed, while the Kali, which began at midnight between the 17th and 18th of Feb. 3102 B.C. [o.s.], is that in which we live; the duration of each is said to be respectively 1,728,000, 1,296,000, 864,000, and 432,000 years of men, the descending numbers representing a similar physical and moral deterioration of men in each age; the four Yugas comprise an aggregate of 4,320,000 years and constitute a ‘great Yuga’ or Mahā-yuga; cf. Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams (Title) 178 ), AV. &c. &c. [ID=171842]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 785-2]
yuga (an age of the world, sg. and pl. (°āni)): I, 30
Page786-a+ 63
[ID=12635]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 3-030]
Yuga — the intervening time between one yuga-san- dhyapūrva and sandhyāmśa; four in number; Kṛta, Treta, Dvāpara and Kali. The extent is of 12,000 years of celestial measure; the duration of the yugas includes sandhya, 12,000 divine years, 1,000 caturyugas make a day of Brahmā.¹ A yugam of five years, commencing with Śravaṇa and ending with Dhaniṣṭhā nakṣatra — the five years are respectively Agni, Sūrya, Soma, Vāyu and Rudra; consists of Samvat- sara, Parivatsara, Idvatsara, Anuvatsara and Vatsara; revolves like the wheel owing to the movement of the Sun.² Social conditions in;³ of Śaptaṛṣis.⁴
[Footnote: 1) Bhā. II. 8. 17; III. 11. 18; XII. Ch. 4 (whole) ; Vā. 7. 22;

23. 83; 24. 1; 31. 21; Vi. I. 3. 11-15.] 

[Footnote: 2) Br. II. 13. 115, 147; 21.

131; 24. 57 and 144; 28. 22; Vā. 31. 28, 49; 32. 57-65; 50. 182;

53. 116; 56. 21; Vi. II. 8. 72.] 

[Footnote: 3) M. Ch. 165.] 

[Footnote: 4) Vā. 99. 419.] 
[ID=11304]

(also with मानुष (mānuṣa) or मनुष्य (manuṣya)) a race of men, generation (exceptionally m.), RV. &c. &c. [ID=171840]

2. Yuga in the Rigveda¹ frequently denotes a ‘generation’; but the expression daśame yuge applied to Dīrghatamas in one passage² must mean ‘tenth decade’ of life. There is no reference in the older Vedic texts to the five-year cycle (see Saṃvatsara). The quotation from the Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa³ given in the St. Petersburg Dictionary, and by Zimmer⁴ and others, is merely a citation from a modern text in the commentary on that work. Nor do the older Vedic texts know of any series of Yugas or ages such as are usual later. In the Atharvaveda⁵ there are mentioned in order a hundred years, an ayuta (10,000?), and then two, three, or four Yugas: the inference from this seems to be that a Yuga means more than an ayuta, but is not very
Page2-193+ 67
certain. Zimmer⁶ adduces a passage from the Rigveda,⁷ but the reference there, whatever it may be,⁸ is certainly not to the four ages (cf. also Triyuga).⁹ The Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa¹⁰ recognizes long periods of time — e.g., one of 100,000 years. To the four ages, Kali, Dvāpara, Tretā, and Kṛta, there is no certain reference in Vedic literature, though the names occur as the designations of throws at dice (see Akṣa). In the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa¹¹ the names occur, but it is not clear that the ages are really meant. Haug¹² thought that the dice were meant: this view is at least as probable as the alternative explanation, which is accepted by Weber,¹³ Roth,¹⁴ Wilson,¹⁵ Max Müller,¹⁶ and Muir.¹⁷ Roth, indeed, believes that the verse is an inter- polation; but in any case it must be remembered that the passage is from a late book of the Aitareya Brāhmaṇa. Four ages — Puṣya, Dvāpara, Khārvā, and Kṛta — are mentioned in the late Ṣaḍviṃśa Brāhmaṇa,¹⁸ and the Dvāpara in the Gopatha Brāhmaṇa.¹⁹
[Footnote: 1) Yuge-yuge, ‘in every age,’ i. 139, 8;

iii. 26, 3; vi. 8, 5; 15, 8; 36, 5; ix. 94,

12; uttarā yugāni, ‘future ages,’ iii. 33, 8;

x. 10, 10; pūrvāṇi yugāni, vii. 70, 4;

uttare yuge, x. 72, 1, etc. In i. 92, 11;

103, 4; 115, 2; 124, 2; 144, 4, etc., the

phrase ‘generations of men’ (manṣyā,

manuṣaḥ, janānām) are referred

to. See Muir, Sanskrit Texts, 12, 45, 46.] 

[Footnote: 2) i. 158, 6. Wilson, Translation, 2,

104, n., suggests that yuga here means

a lustrum of five years; but the tenth

decade is far more likely, as Dīrgha-

tamas is said to be ‘aged’ (jujurvān).] 

[Footnote: 3) xvii. 13, 17.] 

[Footnote: 4) Altindisches Leben, 368.] 

[Footnote: 5) viii. 2, 21.] 

[Footnote: 6) Op. cit., 371.] 

[Footnote: 7) viii. 101, 4 = Av. x. 8, 3.] 

[Footnote: 8) Cf. Aitareya Āraṇyaka, ii. 1, 1, with

Keith's note; Griffith, Hymns of the

Rigveda, 2, 253.] 

[Footnote: 9) In Rv. x. 72, 2, devānāṃ pūrvye

yuge, ‘in the earlier age of the gods,’

occurs.] 

[Footnote: 10) iii. 12, 9, 2. Cf. Muir, 12, 42,

n. 66.] 

[Footnote: 11) vii. 15, 4 (in the description of the

merits of exertion): ‘A man while lying

is the Kali; moving himself, he is the

Dvāpara; rising, he is the Tretā;

walking, he becomes the Kṛta’ (Kaliḥ

śayāno bhavati saṃjihānas tu Dvāparaḥ |

uttiṣṭhaṃs Tretā bhavati, Kṛtaṃ saṃpad-

yate caran||).] 

[Footnote: 12) Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, 2, 464, criti-

cized by Weber, Indische Studien, 9, 319.] 

[Footnote: 13) Indische Studien, 1, 286; 9, 315

et seq.] 

[Footnote: 14) Indische Studien, 1, 460.] 

[Footnote: 15) Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society,

1851, 99.] 

[Footnote: 16) Ancient Sanskrit Literature, 412.] 

[Footnote: 17) Sanskrit Texts, 12, 48, n. 86.] 

[Footnote: 18) v. 6.] 

[Footnote: 19) i. 1, 28; Weber, Indian Literature,

151, n. 166; Windisch, Buddha und

Māra, 151.

Cf. Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, 367-

371; Weber, Indische Streifen, 1, 91.

A quite different theory of the Yugas

is given by Shamasastry, Gavām Ayana,

141 et seq., but his whole theory is quite

impossible. Weber once (Indian Litera-

ture, 113, n. 127) found the mention of

the quinquennial Yuga in Rv. iii. 55,

18, but that passage refers to the five

or six seasons (see Griffith, Hymns of

the Rigveda, 1, 382, n.), while i. 25, 8,

merely alludes to the intercalary month.

Weber also (op. cit., 70, 247) considers

that the Yugas are derived from the

phases of the moon, but this idea was

long since disposed of by Roth, Die

Lehre von den vier Weltaltern (Tübingen,

1860).] 
[ID=2593]

N. of a partic. position or configuration of the moon, VarBṛS. [ID=171846]

of a partic. Nābhasa constellation (of the class called Sāṃkhya-yoga, when all the planets are situated in two houses), ib. [ID=171847]

(H1) [Printed book page 853,1]
युग (yuga) a युग (yuga)्म (yugma), युग (yuga)्य (yugya) &c. See p. 854. [ID=171724]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 0817-c]
युग (yuga) yuga, yugma, yugya, &c. See p. 818, col. 2, and p. 819, col. 1. [ID=38706]

a symbolical N. for the number ‘four’, Sūryas. [ID=171844]

for the number ‘twelve’, Jyot. [ID=171845]

of a double Śloka or two Ślokas so connected that the sense is only completed by the two together, Rājat. [ID=171848]

a measure of length = 86 Aṅgulas, Śulbas. (= 4 Hastas or cubits, L.) [ID=171843]

a period or astronomical cycle of 5 (rarely 6) years, a lustrum (esp. in the cycle of Jupiter), MBh.; Var.; Suśr. [ID=171841]

[Printed book page 786-1]
Yuga(ṃ) = Śiva (1000 names¹). [ID=12636]

युग (yuga) [Printed book page 686]
युग (yuga)(इ)युग (yuga)ि (yuga(i)yugi) r. 1st cl (युंगति (yuṃgati)) To except, to abandon. [ID=31476]